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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is found that 0.1 V-order threshold voltage shift (Vth shift) takes place in polycrystalline-silicon thin film transistors during negative-bias temperature stress (−BT stress), while the Vth shift in the case of positive-bias temperature stress is negligibly small. The Vth shift caused by −BT stress has an exponential dependence on the stress gate bias and reciprocal of temperature. Moreover, it also has a close relation with the grain size of poly-Si films and the hydrogenation process. However, it is independent of the gate insulator materials. Some models previously proposed for amorphous silicon TFTs could not explain these results. A new model is proposed based on a reaction between hydrogen and the SiO2 network at and near the poly-Si/SiO2 interface to clarify the mechanism and for consistent interpretation of the experimental results. Furthermore, the model has been verified qualitatively. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 48 (1967), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 22 (1976), S. 397-402 
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Microelectronic Engineering 4 (1986), S. 107-120 
    ISSN: 0167-9317
    Keywords: Electron beam testing ; focused ion beam ; irradiation effects ; passivation film ; voltage waveform
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 9 (1967), S. 432-434 
    ISSN: 0022-2011
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Biology International Reports 7 (1983), S. 1057-1062 
    ISSN: 0309-1651
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 17 (1974), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un facteur efficace pour la production d'adultes brachyptères chez Laodelphax striatellus a été recherché en comparant une nourriture sur laquelle des adultes brachyptères se développent parfois et une nourriture sur laquelle ils ne se développent jamais. En substituant les constituants spécifiques de cette dernière par ceux de la première ou en variant les concentrations de certains des constituants de la dernière on a montré que la production d'adultes brachyptères varie avec la concentration d'une vitamine, l'acide folique. Ceux-ci sont produits seulement lorsque l'alimentation contient de l'acide folique à des concentrations comprises entre 0,5 mg/l et 7,5 mg/l.
    Notes: Abstract A factor effecting the production of brachypterous adults in Laodelphax striatellus was studied by comparing a diet on which brachypterous adults sometimes developed and a diet on which they never developed. By substituting components distinctive of the latter diet into the former, or by varying the concentration of certain components of the latter diet, the production of brachypterous adults was found to vary with the concentration of a vitamin, folic acid. Brachypterous adults were produced only when the diet contained folic acid at concentrations between 0.5 mg/l and 7.5 mg/l.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 14 (1971), S. 93-98 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La Cicadelle Laodelphax striatellus a pu être élevée pendant huit générations successives sur un aliment synthétique de composition chimique connue, dérivé de deux utilisés par divers auterus pour des Aphides. On note un allongement de la durée de développement de chaque stade larvaire, bien qu'après la 4ème génération cette durée diminue, tout en restant plus grande que pour les témoins. Les adultes obtenus ne présentent pas de différence de taille par rapport aux témoins, mais on remarque qu'ils sont tous du type macroptère, alors que quelques brachyptères apparaissent toujours dans les élevages sur pousses de riz, particularité déjà signalée à propos d'Aphides. La mortalité larvaire sur milieu alimentaire synthétique est élevée, mais le pourcentage de survie s'améliore de génération en génération pour égaler ou même surpasser celle des témoins à la 8ème génération. La fertilité des femelles élevées sur aliment synthétique est considérablement amoindrie. D'autres Homoptères, Delphacidae et Deltocephalidae ont été élevés sur ce même milieu de l'éclosion jusqu'au stade adulte.
    Notes: Abstract Planthoppers and leafhoppers (Delphacidae and Deltocephalidae) were reared on a holidic diet for eight generations. On the holidic diet, nymphal stages were prolonged, but they became shorter after the fourth generation. The resulting adults showed no difference in sizes compared with the controls. The survival of nymphs was improved after the third and subsequent generations.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 13 (1970), S. 467-473 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unterschiede in der Sensitivität gegen Rotenon wurden an zehn verschiedenen Klonen der Zellen von Antheraea eucalypti demonstriert. Keine Unterschiede in den Respirationsraten wiesen Zellen von dem am Rotenon-wiederstandsfähigsten Klon, von einem Klon mit mittlerer Wiederstandsfähigkeit, und von einem Klon mit der geringsten Rotenon-Wiederstandsfähigkeit auf, wenn sie sich im Kontrollmedium befanden. Doch war in dem sensitivsten Klon die Depression in der Respirationsrate durch Rotenon bedeutend grösser als in den anderen Klonen. Bei niedrigen Konzentrationen erholten sich die Rotenon-intoxizierten Zellen wenn sie in das normale Medium zurückgebracht wurden, und in einigen Fällen zeigten sie sogar eine beschleunigte Zellteilung. Eine Zell-Linie wurde schliesslich leicht wiederstandsfähig gegen Rotenon wenn sie wiederholt bald dem Rotenon, bald dem Kontrollmedium ausgesetzt wurde. Eine leicht Rotenon-wiederstandsfähige Zell-Gattung wurde ebenfalls erhalten, wenn man etwa 40 Generationen dauernd niedrigen Konzentrationen von Rotenon aussetzte.
