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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation in Lilium Bulbscales Grown in vitro. Effect of Various Cultural Conditions (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 46 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Tissue cultures of Lilium auratum Lindl. and L. speciosum Thunb., which were derived from bulbscales, all appeared to differentiate organs. The effect of cultural conditions on the differentiation of bulblets and roots was examined.The best material for bulblet formation was bulbscales of intact or in vitro produced bulblets. The optimum temperature was 20°C and optimum pH was 6. Effect of irradiance on organ formation was not obvious but leaf emergence was stimulated.Higher kinetin concentrations stimulate the formation of numerous bulbscalcs. High NAA concentrations induce roots. On the other hand kinetin inhibits the NAA effect on root formation. A high sucrose concentration stimulated organ formation, but the number of bulblets was at a constant level in the medium containing between 10 and 90 g/l of sucrose. The formation of bulblets and their growth were stimulated at increasing strength of Murashige-Skoog's (MS) medium, but the length of roots was inhibited. Inter action of strength of MS medium and sucrose concentration was examined. High concentration of both components stimulated bulb lei growth, but the second strength of MS medium containing 90 or 120 g/l sucrose stimulated callus induction and inhibited the growth of bulblets.Maximum growth took 100 days for bulblets and about 50 days for roots. The change of fresh weight/dry weight ratio during differentiation is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1979.tb06555.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation in Lilium bulbscales grown in vitro. Effects of activated charcoal, physiological age of bulbs and sucrose concentration on differentiation and scale leaf formation in vitro (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 48 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Organ differentiation and growth of tissue cultured bulbscales of Lilium auratum Lindl. was investigated. Benzyladenine stimulated bulb and bulbscale differentiation but inhibited root formation. Addition of activated charcoal to the medium negated the effect of BA on differentiation, while the growth of bulbs was markedly stimulated. Organ formation was also influenced by the physiological age of bulbs. From bulbscales of a 3-week-old bulb, a large number of bulbs and roots was formed but callus was not produced.A high sucrose concentration (90 g/1) reduced the subsequent sprouting after planting in soil. Scale leaf formation was also regulated. Sucrose (30 g/1) stimulated scale leaf formation but 90 g/1 were inhibitory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1980.tb03229.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Cullural Conditions on the Growth of Agrostemma githago Cells in Suspension Culture and the Concomitant Production of an Anti-Plant Virus Substance (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 41 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An extract of cultured Agroxieinma githago L. cells was found to show potent inhibitory activity against plans virus infection. The effects of cultural conditions on the growth of the cell suspension and on the production of the inhibitor were examined. Since the production of substance was dependent on growth. experiments were made to improve growth. The optimum temperature was 26 to 30°C and optimum pH of the medium before autoclaving was between 5 and 7. In a medium of higher osmotic pressure, the water content of the cultured cells was lowered markedly. The growth rate in a small volume of the medium was higher than that in a larger volume at an early stage of the cultivation, but it was not changed by different inoculum sizes.The cells required thiamine and 2,4-D for growth but no other vitamins or growth regulators. The optimum level of 2,4-D was 0.1 mg/l.Higher sucrose concentration in the medium gave higher production of cell mass and of the inhibitor. However, 3% of sucrose was selected as the most economical concentration. For normal cell growth, the presence of both NH4NO3 and KNO3 as nitrogen sources was required. The use of a single nitrogen source caused a long lag period or inhibition of the cell growth. KH2PO4 stimulated the growth when in was used in the level of 2.5 to 5 mM.The cell adhesion on the surface of the fermentor sometimes causes trouble in a large-scale cultivation. It was found that reducing the Ca2+ level in the medium prevented the cell adhesion and foaming remarkably.Based on the results obtained, a modified medium was established which was excellent for shortening the culture period and for efficient production of the anti-plant virus inhibitor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1977.tb04889.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of glycerol, polyethylene glycol and glutaraldehyde on stability of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in yeast (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 2 (1987), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: trans-Cinnamic acid conversion ; Phenylalanine production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The polyhydric alcohols, glycerol and sorbitol, significantly increased the rate ofl-phenylalanine production from trans-cinnamic acid using whole cells ofRhodotorula rubra. Chloride ions and oxygen prevented the stimulatory effect of the polyhydric alcohols. Furthermore, the severe inhibition, of the biotransformation by high trans-cinnamic acid concentrations was alleviated in the presence of glycerol, and sorbitol. The rate of conversion could be manipulated still further, even with high trnas-cinnamic acid concentrations, by elevating the reaction pH to, 12 in the presence of polyhydric alcohol. When cells were also treated first with glutaradehyde (0.1% v/v) and then polyethylene glycol (15% v/v), although neither compound stimulated the actual rate of bioconversion, the reaction was markedly stabilised and gave a 73% yield after 28 days of continuous operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569406
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel, Efficient Biotransformation for the Production of L –Phenylalanine (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 5 (1987), S. 818-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] We report the isolation of a Corynebacterium equi strain that produces more than 33 g/l of L–phenylalanine from α–acetamidocinnamic acid in molar yields greater than 99% using immobilised whole cells. The metabolic pathway, by which the cells carry out the conversion, contains an ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0887-818
