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  • 1
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    IEEE
    In:  [Paper] In: OCEANS 2018 MTS/IEEE Charleston, 22.-25.10.2018, Charleston, USA . OCEANS 2018 MTS/IEEE Charleston ; Article number 8604491 .
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Modern technology like cell phones, wind power plants or electric cars require resources such as certain metals or rare earth elements with limited deposits on land, or expensive or difficult to obtain. Consequently, resources in the oceans like polymetallic nodules, massive sulfides and cobalt crusts are becoming more and more interesting for mining companies. Since mining in the deep sea needs careful consideration and mapping of the concerned locations, might require ecological compensation areas, and is a huge endeavor with enormous costs, logistics and machinery, detailed exploration and spatial planning, resource quantification and environment mapping are inevitable steps early in the process. While traditionally, experts performed several manual steps of map creation, interpretation, target localization, sampling and resource estimation, this paper describes a new pipeline for manganese nodule detection combining acoustic and visual information, that is ultimately intended to run automatically on an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) without any user interaction.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Springer
    In:  In: Pattern Recognition: 41st DAGM German Conference, DAGM GCPR 2019, Dortmund, Germany, September 10–13, 2019, Proceedings. , ed. by Fink, G. A., Frintrop, S. and Jiang, X. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 11824 . Springer, Cham, pp. 79-92. ISBN 978-3-030-33676-9
    Publication Date: 2020-02-26
    Description: Dome ports act as spherical windows in underwater housings through which a camera can observe objects in the water. As compared to flat glass interfaces, they do not limit the field of view, and they do not cause refraction of light observed by a pinhole camera positioned exactly in the center of the dome. Mechanically adjusting a real lens to this position is a challenging task, in particular for those integrated in deep sea housings. In this contribution a mechanical adjustment procedure based on straight line observations above and below water is proposed that allows for accurate alignments. Additionally, we show a chessboard-based method employing an underwater/above-water image pair to estimate potentially remaining offsets from the dome center to allow refraction correction in photogrammetric applications. Besides providing intuition about the severity of refraction in certain settings, we demonstrate the methods on real data for acrylic and glass domes in the water.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The AUV Abyss post-processing workflow is published as Jupyter Notebooks complementing the IEEE OES AUV 2018 conference contribution "AUV Abyss workflow: autonomous deep sea exploration for ocean research" (Klischies et al., 2018). The publication explains the application and use of these Notebooks in detail. The purpose of the Juypter Notebooks is to share, adapt, execute and document post- processing of AUV Abyss MBES data.
    Type: Software , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: archive
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-01-31
    Description: Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with multibeam echosounders (MBES) are essential for collecting high-resolution bathymetric data in the deep sea. Navigation of AUVs and accuracy of acquired MBES data is challenging, especially in deep water or rough terrain. Here, we present the AUV Abyss operational workflow that uses mission planning together with a long baseline (LBL) positioning network, and systematic post-processing of the MBES data using feature matching. The workflow enables autonomous exploration even in difficult terrain, makes ultrashort baseline navigation during the AUV survey obsolete and with this, increases the efficiency of ship time. It provides an efficient workflow for multi-survey mapping campaigns to produce high-resolution, large-coverage seafloor maps. Automated documentation of post-processing steps enhances the archiving of produced results, facilitates knowledge transfer, adaptation to other systems and management of large datasets. Comprehensive documentation allows developing routines that provide a first step towards automatization of AUV operations and MBES data processing.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-01-31
    Description: Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with multibeam echosounders (MBES) are essential for collecting high-resolution bathymetric data in the deep sea. Navigation of AUVs and accuracy of acquired MBES data is challenging, especially in deep water or rough terrain. Here, we present the AUV Abyss operational workflow that uses mission planning together with a long baseline (LBL) positioning network, and systematic post-processing of the MBES data using feature matching. The workflow enables autonomous exploration even in difficult terrain, makes ultrashort baseline navigation during the AUV survey obsolete and with this, increases the efficiency of ship time. It provides an efficient workflow for multi-survey mapping campaigns to produce high-resolution, large-coverage seafloor maps. Automated documentation of post-processing steps enhances the archiving of produced results, facilitates knowledge transfer, adaptation to other systems and management of large datasets. Comprehensive documentation allows developing routines that provide a first step towards automatization of AUV operations and MBES data processing.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 6
