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Cytometric and morphometric identification of diploid, tetraploid and pentaploid plants derived from Actinidia arguta (2n = 4x) crossed with A. deliciosa (2n = 6x) (1996)

Chat, J. ; Dumoulin, P. Y. ; Bastard, Y. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0

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ISSN: 1439-0523

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Interspecific crosses between Actinidia arguta (In = 4x) and A. deliciosa (2n = 6x) were carried out in order to transfer cold resistance from a wild to the cultivated kiwifruit species. Of the 65 progenies obtained and analysed by flow cytometry, 16 were diploid, one was tetraploid and 48 were, as expected, pentaploid. Morphologically, the diploids can be distinguished from the pentaploids by their longer lamina. The existence of 5x progenies confirms the existence of gene flow between A. arguta and A. deliciosa, whereas the existence of 2x and 4x progenies provides evidence for parthenogenesis within the Actinidia genus following an interspecific cross. The study demonstrates the utility of flow cytometry for genomic analysis of progenies derived from interspecific crosses. Possible uses of both sexual and parthenogenetic progenies in the breeding and genetics of kiwifruit are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00937.x

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2

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Mapping QTLs controlling fruit quality in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) (1999)

Dirlewanger, E. ; Moing, A. ; Rothan, C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 18-31

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Key words Fruit quality ; Organic acids ; Sugars ; Genetic linkage map ; Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) ; Peach (Prunus persica)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The organoleptic quality of fleshy fruits is in a large part defined by their composition of soluble sugars and organic acids. An F2 population issuing from a cross between two peach varieties, ‘Ferjalou Jalousia’, a non-acid peach, and ‘Fantasia’, an acid nectarine, was analysed over 2 successive years for agronomic characters and for molecular-marker (isoenzymes, RFLPs, RAPDs, IMAs and AFLPs) segregations. Blooming and maturity dates, as well as productivity, were noted for each tree. Four fruits per tree were analysed at maturity for fresh weight, colour, pH, titratable acidity, soluble-solids content (SSC), acid (malic, citric and quinic acids) and sugar (sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol) contents. QTLs were detected for all fruit components analysed, except for fruit colour. The QTLs for nearly all components were present on two linkage groups. For productivity, fresh weight, pH, quinic acid, sucrose and sorbitol content, all the detected QTLs displayed the same effect as the parental phenotypes. By contrast, for maturity date, titratable acidity, malic and citric acids and fructose, some QTLs displayed the same effect as the parental phenotypes while others displayed the opposite effect. The fraction of the total variation in each trait throughout the population explained by the QTLs was very high and reached more than 90% for some characters. For most of the characters analysed, epistasis was observed between QTLs.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051035

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3

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Genetic linkage map of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] using morphological and molecular markers (1998)

Dirlewanger, E. ; Pronier, V. ; Parvery, C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 888-895

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Key words Prunus persica ; Linkage map ; RFLP ; RAPD ; AFLP

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract A genetic linkage map of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batch] was constructed in order to identify molecular markers linked to economically important agronomic traits that would be particularly useful for long-lived perennial species. An intraspecific F2 population was generated from self-pollinating a single F1 plant from a cross between a flat non-acid peach, ‘Ferjalou Jalousia®’ and an acid round nectarine ‘Fantasia’. Mendelian segregations were observed for 270 markers including four agronomic characters (peach/nectarine, flat/round fruit, acid/non-acid fruit, and pollen sterility) and 1 isoenzyme, 50 RFLP, 92 RAPD, 8 inter-microsatellite amplification (IMA), and 115 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Two hundred and forty-nine markers were mapped to 11 linkage groups covering 712 centiMorgans (cM). The average density between pairs of markers is 4.5 cM. For the four agronomic characters studied, molecular markers were identified. This map will be used for the detection of QTL controlling fruit quality in peach and, particularly, the acid and sugar content.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050969

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4

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Genetic linkage mapping in peach using morphological, RFLP and RAPD markers (1995)

Rajapakse, S. ; Belthoff, L. E. ; He, G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 503-510

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Prunus persica ; Restriction fragmentm length polymorphism ; Random amplified polymorphic DNA ; Linkage mapping ; Cultivar identification

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract We have constructed a genetic linkage map of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] consisting of RFLP, RAPD and morphological markers, based on 71 F2 individuals derived from the self-fertilization of four F1 individuals of a cross between ‘New Jersey Pillar’ and KV 77119. This progeny, designated as the West Virginia (WV) family, segregates for genes controlling canopy shape, fruit flesh color, and flower petal color, size and number. The segregation of 65 markers, comprising 46 RFLP loci, 12 RAPD loci and seven morphological loci, was analyzed. Low-copy genomic and cDNA probes were used in the RFLP analysis. The current genetic map for the WV family contains 47 markers assigned to eight linkage groups covering 332 centi Morgans (cM) of the peach nuclear genome. The average distance between two adjacent markers is 8 cM. Linkage was detected between Pillar (Pi) and double flowers (Dl) RFLP markers linked to Pi and flesh color (γ) loci were also found. Eighteen markers remain unassigned. The individuals analyzed for linkage were not a random sample of all F2 trees, as an excess of pillar trees were chosen for analysis. Because of this, Pi and eight other markers that deviated significantly from the expected Mendelian ratios (e.g., 1∶2∶1 or 3∶1) were not eliminated from the linkage analysis. Genomic clones that detect RFLPs in the WV family also detect significant levels of polymorphism among the 34 peach cultivars examined. Unique fingerprint patterns were created for all the cultivars using only six clones detecting nine RFLP fragments. This suggests that RFLP markers from the WV family have a high probability of being polymorphic in crosses generated with other peach cultivars, making them ideal for anchor loci. This possibility was examined by testing RFLP markers developed with the WV family in three other unrelated peach families. In each of these three peach families respectively 43%, 54% and 36% of RFLP loci detected in the WV family were also polymorphic. This finding supports the possibility that these RFLP markers may serve as anchor loci in many other peach crosses.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221996

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5

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Quantification of a genetic message in selection (1993)

Monet, R.

Springer

Acta biotheoretica 41 (1993), S. 199-203

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ISSN: 1572-8358

Keywords: Genetic message ; Communication theory ; Quantity of genetic information

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The genetic communication system includes the following components: the parent, which represents the information source and which emits messages; the gametes, which are the messenger carriers; and the offspring, which results from the decoding of two of these messages and can, in turn, become an information source. In a diploid species, a pair of heterozygous homologous loci may emit two equally probable messages, the quantity of genetic information (Q) produced being equivalent to: Q=log2 2=1 bit. For n independent pairs of heterozygous homologous loci, Q=n.log2 2=n bits. The evolution of Q is examined whenever the parent is used in inbreeding or crossbreeding. In the case of inbreeding, the initial Q is depleted as the loci become homozygous; for hybridization the evolution of Q is unpredictable. In the case of pairs of linked heterozygous homologous loci, Q is represented by an equation similar to that used to describe entropy. The value of entropy is lower when linkage between loci is tighter, the freedom of choice in selection is reduced.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00712167

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