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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive and growth dynamics of Hyperprosopon argenteum (Embiotocidae) near San Diego, California (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 8 (1983), S. 29-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Exploitation ; Fecundity ; Geographic population ; Latitude ; Life history ; Longevity ; Sex ratio ; Survivorship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Nearly all male and about 60% of the female Hyperprosopon argenteum from the waters near San Diego, California attained sexual maturity as age group 0 fish. Males matured during fall at 65–95 mm standard length; females matured at ∼ 90 mm during late fall. Females produced broods averaging nine embryos during early April-early June after a 5–6 month gestation period. Brood size was proportional to female size, and was better correlated with weight than with length of female. Larger, age group I and older females became pregnant earlier in the year than smaller, age group 0 females. Males and females grew at equally fast rates during the spring and summer prior to sexual maturity. The growth rate of both sexes thereafter decelerated equally until age 12 months; and growth of males was slower than that of females among age I + fish. By age II, females had attained longer mean body lengths (130 mm) and heavier mean body weights (66 g) than similarly aged males (120 mm and 52 g). Larger maximum female body sizes resulted both from their faster growth during their second year and their greater average longevity. Differences between male and female growth rates and survivorships are related to growth and survivorship within other geographic populations of H. argenteum. Sexual differences in the life history of H. argenteum in general resemble the patterns of maturation, growth, and survivorship within other Embiotocidae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004943
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  • 2
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    Reproductive and growth dynamics of Hyperprosopon argenteum (Embiotocidae) near San Diego, California (1983)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0378-1909
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5133
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasii studies in San Francisco Bay, December 1981 to March 1982 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Region | Menlo Park, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/315 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:14:05 | 315 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Hydroacoustic monitoring and sampling of San Francisco Bayherring stocks were conducted from December 1981 to March 1982. Major schools usually were located in central San Francisco Bay between 30 and 90 ft deep prior to spawning. The largest school observed had an estimated volume of 1.5 billion ft3. There was some consistency between the maximum calculated volume of a school prior to spawning and the subsequent spawning biomass estimate, based on egg counts, by Marine Resources Region personnel.Herring samples were obtained with variable mesh gill nets, a midwater trawl and from commercial purse seine and lampara vessels. Eight discrete spawns were sampled for size and age composition, although data from December and early January samples were biased due to selectivity of the gill net mesh array. In general, a trend was observed of decreasing mean size and age as the season progressed.Ages of herring ranged from 2 to 9 years. From 87 to 94% of the fish sampled with a midwater trawl, 1.5- to 2.5-in mesh array gill net, and from commercial roundhaul samples consisted of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-olds.Calculation of desired sample size for future work indicatesthat 17 fish per 10-mm size interval need to be aged to determine age composition of each spawning population. (51pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; Pacific herring ; Clupea harengus pallasii
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 4
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    Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, studies in San Francisco Bay, April 1986 to March 1987 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Region | Menlo Park, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/335 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:13:44 | 335 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Herring schools were surveyed hydroacoustically and sampled in San Francisco Bay from late October 1986 to March 1987. Eight large schools (greater than 1000 tons each) spawned from December to February and seven smaller schools were detected throughout the spawning season. Total acoustic biomass estimate using a "visual integration" technique was 40,930 tons, and it was determined from spawn escapement and commercial landings that an additional 2240 tons were not detected. This is a slight increase from last season's total of approximately 42,200 tons. For the first time, biomass was also estimated using echo integration equipment. A total biomass was obtained of 33,050 tons, including herring not detected acoustically. This estimate must be considered preliminary and subject to revision after target strength of San Francisco Bay herring is determined.Eighty-seven samples, containing a total of 13,125 herring, were collected with variable-mesh gill net and midwater trawl or obtained from the roundhaul and gill net fisheries. Mean body length (BL) of sampled herring decreased by about 20 mm from the beginning to the end of the spawning season. A combination of variable-mesh gill net and midwater trawl samples for a particular school closely approximates mean BL and age composition data from unbiased roundhaul samples.Age-weight and age-length relationships were average to above average compared with those of the previous two seasons. The 1982 year class exhibited unusually good growth, with a mean BL of 202.8 mm for herring aged from stratified random samples.The 1982 through 1985 year classes (5- through 2-yr olds)contributed 97% by number and 95% by weight to the total 1986-87 spawning biomass in San Francisco Bay. Good recruitment has occurred during the past four seasons. The weak 1981 year class contributed little to the total biomass as 6-yr olds.Average catch per tow of young-of-the-year (YOY) herring is a potential index of abundance for recruitment 18 months later as 2-yr olds. Estimated recruitment has only varied by 15% during the past three seasons and does not reflect the magnitude or trend in YOY catches in the bay. (85pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; Biology ; Pacific herring ; Clupea harengus pallasi ; San Francisco Bay ; California
