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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon balance and radiative forcing of Finnish peatlands 1900–2100 – the impact of forestry drainage (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 8 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Natural peatlands accumulate carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). They affect the global climate by binding carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing methane (CH4) to the atmosphere; in contrast fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) in natural peatlands are insignificant. Changes in drainage associated with forestry alter these greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and thus the radiative forcing (RF) of peatlands. In this paper, changes in peat and tree stand C stores, GHG fluxes and the consequent RF of Finnish undisturbed and forestry-drained peatlands are estimated for 1900–2100. The C store in peat is estimated at 5.5 Pg in 1950. The rate of C sequestration into peat has increased from 2.2 Tg a--1 in 1900, when all peatlands were undrained, to 3.6 Tg a--1 at present, when c. 60% of peatlands have been drained for forestry. The C store in tree stands has increased from 60 to 170 Tg during the 20th century. Methane emissions have decreased from an estimated 1.0–0.5 Tg CH4--C a--1, while those of N2O have increased from 0.0003 to 0.005 Tg N2O--N a--1. The altered exchange rates of GHG gases since 1900 have decreased the RF of peatlands in Finland by about 3 mW m--2 from the predrainage situation. This result contradicts the common hypothesis that drainage results in increased C emissions and therefore increased RF of peatlands. The negative radiative forcing due to drainage is caused by increases in CO2 sequestration in peat (--0.5 mW m--2), tree stands and wood products (--0.8 mW m--2), decreases in CH4 emissions from peat to the atmosphere (--1.6 mW m--2), and only a small increase in N2O emissions (+0.1 mW m--2). Although the calculations presented include many uncertainties, the above results are considered qualitatively reliable and may be expected to be valid also for Scandinavian countries and Russia, where most forestry-drained peatlands occur outside Finland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00504.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-drainage changes in vegetation composition and carbon balance in Lakkasuo mire, Central Finland (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 207 (1998), S. 107-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon balance ; forest drainage ; ground vegetation ; peatland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The post-drainage changes in vegetation composition and carbon balance were studied on four site types (from minero- to ombrotrophic conditions) in Lakkasuo mire, central Finland, by directly comparing undrained and drained parts (30 years ago) of the mire. Drainage had drastically changed the species composition of the sites, especially at the minerotrophic sites, where almost all Sphagna had been replaced by forest mosses. On the ombrotrophic sites much of the mire vegetation still remained 30 years after drainage. Drainage had decreased the C stores in ground vegetation on the minerotrophic sites but increased them on the ombrotrophic sites. The changes were, however, very small compared to the changes in the tree stand, where the C stores had increased at all sites (increasing with nutrient level). The change in peat C balance over the 30-year post-drainage period was negative on the most nutrient-rich site, and positive on the others, increasing with lower nutrient levels. The decrease in the peat C balance on the most nutrient-rich site was compensated by the greater increase in the tree stand C stores and the changes in the total C balance (peat+tree stand+ground vegetation) remained positive on all sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004466330076
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Fine-root biomass, fine-root production and environmental variables in four forested site types under undrained and drained conditions in Lakkasuo peatland, Southern Finland (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: We estimated fine-root biomass (FRB) and production (FRP) and their depth distribution and plant functional type (PFT) composition in four forested boreal peatland site types that varied in soil nutrient and water-table level regimes, ground vegetation and tree stand characteristics. Two were pine-dominated nutrient-poor sites (dwarf-shrub pine bog, tall-sedge pine fen) and two spruce-dominated nutrient-rich sites (Vaccinium myrtillus spruce swamp, herb-rich hardwood-spruce swamp). Measurements were done in two sites per site type: one undrained site and one site that had been drained for forestry. In each of the eight sites, we established three measurement plots. FRB was estimated by separating and visually identifying roots from soil cores extending down to 50-cm depth. The cores were taken in late August, 2016. FRP was estimated using ingrowth cores covering the same depth, and the separated roots were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The ingrowth cores were incubated for two years, starting in November 2015 and ending in November 2017. Tree-stand basal area and stem volume per species, and projection cover of ground vegetation per species were determined in summer 2018. We monitored the soil water-table level and soil temperatures in 5 and 30 cm depths with dataloggers. Soil pH, bulk density, and carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, and copper concentrations were measured from peat cores extending down to 50-cm depth and taken simultaneously with the FRB cores. FRB, FRP and peat properties are presented for 10-cm depth segments. FRB, FRP and peat properties are presented for 10-cm depth segments. Peat cores were taken with a box-shaped 65 mm x 37 mm peat corer, except in the wet TP site where a 60 mm x 60 mm corer was used.
    Keywords: peatland drainage; Peatland Ecology; peatlands; root biomass; rooting depth; root production; soil temperature; vegetation; Water table depth
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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  • 4
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    Fine-root production in four forested site types under undrained and drained conditions in Lakkasuo peatland, Southern Finland (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Ingrowth cores were used according to Bhuiyan et al. (2017), and incubated for two years from November 2015 to November 2017. Roots were manually separated and identified to species group level with FTIR according to Straková et al. (2020). Drying temperature for roots was 40 °C.
