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Modern Ocean Floor Processes and the Geological Record (1998)

Geological Society (London, U.K.) ; Mills, Rachel A. ; Harrison, Keith

London : The Geological Society

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Keywords: Meeresgeologie ; Fundo oceânico ; Hidrotermalismo ; Hydrothermal deposits ; Marine biology ; Marine geophysics ; Ocean bottom ; Sea-floor spreading ; Submarine geology

Description / Table of Contents: Eulàlia Gràcia, Lindsay M. Parson, Daniel Bideau, and Roger Hekinian: Volcano-tectonic variability along segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between Azores platform and Hayes fracture zone: evidence from submersible and high-resolution sidescan sonar data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:1-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.01 --- J. S. Collier and S. C. Singh: A seismic inversion study of the axial magma chamber reflector beneath the East Pacific Rise near 10°N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:17-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.02 --- S. Allerton and C. J. Macleod: Fault-controlled magma transport through the mantle lithosphere at slow-spreading ridges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:29-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.03 --- Yildirim Dilek and Peter Thy: Structure, petrology and seafloor spreading tectonics of the Kizildag Ophiolite, Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:43-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.04 --- T. A. Minshull, M. R. Muller, C. J. Robinson, R. S. White, and M. J. Bickle: Is the oceanic Moho a serpentinization front? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:71-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.05 --- D. A. H. Teagle, J. C. Alt, and A. N. Halliday: Tracing the evolution of hydrothermal fluids in the upper oceanic crust: Sr-isotopic constraints from DSDP/ODP Holes 504B and 896A / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:81-97, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.06 --- A. G. Hunter and DP Leg 168 Scientific Party: Petrological investigations of low temperature hydrothermal alteration of the upper crust, Juan de Fuca Ridge, ODP Leg 168 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:99-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.07 --- M. J. Bickle, D. A. H. Teagle, J. Beynon, and H. J. Chapman: The structure and controls on fluid-rock interactions in ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: constraints from the Troodos ophiolite / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:127-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.08 --- D. M. Wells, R. A. Mills, and S. Roberts: Rare earth element mobility in a mineralized alteration pipe within the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:153-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.09 --- R. H. James, R. C. Duckworth, M. R. Palmer, and The ODP Leg 169 Shipboard Scientific Party: Drilling of sediment-hosted massive sulphide deposits at the Middle Valley and Escanaba Trough spreading centres: ODP Leg 169 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:177-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.10 --- H. C. Goulding, R. A. Mills, and R. W. Nesbitt: Precipitation of hydrothermal sediments on the active TAG mound: implications for ochre formation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:201-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.11 --- A. Robertson and P. Degnan: Significance of modern and ancient oceanic Mn-rich hydrothermal sediments, exemplified by Jurassic Mn-cherts from Southern Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:217-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.12 --- R. J. Herrington, V. V. Maslennikov, B. Spiro, V. V. Zaykov, and C. T. S. Little: Ancient vent chimney structures in the Silurian massive sulphides of the Urals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:241-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.13 --- C. T. S. Little, R. J. Herrington, V. V. Maslennikov, and V. V. Zaykov: The fossil record of hydrothermal vent communities / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:259-270, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.14 --- A. G. McArthur and V. Tunnicliffe: Relics and antiquity revisited in the modern vent fauna / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 148:271-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.148.01.15

Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 303 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

ISBN: 1862390231

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/148/1

Language: English

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(Table 1) Downcore age and bulk geochemistry of sediment core GS7202-35

Mills, Rachel ; Taylor, Sarah L ; Pälike, Heiko ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Mills, Rachel; Taylor, Sarah L; Pälike, Heiko; Thomson, John (2010): Hydrothermal sediments record changes in deep water oxygen content in the SE Pacific. Paleoceanography, 25(4), PA4226, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA001959

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Publication Date: 2023-05-12

Description: The distribution of redox-sensitive metals in sediments is potentially a proxy for past ocean ventilation and productivity, but deconvolving these two major controls has proved difficult to date. Here we present a 740 kyr long record of trace element concentrations from an archived sediment core collected at ~15°S on the western flank of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) on 1.1 Myr old crust and underlying the largest known hydrothermal plume in the world ocean. The downcore trace element distribution is controlled by a variable diagenetic overprint of the inferred primary hydrothermal plume input. Two main diagenetic processes are operating at this site: redox cycling of transition metals and ferrihydrite to goethite transition during aging. The depth of oxidation in these sediments is controlled by fluctuations in the relative balance of bottom water oxygen and electron donor input (organic matter and hydrothermal sulfides). These fluctuations induce apparent variations in the accumulation of redox-sensitive species with time. Subsurface U and P peaks in glacial age sediments, in this and other published data sets along the southern EPR, indicate that basin-wide changes in deep ocean ventilation, in particular at glacial-interglacial terminations II, III, IV, and V, alter the depth of the oxidation front in the sediments. These basin-wide changes in the deep Pacific have significant implications for carbon partitioning in the ocean-atmosphere system, and the distribution of redox-sensitive metals in ridge crest sediment can be used to reconstruct past ocean conditions at abyssal depths in the absence of alternative proxy records.

