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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuraminidase in Mammalian Brain (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 921-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Freshly obtained guinea pig, bovine and human brains were freed from their meninges. Weighed samples of the cerebral hemispheres were then homogenized with twice their weight of physiological saline. It was presumed that the sialic acid-rich mucolipids of the brain suspension would serve as ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/197921a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma Iron and Iron-binding Capacity in the Pregnant Rat and Rabbit (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 192 (1961), S. 461-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Blood for the various determinations was taken from 7 rabbits weighing 1-8-2-5 kgm. immediately before and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after mating and on the first day after parturition. Control values were obtained on blood from a comparable group of 8 non-pregnant animals. In these rabbits no ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/192461a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Milk and Serum Iron and Iron-binding Capacity in the Rabbit (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 215 (1967), S. 76-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Samples of blood and milk were obtained at intervals during lactation from the first to about the thirtieth day of lactation. The blood, obtained by incision of the marginal ear vein, was allowed to clot and the serum was used for measurements of iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)1. Milk ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/215076a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic Localization of 125 I-Labelled Transferrin in Rabbit Reticulocytes (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 223 (1969), S. 1371-1372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two types of reticulocyte-rich blood were used. One was produced by withdrawing blood from a rabbit five times during the week preceding the experiment, and the other by five daily subcutaneous injections of phenyl-hydrazine hydrochloride (6 mg/kg body weight). 10 mg of purified rabbit transferrin4 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2231371a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß der Gravidität auf dne Plasma-Protein-Stoffwechsel der Ratte (1975)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 253 (1975), S. 790-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464468
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species specificity of transferein binding, endocytosis and iron internalization by cultured chick myogenic cells (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 158 (1988), S. 559-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ability of unlabelled heterologous transferrin to interact with transferrin receptors on developing chick myogenic cells was investigated by measuring their capacity to inhibit the surfacebinding and internalization of125I-and59Fe-labelled ovotransferrin. Transferrins from rat, rabbit, human, and a species of kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) were unable to inhibit either surfacebinding or internalization of labelled ovotransferrin even at concentrations ten times the molar concentration of the ovotransferrin. Transferrins isolated from the serum of a toad (Bufo marinus) and a lizard (Teliqua rugosa), when added at high concentrations, were found to reduce surface-binding of125I-Tf by 20–25% but did not inhibit internalization of either125I-Tf or59Fe. This suggests that the effects of toad and lizard transferrins are due to non-specific binding to the myogenic cells. In contrast, inhibition of both surface-binding and internalization of labelled ovotransferrin was found when myogenic cells were incubated in the presence of the homologous transferrin (ovotransferrin). The species-specificity of transferrin binding, endocytosis and iron internalization did not vary with the state of proliferation or differentiation of the myogenic cells. However, the intracellular iron utilization was found to differ between differentiating presumptive and terminally differentiated myotubes. Internalized59Fe was fractioned by gel filtration. In dividing and non-dividing presumptive myoblasts59Fe was found to elute in three peaks, two with elution volumes corresponding to ferritin and transferrin and one at greater elution volume than that of myoglobin. In myotubes the same fractions occurred, and in addition some59Fe was eluted at the same volume as myoglobin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692564
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transferrin-receptor interaction and iron uptake by reticulocytes of vertebrate animals — a comparative study (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 157 (1987), S. 363-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transferrin-receptor interactions and iron uptake were studied in eleven different species of vertebrate animals (3 eutherian mammals, 3 marsupials, 2 reptiles and 1 bird, amphibian and bony fish). In the initial experiments it was shown that the uptake of transferrin-bound iron by immature erythroid cells from marsupial and reptilian species occurs by receptor-mediated endocytosis as in other vertebrate animals. Reticulocytes were incubated with125I-59Fe-labelled transferrins from heterologous species and the results for iron and transferrin uptake compared with those obtained with the homologous protein. Cells from eutherian mammals were able to take up transferrin and iron from other eutherians and from the bob-tailed lizard but not from marsupials and other submammalian species. With marsupials and reptiles a similar specificity was observed, and the marsupial cells could also utilize chicken transferrin but not vice versa. The results were extended by performing competition experiments in which the cells were incubated with radiolabelled homologous transferrin in the presence of increasing concentrations of non-radioactive heterologous transferrins. From the ability of the heterologous proteins to inhibit uptake of the homologous protein relative association constants (K a 1) for the transferrin-receptor interactions could be calculated. TheseK a 1 values reflected the patterns observed in the first series of experiments. These studies demonstrate that, although specificity exists in transferrin-receptor interactions throughout the range of vertebrate animals, in several instances reactivity between widely divergent species is also observed. Hence, structural similarities have been maintained throughout evolution. Nevertheless, no evidence of interaction between transferrin and its receptor from the two divisions of the Mammalia, the eutherians and the marsupials, was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693363