    Keywords: Coniferophyta; Coniferophyta, root biomass production; DEPTH, soil; Depth, soil, maximum; Depth, soil, minimum; Forbs; Forbs, root biomass production; Graminoids; Graminoids, root biomass production; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; peatland drainage; Peatland Ecology; peatlands; Plot; Replicates; root biomass; Root biomass production, fine roots; rooting depth; root production; Shrubs and Birch; Shrubs and Birch, root biomass production; Site; soil temperature; Subplot; vegetation; Water table depth
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8194 data points
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  • 5
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    Soil water-table level in four forested site types under undrained and drained conditions in Lakkasuo peatland, Southern Finland (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Measurements between November 2015 - November 2017.
    Keywords: Odyssey Capacitance Water Level Logger; peatland drainage; Peatland Ecology; peatlands; Percentile 10; Percentile 25; Percentile 50; Percentile 75; Percentile 90; Plot; root biomass; rooting depth; root production; Site; soil temperature; vegetation; Water table depth; Water table level, maximum; Water table level, mean; Water table level, minimum; Water table level, range; Water table level, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 384 data points
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  • 6
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    Soil temperature in four forested site types under undrained and drained conditions in Lakkasuo peatland, Southern Finland (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Dataloggers: T: i-Button DS1921G, Maxim Integrated Products. Cumulative soil temperature sums were calculated from daily mean temperatures, using 5 °C as the threshold temperature. Measurements between November 2015 - November 2017.
    Keywords: Calculated; DEPTH, soil; peatland drainage; Peatland Ecology; peatlands; Plot; root biomass; rooting depth; root production; Site; soil temperature; Temperature, soil, cumulative; Temperature, soil, maximum; Temperature, soil, mean; Temperature, soil, median; Temperature, soil, minimum; Temperature, soil, range; Temperature, soil, standard deviation; vegetation; Water table depth
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 515 data points
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  • 7
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    Fine-root biomass in four forested site types under undrained and drained conditions in Lakkasuo peatland, Southern Finland (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-01
    Description: Peat cores were taken in late August, 2016, with a box-shaped 65 mm x 37 mm peat corer, except in the wet TP site where a 60 mm x 60 mm corer was used. Roots were manually separated and visually identified. Drying temperature for roots was 40 °C
    Keywords: Alnus, root biomass, dry mass; Andromeda polifolia, root biomass, dry mass; Betula nana, root biomass, dry mass; Betula pubescens, root biomass, dry mass; Carex sp., root biomass, dry mass; Core; CORE; DEPTH, soil; Depth, soil, maximum; Depth, soil, minimum; Dried and weighted; Empetrum nigrum, root biomass, dry mass; Equisetum fluviatile, root biomass, dry mass; Eriophorum vaginatum, root biomass, dry mass; Event label; Ferns, root biomass, dry mass; Finland_DP_1; Finland_DP_2; Finland_DP_3; Finland_DPdr_1; Finland_DPdr_2; Finland_DPdr_3; Finland_HS_1; Finland_HS_2; Finland_HS_3; Finland_HSdr_1; Finland_HSdr_2; Finland_HSdr_3; Finland_TP_1; Finland_TP_2; Finland_TP_3; Finland_TPdr_1; Finland_TPdr_2; Finland_TPdr_3; Finland_VS_1; Finland_VS_2; Finland_VS_3; Finland_VSdr_1; Finland_VSdr_2; Finland_VSdr_3; Forbs, root biomass, dry mass; Graminoids, root biomass, dry mass; Latitude of event; Ledum palustre, root biomass, dry mass; Longitude of event; Menyanthes trifoliata, root biomass, dry mass; Number; Oxalis acetosella, root biomass, dry mass; peatland drainage; Peatland Ecology; peatlands; Picea abies, root biomass, dry mass; Pinus sylvestris, root biomass, dry mass; Plot; root biomass; rooting depth; root production; Rubus chamaemorus, root biomass, dry mass; Shrubs, root biomass, dry mass; Site; soil temperature; Subplot; Vaccinium myrtillus, root biomass, dry mass; Vaccinium oxycoccos, root biomass, dry mass; Vaccinium uliginosum, root biomass, dry mass; Vaccinium vitis-idaea, root biomass, dry mass; vegetation; Water table depth
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15840 data points
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  • 8
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    Vegetation coverage from four boreal forested peatland site in Finland (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Ground vegetation cover analysis was done in summer 2018. Tree seedlings with a height less than 1.3 m were included.