  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Ocean science and hydroacoustic seafloor mapping rely on accurate navigation underwater. By exploiting terrain information provided by a multibeam echosounder system, it is possible to significantly improve map quality. This article presents an algorithm capable of improving map quality and accuracy by aligning consecutive pings to tiles that are matched pairwise. A globally consistent solution is calculated from these matches. The proposed method has the potential to be used online in addition to other navigation solutions, but is mainly targeted for post processing. The algorithm was tested using different parameter settings on an AUV and a ship-based dataset. The ship-based dataset is publicly available as a benchmark. The original accurate navigation serving as a ground truth, alongside trajectories that include an artificial drift, are available. This allows quantitative comparisons between algorithms and parameter settings.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Highlights • The Digital Earth Viewer is an open-source (EUPL-licensed) hybrid application (desktop and server use) for the realtime visualisation and exploration of 4D geoscientific data. • Splitting the viewer into a natively compiled server-component optimized for maximum throughput and a web-technology-based client component geared towards maximum compatibility allows to harness the strengths of both platforms. • Desktop builds are release for Windows, Linux, and MacOS. • The Digital Earth Viewer has been used productively on expedition cruises to plan underwater exploration missions as all as a presentation and data validation tool by the GLODA-project. Abstract A comprehensive study of the Earth System and its different environments requires understanding of multi-dimensional data acquired with a multitude of different sensors or produced by various models. Here we present a component-wise scalable web-based framework for simultaneous visualisation of multiple data sources. It helps contextualise mixed observation and simulation data in time and space. This work is an extended version of the conference paper (Buck et al., 2021).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Upper-ocean velocities along the cruise track of Maria S. Merian cruise MSM96 were continuously collected by a vessel-mounted Teledyne RD Instruments 38 kHz Ocean Surveyor ADCP. The transducer was located at 6.5 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in narrowband mode with 32 m bins and a blanking distance of 16.0 m, while 50 bins were recorded using a pulse of 2.87 s. The ship's velocity was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Heading, pitch and roll data from the ship's gyro platforms and the navigation data were used by the data acquisition software VmDas internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes and the ship's heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with the ship's centerline. The average interval was set to 60 s. Data post-processing included water track calibration of the misalignment angle (0.44° +/- 0.8536°) and scale factor (1.0015 +/- 0.0180) of the Ocean Surveyor signal.
    Keywords: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; ADCP; Calculated; Current velocity, east-west; Current velocity, north-south; DAM_Underway; DAM Underway Research Data; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Echo intensity, relative; GPF 20‐3_088; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Maria S. Merian; MSM96; MSM96_0_Underway-4; Pings, averaged to a double ensemble value; Quality flag, current velocity; South Atlantic Ocean; Vessel mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler [38 kHz]; VMADCP-38
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8074600 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Upper-ocean velocities along the cruise track of Maria S. Merian cruise MSM96 were continuously collected by a vessel-mounted Teledyne RD Instruments 75 kHz Ocean Surveyor ADCP. The transducer was located at 6.5 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in narrowband mode with 8 m bins and a blanking distance of 4.0 m, while 100 bins were recorded using a pulse of 1.43 s. The ship's velocity was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Heading, pitch and roll data from the ship's gyro platforms and the navigation data were used by the data acquisition software VmDas internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes and the ship's heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with the ship's centerline. The average interval was set to 60 s. Data post-processing included water track calibration of the misalignment angle (-47.18° +/- 0.7276°) and scale factor (1.0064 +/- 0.0121) of the Ocean Surveyor signal.
    Keywords: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; ADCP; Calculated; Current velocity, east-west; Current velocity, north-south; DAM_Underway; DAM Underway Research Data; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Echo intensity, relative; GPF 20‐3_088; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Maria S. Merian; MSM96; MSM96_0_Underway-4; Pings, averaged to a double ensemble value; Quality flag, current velocity; South Atlantic Ocean; Vessel mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, RDI Ocean Surveyor, 75 kHz
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 17331215 data points
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