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific alpha-cyclodextrin production by a novel thermostable cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (1988)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 28 (1988), S. 377-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A novel bacterial isolate, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain AL 35, produced high yields of a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGT'ase) when grown in a submerged culture. The stability of CGT'ase to high temperature and alkaline pH enabled processing for cyclodextrin production to be carried out at 60° C and pH 9.0. Crude culture filtrates containing the CGT'ase could convert gelatinized starch substrates to predominatly α-cyclodextrins (up to 95% of the total cyclodextrin yields).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268199
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel stabilization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase catalyst during bioconversion of trans-cinnamic acid to l-phenylalanine (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 25 (1987), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Production of l-phenylalanine from trans-cinnamic acid using isolate SPA10 cells was reduced to 26% of that observed initially when cells were reacted a second time with fresh substrate mixture. The stability (reuseability) of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) containing cells was significantly influenced by both the trans-cinnamate concentration and initial reaction pH. Using 2% t-cinnamate, l-phenylalanine production was 7-fold greater after 3 successive runs at pH 9.0 than at the optimum of pH 10.2. Cells reacted in the presence of 5% t-cinnamate were relatively unstable. Permeabilising agents, such as toluene and xylene, stimulated l-phenylalanine production but also enhanced instability of the catalyst. Several effectors were shown to stimulate the initial rate of the PAL bioconversion, but only sorbitol, alginate, glutaraldehyde, polyethylene glycol and glycerol conferred any significant degree of stability. Sparging of cultures and bioreactors with various gases revealed that oxygen enhanced PAL inactivation, CO2 had little effect and nitrogen conferred remarkable stability on PAL activity for several weeks in culture medium. The presence of chloride ions (from HCl) and aeration of substrate mixtures resulted in poor reuseability of catalyst. A combination of H2SO4 substitution for HCl and N2-sparging resulted in excellent initial conversions and good catalyst stability at 26°C but less at 30°C. The inclusion of 1.5 M sorbitol in reaction mixtures maintained PAL stability over several successive incubations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL): isolation and evaluation of yeast strains suitable for commercial production of l-phenylalanine (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 25 (1987), S. 406-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) containing microorganisms were isolated from a wide variety of natural habitats. The best 21 strains to emerge from the primary screen were screened for PAL activities in both directions using l-phenylalanine and t-cinnamate substrates. Twelve of the latter strains were compared for total cell production and PAL activity and 7 isolates were chosen for examination of the extent of PAL induction in various media. On the basis of these screens, isolate SPA 10 (identified as Rhodotorula rubra) was selected for further optimization. Growth was optimal at 28° C and pH 5.0, although cellular PAL activity was shown to be higher at sub-optimal temperatures (36° C) and pH (8.0) for growth. Synthesis of PAL was repressed when grown in the presence of various sugars and NH 4 + ions. Manipulation of fermentation conditions enabled PAL synthesis to occur at maximum biomass levels, upon glucose exhaustion. PAL was rapidly inactivated within cells shortly after maximum synthesis was attained: feeding of d,l-isoleucine and low concentrations of d,l-phenylalanine, and shifting of fermentation temperature conferred catalyst stability for fermentations over 100 h. These results demonstrate the suitability and superiority of isolate SPA 10 for the commercial production of l-phenylalanine from trans-cinnamic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformation of phenylpyruvic acid to l-phenylalanine using a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 11250 with high transaminase activity (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 26 (1987), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The rate of l-phenylalanine production from phenylpyruvic acid by whole cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain ATCC 11250 was greater than 3 g·l-1 h-1. Synthesis of transaminase was constitutive but activity was greatest in medium containing d- or l- phenylalanine as sole nitrogen source. Maximum conversion was observed at 34–40° C and at alkaline pH, with over six times initial rate of conversion at pH 12 than at pH 5. The optimum catalyst (cell) concentration was between 10–20 mg ml-1 dry weight. The initial rate of conversion was directly proportional to phenylpyruvate concentration, up to 4%, but the conversion yield steadily decreased between 2% and 4% substrate concentration. The rate of conversion, as expected, increased as the concentration of glutamate increased. Whole cells were still capable of over 63% conversion after 40 days providing reactions were supplemented with pyridoxal phosphate. Immobilisation of cells in calcium alginate and operation of a packed bed bioreactor enabled the continuous production of l-phenylalanine in concentrations greater than 15 g·l-1 after 60 days operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256659
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of a plasmin inhibitory substance by Scopolia japonica suspension cultures (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A potent inhibitory agent against human plasmin, fibrinolytic proteinase, has been found in the extracts of callus tissue of Scopolia japonica. Effects of cultural conditions on cell growth and production of the plasmin inhibitory substance by this cell line in suspension cultures were examined in MurashigeSkoog's medium. More than l.5 mg of the inhibitor, as t-amino cyclohexane carboxylic acid, a synthetic plasmin inhibitor, were observed to accumulate per ml of medium containing 0.83 g of NH4NO3 and 7.6 g of KNO3 per liter as well as suitable levels of growth hormones.Addiction of antibiotics and deformers were examined in preliminary tests for large scale cultivation. Semicontinuous culture on a small scale in a glass cylinder, was also tested and growth rate of 1.29 g/liter/day (by dry wt) was obtained. Plasmin inhibitory activities in the extracts of the results intact plant and in cultured cells of S. japonica were compared and the results indicated that cell suspension culture was superior to extraction the natural plant for inhibitor production.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170302
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