    Keywords: Alnus glutinosa, cover; Andromeda polifolia, cover; Aulacomnium palustre; Betula nana, cover; Betula pubescens, cover; Calamagrostis arundinacea, cover; Calamagrostis purpurea, cover; Calla palustris, cover; Calluna vulgaris, cover; Carex canescens, cover; Carex disperma, cover; Carex echinata, cover; Carex globularis, cover; Carex lasiocarpa, cover; Carex nigra, cover; Carex pauciflora, cover; Carex paupercula, cover; Carex rostrata, cover; Carex sp., cover; Deschampsia flexuosa, cover; Dicranum sp.; Drosera rotundifolia, cover; Dryopteris carthusiana, cover; Empetrum nigrum, cover; Epilobium angustifolium, cover; Equisetum fluviatile, cover; Eriophorum vaginatum, cover; Forbs indeterminata, cover; Gymnocarpium dryopteris, cover; Hylocomium splendens; Ledum palustre, cover; Luzula pilosa, cover; Lycopodium annotinum, cover; Lysimachia thyrsiflora, cover; Maianthemum bifolium, cover; Menyanthes trifoliata, cover; Mosses, cover; Mosses indeterminata; Oxalis acetosella, cover; peatland drainage; Peatland Ecology; peatlands; Picea abies, cover; Plant species coverage: visual estimation; Pleurozium schreberi; Polytrichum sp.; root biomass; rooting depth; root production; Rubus chamaemorus, cover; Salix myrtilloides, cover; Site; soil temperature; Sorbus aucuparia, cover; Sphagnum angustifolium; Sphagnum centrale; Sphagnum divinum; Sphagnum fuscum; Sphagnum girgensohnii; Sphagnum magellanicum; Sphagnum medium; Sphagnum recurvum; Sphagnum russowii; Sphagnum squarrosum; Subplot; Trichophorum cespitosum, cover; Trientalis europaea, cover; Vaccinium oxycoccos, cover; Vaccinium uliginosum, cover; Vaccinium vitis-idaea, cover; vegetation; VID; Visual identification; Water table depth
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3780 data points
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  • 9
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    Soil properties in four forested site types under undrained and drained conditions in Lakkasuo peatland, Southern Finland (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Peat cores were taken in late August, 2016, with a box-shaped 65 mm x 37 mm peat corer, except in the wet TP site where a 60 mm x 60 mm corer was used. One core per plot = three cores per site were taken. The cores were divided into 10-cm segments from soil surface to 50 cm depth. Peat pH and bulk density were determined for each segment. For nutrient analyses, the segments representing the same depths from the 3 cores per site were combined and homogenized by milling. Drying temperature was 70 °C, and the dry matter content was estimated with a subsample dried at 105 °C.
    Keywords: Ash; Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS, Varian AA 240); Azomethine-H method (Shimadzu UV-2450); Boron; Calcium; Carbon; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbon and nitrogen and sulfur (CNS) element analyzer, Elementar, Vario MAX; Copper; Core; CORE; Density, dry bulk; Density, dry bulk, standard deviation; DEPTH, soil; Depth, soil, maximum; Depth, soil, minimum; Finland_DP_1; Finland_DP_2; Finland_DP_3; Finland_DPdr_1; Finland_DPdr_2; Finland_DPdr_3; Finland_HS_1; Finland_HS_2; Finland_HS_3; Finland_HSdr_1; Finland_HSdr_2; Finland_HSdr_3; Finland_TP_1; Finland_TP_2; Finland_TP_3; Finland_TPdr_1; Finland_TPdr_2; Finland_TPdr_3; Finland_VS_1; Finland_VS_2; Finland_VS_3; Finland_VSdr_1; Finland_VSdr_2; Finland_VSdr_3; Iron; Magnesium; Manganese; Molybdenum blue method (Shimadzu UV-2401 PC); Nitrogen; peatland drainage; Peatland Ecology; peatlands; pH; pH, standard deviation; pH meter (Radiometer PHM 82); Phosphorus; Potassium; root biomass; rooting depth; root production; Site; soil temperature; vegetation; Water table depth; Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 800 data points
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  • 10
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    Effect of forest drainage on the peat bulk density of pine mires in Finland (1998)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-01
    Description: Drainage of peatlands for forestry causes the water level to draw down, which results in subsidence of peat surface and increased peat bulk density (Db). Later on, an accelerated rate of organic matter decomposition and the pressure of the growing tree stand further compacts the peat. We measured the peat Db (0-80 cm) in 180 undrained and 209 drained (ca. 60-year-old) peatland sites representing three nutrient levels of pine fens and five macroclimatic regions from southern to northern Finland. Db was affected by climatic conditions, nutrient status, and the tree stand volume of the site. Db was significantly higher in drained than in undrained sites in all regions and site types: the mean (±SD) Db in the whole material was 82 ± 23 kg ·m-3 for the undrained sites and 133 ± 22 kg ·m-3 for the drained sites. The increase in Db was significant in all regions down to a depth of 60 cm and in southern Finland, even deeper than 80 cm. When the increase in carbon concentration was taken into consideration, the average postdrainage increase in the Db of the 0-80 cm layer equalled the amount of carbon in the 54-cm layer in average undrained peat. As the reported subsidences of peat surface in forest drainage areas in Finland are usually below this limit, the carbon storage of peat is likely to increase after drainage.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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