    Notes: Abstract Differences in sensitivity to rotenone were demonstrated between ten different clones of Antheraea eucalypti cells. There were no differences in respiration rates, when in the control medium, of cells from the clone which was the least susceptible to rotenone, a clone which was intermediate in its susceptibility, and the most rotenone-susceptible clone. However the depression in respiration rate by rotenone was significantly greater in the most sensitive clone than in the other clones. At lower concentrations the rotenone-intoxicated cells recovered when returned to normal medium and in some instances exhibited accelerated cell division. By repeated exposure to rotenone and then to control medium, a cell line eventually became slightly rotenone-resistant. A slightly rotenone-resistant cell strain was also obtained after about forty generations of continuous exposure to low concentrations of rotenone.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 13 (1970), S. 327-341 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verdünnungsserien von 20 Insektiziden wurden auf ihren Effekt auf das Wachstum von in vitro kultivierten Insektenzellen untersucht. Die untersuchten Zellen stammten aus Kulturen von Ovariolen von Antheraea eucalypti-Puppen und von Gewebe von Aedes aegypti-Larven. Rotenon erwies sich als das wirksamste Insektizid: es verlangsamte die Zellteilung in einer Konzentration von 0.001 μg/ml. Malathion wurde erst in einer Konzentration von 12 μg/ml wirksam, Diazinon bei 112 μg/ml. Mehrere Insektizide zeigten erste Wirksamkeit bei 10 μg/ml; diese waren: pp′-DDT, pp′-DDD, pp′-DDE, Methoxychlor, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Pyrethrine, Allethrin und Natriumarsenat. Insektizide mit einer ersten Wirksamkeit bei 100 μg/ml waren Lindan, Isolan, Dimetilan, Carbaryl, DNOC und Piperonylbutoxid. Nikotinsulfat war erst bei 1 mg/ml oder bei höheren Konzentrationen wirksam. Zwischen den Antheraea- und Aedes-Zellen wurde kein Unterschied in der Empfindlichkeit gegen die verschiedenen Insektizide gefunden. Bei niedrigen Konzentrationen zeigten Malathion und Natriumarsenat erst nach dem 4. Tag bedeutendere Effekte. Ein schwacher synergistischer Effekt wurde beim Mischen von Pyrethrinen mit Piperonylbutoxid in niedrigen Konzentrationen beobachtet, nicht aber bei hohen Konzentrationen. Bei der Mehrzahl (17 von 19) der Insektizide waren die Zellen in 10 bis 10.000 mal höheren Insektizid-Konzentrationen zu überleben fähig als A. aegypti-Larven im letzten Stadium. Rotenon war das einzige Insektizid, dessen Toxizität auf Zellen stärker war (10.000 Mal) als auf intakte Larven.
    Notes: Abstract Serial dilutions of 20 insecticides were examined for their effects on the growth of insect cells cultivated in vitro. No differences in susceptibility were found for cells derived from the moth Antheraea eucalypti and the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Rotenone was the most effective inhibitor investigated, decreasing the rate of cell division at 0.001 μg/ml. Malathion and diazinon first showed effects at 12 μg and 112μ/ml respectively. Toxicants first effective at 10 μg/ml included pp′-DDT, dieldrin, pyrethrins and sodium arsenate; at 100 μg/ml they included lindane and carbaryl; at 1000 μg/ml only nicotine sulphate. The majority of insecticides tested (principal exception rotenone) were very much more toxic to last instar A. aegypti larvae than to the insect cells, suggesting that the functions of highly organized tissues are more readily interfered with than those of individual cell types comprising them.
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