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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 45 (1973), S. 869-880 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 75 (1971), S. 2922-2929 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Irrigation and drainage systems 7 (1993), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1573-0654
    Keywords: basin length ; basins ; efficiencies ; depth of application water ; cut-off time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper results from the evaluation of irrigation in 37 different basins planted with perennial crops in the oasis irrigated by the Lower Tunuyán River in Mendoza, Argentina. The basins were evaluated by calculating management parameters through volumetric analysis. The results of this analysis were compared with the values obtained by means of the BRDRFLW mathematical model (Strelkoff, 1985). Four main elements were considered for analysis: application efficiency (ea), cut-off time (Tco), length (L), and net depth (DR), Multiple correlations were established and transferred to the graphics, which are simple and suitable for use by extensionists and farmers interested in improving basin irrigation efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Irrigation and drainage systems 5 (1991), S. 77-88 
    ISSN: 1573-0654
    Keywords: irrigation performance ; canal operation ; uniformity ; irrigation system management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The intended operation of the Rio Tunuyan irrigation scheme in the province of Mendoza, Argentina, is to divide flow proportionately over the entire area in accordance with registered water-rights. The main division of flow is by regulators at the heads of the lateral canals, which serve areas of appr. 15,000 ha. Taking the sub-lateral or secondary canal Viejo Retamo as an example, this paper discusses the flow division downstream of these regulators. The operation of the canal is evaluated with two performance indicators: -the ratio of volume of water intended to be supplied to the tertiary units over the volume of water actually supplied, and -the misallocation of water in volume. In the Rio Tunuyan scheme, there is also a relation between the evapotranspiration of crops and the groundwater level: if less than 60% of the supplied canal water evapotranspires, the groundwater level rises.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-0654
    Keywords: water management ; irrigation performance ; Users Associations ; water delivery ; discharge measurements ; level of service ; Argentina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The quality of service provided by the provincial Irrigation Department (DGI) to the Water Users Associations (UA), and subsequently by the UA's to the related water users, is based on the provincial water law. The intended volume of water being delivered per considered period further depends on the water availability and on the (crop irrigation) water requirements. The Service Level (SL) compares the intended water supply with the water supply that would be required to supply the entire irrigable area with sufficient water. As soon as the intended water delivery pattern is set, the measured actual delivery can be assessed against the intention. Several performance indicators are used in this context. Based on the assessment of the Water Delivery Performance Ratio and the Overall Consumed Ratio recommendations are made on changes which can be made to improve water use and reduce problems of waterlogging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Irrigation ; mathematical model ; path efficiency ; percolation ; water flow ; water extraction ; water supply
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract A new approach on the functioning of an irrigation scheme has been presented. A mathematical representation of the irrigation system based on measured system properties, such as losses due to percolation and to poor management, in only a part of the system is used. This mathematical representation is termed an equivalent irrigation network. The merit of this approach is that it reduces the number of required streamflow measurements. When water amounts are measured for a number of paths in the irrigation network, so-called path efficiencies are obtained. The path efficiency is a measure of the amount of water lost along the way. The numerical model that simulates the operation of the irrigation system is based on the path efficiencies. This simulation model in turn is used to calculate different objective functions, corresponding with different optimization goals, like uniform water distribution, minimum groundwater extraction, minimum cost of water supply. This paper gives the theoretical background of the approach. The application to an actual irrigation scheme will be discussed in a second paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Argentina ; groundwater ; irrigation ; simulation model ; surface water ; water use
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the theoretical approach presented in Part I is demonstrated by means of case studies on the irrigation schemes of Rio Mendoza and Rio Tunuyán in the Province of Mendoza, Argentina. The object of the case studies was the determination of optimal allocation of surface water to reduce the use of groundwater. Current and optimal conjunctive allocation of ground and surface water is studied by means of the developed simulation and optimization models. The second case study was designed on the basis of the experience gathered during the first one: each step of the case studies is compared. The comparison between the two case studies illustrates how to apply the proposed approach when the amount and quality of available data are different. For the more detailed Rio Tunuyán study, we determined the following physical characteristics of all terminal nodes: on-farm rotational intervals, mean water application depth, actual soil water storage capacity, crop water requirements, depth of groundwater table, aquifer transmissivity, and efficiency of groundwater use. The performance of the entire system is sensitive to changes in the water application depth, as it was shown by a simulation study. The application of our optimization approach to the conjunctive use of ground- and surface water showed that the total water requirements over a year can be met by a reassignment of water that reduces the total costs of a great amount.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 3 (1981), S. 16-22 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: External connections to thin film hybrid integrated circuits (HICs) by solder bonding have several advantages over those bonded by solid phase or thermocompression bonding. This paper reviews these advantages and discusses the parameters necessary for high strength, reliable solder joints to thin films. Dissolution of the soluble thin film(s) into solder limits the solder reflow times. Recent work has shown that dissolution rates of thin films in solder depend primarily on the degree of thin film heat treatment prior to soldering, substrate surface texture, and the method of thin film deposition. Auger in-depth profiling data show that alloy formation and internal oxidation reduces film dissolution during solder reflow. Metallographic sectioning and chemical analysis are used to identify weak solder bond interfaces which result from intermetallic formation. Tin from the solder diffuses rapidly and reacts with soluble metals such as gold, palladium and copper to form brittle intermetallics such as AuSn4, PdSn4 and Cu6Sn5. Intermetallic formation between the solder and the thin film systems of interest can affect joint strength and reliability.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1973-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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