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 5
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    Biological characteristics of the catch from the 1991-92 Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, roe fishery in San Francisco Bay and Tomales Bay (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Division | Monterey, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/367 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:11:15 | 367 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: The Tomales-Bodega Bay catch during the past two seasonshas been from the northern part of outer Bodega Bay, dueto the closure of the Tomales Bay fishery.In the Tomales-Bodega Bay area, 4-, 5-, and 6-yr-oldherring, Clupea pallasi, comprised 84% by number of the1991-92 season's gill net catch.The number of 4-yr-olds increased to 26% of the gill netcatch, the second consecutive year that the percentage of 4yr-olds has increased. Four-yr-olds are completely recruited into the gill net fishery, and thus are a good indicator of relative year class strength.Average length of herring in the Tomales-Bodega Bay areagill net catch decreased due to a shift to younger herringin the catch.Herring age and size data obtained from Tomales Bay with avariable-mesh research gill net were similar to data fromSan Francisco Bay obtained with the same net. Herring over7-yrs-old were absent from the Tomales Bay variable-meshgill net and the outer Bodega Bay commercial gill net samples.In San Francisco Bay, the age composition of the gill netcatch was again 4-, 5-, and 6-yr-old herring, whichcomprised 87% of the catch. In the round haul fishery, 3and4-yr-old herring dominated, comprising 63% of the catch.Recruitment of 2-yr-old herring was poor.The average length of herring in the San Francisco Bay gillnet catch was the lowest on record, 189 mm body length (BL).The average length of herring in the round haul catchincreased to 179 mmBl due to poor recruitment of youngherring. (25pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; Biology ; Pacific herring ; Clupea pallasi ; roe fisheries ; San Fancisco Bay ; Tomales Bay ; California
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 6
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    Biomass estimates of Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, in California from the 1991-92 spawning-ground surveys (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Division | Monterey, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/365 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:10:57 | 365 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The spawning biomass of Pacific herring, Clupeapallasi, estimated from spawning-ground surveys inSan Francisco Bay declined to 41,000 tons this season.This was the second consecutive year that the SanFrancisco Bay herring population estimate has declined.In Tomales Bay, the 1991-92 season spawning biomassestimate, including the catch of 24 tons from Bodega Bay,was 1,238 tons. This was the third consecutive seasonthat the Tomales-Bodega area herring population hasincreased.The 1991-92 Humboldt Bay herring spawning biomass estimateof 225 tons, was nearly half of last season's estimate of400 tons.December and January were the peak months of spawningactivity in all areas surveyed.In San Francisco Bay, the first major spawn since the 1981-82 season occurred in the Sausalito area, and the Oakland-Alameda area accounted for 50% of all spawning activity.A total of 3.5 million m2 of eelgrass, Zostera marina,was measured in Tomales Bay this season. The eelgrassdensity declined in most beds this season. (46p.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; Biology ; Pacific herring ; Clupea pallasi
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 7
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    Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, studies in San Francisco Bay, central and northern California, and Washington; March 1985 to May 1986 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Region | Menlo Park, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/49 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:38:54 | 49 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Herring schools were surveyed hydroacoustically and sampledin San Francisco Bay from late October 1985 to March 1986.Nine schools entered the bay and spawned between October 30and March 5; large schools (greater than 1000 tons) occurred only from December to March. Total biomass estimate from hydroacoustic surveys was 36,600 tons, and it was determined from spawn escapement and catch that an additional 5600 tons were not detected. This is an increase from last season's total of approximately 35,000 tons. Heavy rainfall and depressed salinities in the bay inhibited spawning for 3 wk in February and March. Eighty- five samples, containing a total of 13,260 herring, were collected with variable-mesh gill net and midwater trawl or obtained from the roundhaul and gill net fisheries. Mean length of herring decreased only during the early part of the season; the strong showing of the 1982 and 1983 yr classes resulted in more uniform length composition of samples from December to March.Age composition for the entire spawning season consisted of90% by number and 85% by weight 2-, 3-, and 4-yr olds (1984, 1983, and 1982 yr classes). The 1981 yr class again was relatively weak. The 1982 yr class has had the highest mean length and weight as 3- and 4-yr olds that we have seen in 5 yr.Fecundity estimates from the past three seasons averaged 222.8 eggs/g and showed no significant difference amongseasons.Survival of herring from 1984-85 spawns was greater than the previous year and indicates that the 1985 yr class may be above average in relative strength.A morphometric analysis of herring from Humboldt Bay, FortBragg, Tomales Bay, and San Francisco Bay indicated that northern stocks could be separated from southern stocks with an 85-87% success rate, but morphometric differences were not great enough to separate herring from Tomales and San Francisco Bays. Growth differences, expressed as mean age per BL interval, were apparent in the four groups and show a gradual increase in growth rate with increasing latitude. Herring from Washington, aged by scales and otoliths, also fit this trend. (102pp.)