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transferrin endocytosis and iron uptake by developing erythroid cells in the chicken (Gallus domesticus) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 155 (1985), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mechanism of iron uptake by avian erythroid cells was investigated using cells from 7 and 15-day chicken embryos, and chicken serum transferrin and conalbumin (ovotransferrin) labelled with125I and59Fe. Endocytosis of the protein was determined by incubation of the cells with Pronase at 4°C to distinguish internalized from surface-bound protein. Iron was taken up by the cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin or conalbumin. The receptors had the same affinity for serum transferrin and conalbumin. Endocytosis of diferric transferrin and conalbumin and exocytosis of apo-protein occurred at the same rates, indicating that iron donation to the cells occurred during the process of intracellular cycling of the protein. The recycling time was approximately 4 min. The rate of endocytosis of diferric protein varied with incubation temperature and at each temperature the rate of endocytosis was sufficient to account for the iron accumulated by the cells. These results and experiments with a variety of inhibitors confirmed the role of endocytosis in iron uptake. The mean cell volumes, receptor numbers and iron uptake rates of 7-day embryo cells were approximately twice those of 15-day embryo cells but the protein recycling times were approximately the same. Hence, the level of transferrin receptors is probably the main determinant of the rate of iron uptake during development of chicken erythroid cells. Transferrins from a variety of mammalian species were unable to donate iron to the chicken cells, but toad (Bufo marinus) transferrin could do so at a slow rate. The mechanism of iron uptake by developing chicken erythroid cells appears to be similar to that described for mammalian cells, although receptor numbers and iron uptake rates are lower than those reported for mammalian cells at a similar stage of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of transferrin in iron uptake by the brain: a comparative study (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 161 (1991), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Transferrin receptors ; Iron transport ; Brain capillaries ; Species specificity ; Blood brain barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of specific transferrin (Tf) and Tf receptor interaction on brain capillary endothelial cells in iron transport from the plasma to the brain was investigated by using Tf from several species of animals labeled with 59Fe and 125I, and 15-day and adult rats. The rate of iron transfer was much greater in the 15-day rats. It was greatest with Tf from the mammals, rat, rabbit and human, but much lower with chicken ovotransferrin and quokka (a marsupial), toad, lizard, crocodile, and fish Tf. The uptake of Tf by the brain showed a similar pattern, except for a very high uptake of ovotransferrin (ovo Tf). Iron uptake by the femurs (a source of bone marrow) was also high with Tf from the mammalian species and low with the other types of Tf, but showed little change with aging of the animals. It is concluded that iron transport into the brain is dependent on the function of Tf receptors, probably on capillary endothelial cells, and that these receptors show the same type of species specificity as the receptors on immature erythroid cells. Also, the decrease in iron uptake by the brain as rats age from 15 days to adulthood is specific for the brain and is not a general effect of the aging process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257907
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of changes in the ionic environment of reticulocytes on the uptake of transferrin-bound iron (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 105 (1980), S. 489-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit reticulocytes were incubated with rabbit transferrin labelled with 59Fe and 125I in media in which the NaCl was replaced by other electrolytes or sucrose. Iron and transferrin uptake by the cells was affected by changes in the pH, ionic strength, ionic composition, and the osmolarity of the medium. Uptake was maximal at pH 7.4. A reduction in ionic strength produced by replacing NaCl with sucrose inhibited the uptake in a concentration-dependant manner, greatest inhibition occurring at lowest salt concentration. Similar results were obtained when KCl, LiCl, RbCl, Na2SO4, or K2SO4 were used instead of NaCl. Low ionic strength was found to inhibit the endocytotic uptake of transferrin labelled with colloidal gold, but had only a small effect on transferrin binding to cell membrane receptors. It was concluded that low ionic strength inhibits iron uptake primarily by blocking the endocytosis of transferrin. Three salts, NH4Cl, CaCl2, and MgCl2, produced different results from the above. NH4Cl inhibited iron uptake at all concentrations used. This action was due to an effect on the release of iron from transferrin, which appeared to be taken up by the cells in a normal manner. When the ionic strength of the sucrose medium was increased by adding low concentrations of CaCl2, iron uptake was greater than with equivalent concentrations of NaCl. However, with CaCl2 concentrations above 10 mM, iron uptake was inhibited, due to inhibition of transferrin uptake, possibly by blocking endocytosis. By contrast, MgCl2 stimulated iron uptake at all concentrations used. The results are discussed in terms of the possible effects of ionic strength, pH, and ionic composition of the extracellular fluid on the three main steps involved in iron uptake by immature erythroid cells: transferrin-receptor interaction, endocytosis, and iron release from transferrin.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041050313
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