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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 124 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three different cryptic plasmids from Lactobacillus helveticus have been identified and their DNA sequences determined. Analyses and comparisons of their primary structures revealed stretches of DNA with considerable homology. Thus, large portions of the plasmid non-coding sequences were conserved at 80–90% identity between the different plasmids identified so far in L. helveticus. Nevertheless, different plasmids found in a same host strain utilise different genes of replication, probably acquired during evolution from different replicons from Gram-positive bacterial origins. A remnant structure of such a possible genetic integration of a foreign replication gene into one of the plasmids of L. helveticus was identified.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 122 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four promoter regions required for the expression of a promoterless antibiotic resistance gene (cat194) in Streptococcus thermophilus were isolated by random chromosomal cloning experiments. These were shown to be functional in vivo, and their sequences were determined. Each region expressed different amounts of Cat protein as determined by enzyme activities. One region, STP10, was found to contain the 5′ coding region of the large ribosomal subunit protein L20.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Genetic and biochemical analysis of exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in lactic acid bacteria has been a growing field of interest in the food industry. We previously identified and characterized a gene cluster composed of 13 genes (epsA to epsM ) responsible for EPS production in Streptococcus thermophilus Sfi6. Here we report one further gene, pbp2b, that is connected to EPS production. Mutants with a gene disruption in pbp2b were no longer able to produce EPS, exhibited a reduced growth-rate, and their cell morphology was altered. The predicted gene product showed significant homology to the class B penicillin-binding proteins 2b of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. Upstream of pbp2b, we further identified two genes which showed significant homology to the E. colifolD and urf1′, which is an unidentified open reading frame presumed to be involved in DNA repair. Downstream of pbp2b, we identified a gene that showed homology to the Bacillus subtilis and the Escherichia colirecM or recR which, respectively, are involved in the methyl-dependent DNA mismatch repair. In S. thermophilus, pbp2b and recM were transcribed from their own promoters as monocistronic mRNAs and are therefore organized as independent transcriptional units.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 490-496 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: multifactorial optimization ; bacterial transformation ; electroporation ; Streptococcus thermophilus ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multifactorial process was used to optimize transformation of Streptococcus thermophilus by electroporation. Simple experimental designs were applied to study three, four, or five factors in eight experiments. Four qualitative factors, growth and recovering media, and plasmid and bacterial strains, were studied empirically. Eight quantitative factors, including electrical, physiological, and chemical parameters, were studied by fractional factorial designs. Effects of individual parameters as well as interactions between them were investigated and optimized. Optimization was performed for one S. thermophilus strain, ST11, and proved to work for all other tested strains of the same species. Transformation efficiencies of 9 × 102 to 6 × 105 transformants per microgram DNA were achieved, depending on the strains and vectors used. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The prokaryotic mobile genetic element IS903.B is an active variant of IS903. It differs from IS903 and IS102 by 34 and 61 nucleotide substitutions, respectively. The large open reading frame (ORFI) which probably encodes the transposase is conserved in all three IS elements, whereas the smaller open reading frame (ORFII), which codes on the opposite DNA strand and entirely overlaps ORFI, contains an amber stop codon past the middle of ORFII in IS903. B. Experiments using Escherichia coli K12 strains permissive or non-permissive for amber mutations revealed no difference in the cointegration frequency mediated by IS903. B. Therefore, a possible peptide encoded by ORFII on the IS903-related element is unlikely to be necessary for transposition.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Lactobacillus bulgaricus ; Reversion of a deletion ; Internal duplication in a gene ; Direct repeats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Several spontaneous Lac− deletion derivatives of the β-galactosidase gene ofLactobacillus bulgaricus were analyzed for their phenotypic stability. We found that one of these mutants,lac139, carrying a deletion of 30 by within the gene, was able to revert to a Lac+ phenotype. Genetical analysis of revertants indicated that an internal region of 72 by was duplicated immediately next to the deletion site. The region involved in the duplication event is flanked by direct repeated sequences of 13 by in length. Both events, the deletion and the duplication, were mediated by the presence of such short direct repeats. Enzymatic studies of the purified proteins indicated identical kinetic parameters, but showed considerable instability of the revertant protein.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 198 (1984), S. 84-89 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary IS26L and IS26R are the 820 bp long elements found as direct repeats at both ends of the kanamycin resistance transposon Tn2680. They can mediate cointegration in E. coli K12 which contains no IS26 in its chromosome. Cointegration occurs in rec + or recA - strains with similar frequency. Upon cointegration mediated by either IS26R or IS26L, the element is duplicated and integrated into one of many different sites. Both IS26L and IS26R carry 14 bp perfect terminal inverted repeats and generate 8 bp direct repeats at their target sequences. Deletion formation mediated by IS26R was also observed. These functional and structural features of IS26 are characteristic of a prokaryotic mobile genetic element.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 201 (1985), S. 198-203 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The 820-bp mobile genetic element IS26 loses its ability to promote transpositional cointegration (1) by short deletions near the middle of the element causing shifts in both reading frames ORFI (left to right) and ORFII (right to left) and (2) by deletions causing substitutions of the C-terminus of ORFI but not affecting ORFII. The 702-bp ORFI is thus likely to code for the IS26 transposase. An 82-bp long sequence from the left end of IS26 contains a promoter-like structure in front of the start of ORFI at coordinate 64. In appropriately constructed plasmids, this sequence promotes the expression of the galK structural gene. The observation provides additional evidence for the functional relevance of ORFI. Neither the presence nor the absence of an intact IS26 element on the same plasmid affects measurably the degree of the galK gene expression by the IS26 promoter. Sequence comparison of 14 independent integration sites of IS26 and its relatives reveals no striking rules for target selection by the element, and the distrubtion of integration sites of IS26 on small multicopy plasmids is nearly random and independent of the local AT-content.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 245 (1994), S. 334-338 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: ISL2 ; Insertion sequence ; Transposition β-galactosidase ; Lactobacillus helveticus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous, phenotypically stable mutations at the β-galactosidase locus (lacL-lacM) in Lactobacillus helveticus were identified and analyzed. We found that a significant number of mutations were caused by integration of a new IS element, ISL2, into these lac genes. ISL2 is 858 by long, flanked by 16-bp perfect inverted repeats and generates 3-bp target duplications upon insertion. It contains one open reading frame, which shows significant homology (40.1 % identity) to the putative transposase of IS702 from Cyanobacterium calothrix. ISL2 is present in 4–21 copies in the L. helveticus genome, but it is not found in other lactic acid bacteria. Its divergence in copy number and genomic locations in different L. helveticus strains makes it useful as a tool for strain identification by genetic fingerprinting.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1990-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0723-2020
    Electronic ISSN: 1618-0984
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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