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Biology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 8
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    Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, studies and fishery management in Tomales Bay 1992-93, with notes on Humboldt Bay and Crescent City area landings (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game Marine Resources Divison | Bodega Bay, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/101 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:35:33 | 101 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The 1992-93 spawning biomass estimate for Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, in Tomales Bay increased for the fourth year in a row to 4,078 tons. This is the highest estimate since the 1986-87 season. The December spawning biomass total of 1,346 tons was the second highest December escapement total since surveys began in 1972-73.A total of 3.58 million m2 of eelgrass, Zostera marina, was measured in Tomales Bay this season. Eelgrass density increased in the majority of beds.The commercial catch of 222 tons was taken entirely from Tomales Bay since outer Bodega Bay was closed to herring fishing during the season. Gill net mesh size wasincreased to 2.125 inches from 2.0 inches this season. Herring aged 4,5, and 6 comprised 92% by number of the season's herring catch. Mean weight of herring foreach age decreased while mean length for all ages combined increased slightly.Tomales Bay herring samples indicated that older year-classes, missing in commercial catch samples, were present prior to the January start of the commercial fishery. The abundance of 4-yr-old herring was low in samples from variable-mesh and commercial gill nets, indicating less than average recruitment of the 1989 year-class.In Humboldt Bay the 1992-93 season commercial herring catch totalled 28.6 tons, less than half of the 60-ton quota. Crescent City area herring fishermen nearly caughttheir 30-ton quota with a total of 28.5 tons landed. No spawning biomass estimate is available for the 1992-93 season for either area. (29pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; Pacific Herring ; Clupea pallasi ; Tomales Bay ; California
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 9
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    Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, experimental roe-on-kelp open pound fishery studies in San Francisco Bay, December 1987 to February 1988 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Region | Bodega Bay, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/103 | 8 | 2021-02-27 19:29:20 | 103 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The experimental open pound herring roe-on-kelp (ROK) fishery was studied in San Francisco Bay from mid December 1987 to mid February 1988. Five different harvests were observed and sampled. A total of 19.7 tons of Macrocystis sp. kelp covered with herring eggs was processed during this period.Kelp harvested from the Santa Barbara Channel Islands wastransported to San Francisco Bay for hanging on the pounds.Weather conditions at the channel islands affected the condition and dimensions of the harvested kelp. Once suspended on the pounds in bay waters, the cut kelp deteriorated in 8 to 10 d. Based on our sampling, an average of 0.98 tons of kelp with a total blade surface area of 3031 m2 was suspended from each pound.ROK was sampled at the shoreside processing facility. Densities of attached eggs ranged from light (less than three layers) to heavy (more than six layers) for the five different spawns. Egg coverage on each pound also varied; kelp towards the middle portion of the pound received heavier deposition of eggs. Average weight increase from egg deposition, per blade, was 780% with the kelp weighing an average of 12.2% of the total. An average 13.2% by weight was trimmed during processing. A multiplication factor of 0.206 should be used to convert individual roe herring allotments to ROK allotments.Standard plastic totes containing processed ROK averaged 1783 lb total gross weight. Totes contained an average of 49.7% ROK by weight. Samples of roe-on-kelp increased an average of 10.9% in weight after brining during processing. (35pp.)
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pacific herring ; Clupea harengus pallasi ; San Francisco Bay ; California
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 10
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    Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, studies and fishery management in Tomales Bay, 1993-94, with notes on Humbolt and Crescent City area landings (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game Marine Region | Bodega Bay, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/106 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:34:19 | 106 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The 1993-94 spawning biomass estimate for Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, in Tomales Bay declined 40% from last season to 2,449 tons. Although this estimate is below the 20-year average of 4,700 tons, the spawning biomass estimate this year is close to the post 1982 El Nino11-year average of 2,054 tons. The overall trend of increasing biomass since the 1989-90 season still continues. There were eight distinct spawns this season, the most in five years, with the largest spawn occurring in late January.A total of 3.5 million m2 of eelgrass, Zostera marina, was measured in Tomales Bay this season. Eelgrass density increased in the majority of the beds.The commercial gillnet fleet in Tomales Bay caught a total of 219 tons of herring this season yielding an exploitation rate of 8.9%. Herring aged four, five, and six comprised 90% by number of this season's commercial gill net catch. Mean weight of herring ages three, six, and seven decreased slightly over last season while increases were seen for ages four, five, and eight. Meanlength of commercial caught herring increased slightly over 1992-93.Department variable-mesh gill nets caught a total of 455 herring of which 232 were aged. The dominant age class was four-yr-olds comprising 27% of the sample by number, followed by six-yr-olds representing the highly successful 1988 year class.In Humboldt Bay, the 1993-94 commercial catch of 62.8 tons was about 5% over the 1993-94 season quota of 60 tons and was well above Humboldt Bay's 21-year average catch of 40.4 tons.Crescent City area herring fishermen caught 32.5 tons, approximately 2% over the season quota for the Crescent City area. The 1993-94 season commercial catch is well above the 20-year average of 23.7 tons for this area. (31pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; Pacific herring ; Clupea pallasi ; Tomales Bay ; California
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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