Keywords: AGE; Aluminium; Barium; Cadmium; Calcium; Copper; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Eastern Equatorial Pacific; GS7202-35; Iron; Latewood; Manganese; Molybdenum; PC; Piston corer; Silicon; Uranium; Vanadium; X-ray fluorescence (XRF)

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2136 data points

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Geochemistry in surface sediment during Charles Darwin cruise CD84 (2004)

OMEX Project Members ; Mills, Rachel

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Publication Date: 2024-02-01

Keywords: 3B; 4B; 5B; BC; Box corer; Bromine; CD84; CD84_3B; CD84_4B; CD84_5B; Charles Darwin; Chlorine; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elevation of event; Event label; Iodine; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NE Atlantic; Ocean Margin Exchange Project; OMEX; Phosphorus; Sulfur, total; X-ray fluorescence on flux diluted fused bead; X-ray fluorescence on pressed powder

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 30 data points

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Metal content in surface sediment during Charles Darwin cruise CD84 (2004)

OMEX Project Members ; Mills, Rachel

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2024-02-01

Keywords: 3B; 4B; 5B; Aluminium; Arsenic; Barium; BC; Box corer; Calcium; CD84; CD84_3B; CD84_4B; CD84_5B; Cerium; Charles Darwin; Chromium; Copper; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elevation of event; Event label; Gallium; Iron; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; Lanthanum; Latitude of event; Lead; Longitude of event; Magnesium; Manganese; NE Atlantic; Nickel; Niobium; Ocean Margin Exchange Project; OMEX; Potassium; Rubidium; Silicon; Sodium; Strontium; Thorium; Titanium; Uranium; Vanadium; X-ray fluorescence on flux diluted fused bead; X-ray fluorescence on pressed powder; Yttrium; Zinc; Zirconium

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 145 data points

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Electronic Resource

Brent Spar or Broken Spur? (1995)

Elderfield, Harry ; Schultz, Adam ; James, Rachael ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 376 (1995), S. 208-208

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] SIR - In the Commentary by E. Nisbet and C. M. R. Fowler on 29 June 1995 (ref. 1) and in your Opinion piece in the same issue2, the significance of Brent Spar's cargo is measured by the yardstick of the discharge rate of metals by a natural system: the Broken Spur vent field on the Mid-Atlantic ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/376208a0

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The discovery of new deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities in the Southern Ocean and implications for biogeography (2012)

Rogers, Alex D. ; Tyler, Paul A. ; Connelly, Douglas P. ; [et al.]

Public Library of Science

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Publication Date: 2022-05-25

Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS Biology 10 (2012): e1001234, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001234.

Description: Since the first discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Galápagos Rift in 1977, numerous vent sites and endemic faunal assemblages have been found along mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins at low to mid latitudes. These discoveries have suggested the existence of separate biogeographic provinces in the Atlantic and the North West Pacific, the existence of a province including the South West Pacific and Indian Ocean, and a separation of the North East Pacific, North East Pacific Rise, and South East Pacific Rise. The Southern Ocean is known to be a region of high deep-sea species diversity and centre of origin for the global deep-sea fauna. It has also been proposed as a gateway connecting hydrothermal vents in different oceans but is little explored because of extreme conditions. Since 2009 we have explored two segments of the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) in the Southern Ocean using a remotely operated vehicle. In each segment we located deep-sea hydrothermal vents hosting high-temperature black smokers up to 382.8°C and diffuse venting. The chemosynthetic ecosystems hosted by these vents are dominated by a new yeti crab (Kiwa n. sp.), stalked barnacles, limpets, peltospiroid gastropods, anemones, and a predatory sea star. Taxa abundant in vent ecosystems in other oceans, including polychaete worms (Siboglinidae), bathymodiolid mussels, and alvinocaridid shrimps, are absent from the ESR vents. These groups, except the Siboglinidae, possess planktotrophic larvae, rare in Antarctic marine invertebrates, suggesting that the environmental conditions of the Southern Ocean may act as a dispersal filter for vent taxa. Evidence from the distinctive fauna, the unique community structure, and multivariate analyses suggest that the Antarctic vent ecosystems represent a new vent biogeographic province. However, multivariate analyses of species present at the ESR and at other deep-sea hydrothermal vents globally indicate that vent biogeography is more complex than previously recognised.

Description: The ChEsSo research programme was funded by a NERC Consortium Grant (NE/DO1249X/1) and supported by the Census of Marine Life and the Sloan Foundation, and the Total Foundation for Biodiversity (Abyss 2100)(SVTH) all of which are gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge NSF grant ANT-0739675 (CG and TS), NERC PhD studentships NE/D01429X/1(LH, LM, CNR), NE/H524922/1(JH) and NE/F010664/1 (WDKR), a Cusanuswerk doctoral fellowship, and a Lesley & Charles Hilton-Brown Scholarship, University of St. Andrews (PHBS).

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Article

Format: application/pdf

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Lipidomics of Thalassiosira pseudonana under phosphorus stress reveal underlying phospholipid substitution dynamics and novel diglycosylceramide substitutes (2018)

Hunter, Jonathan E. ; Brandsma, Joost ; Dymond, Marcus K. ; [et al.]

American Society for Microbiology

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Publication Date: 2022-05-26

Description: © The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 84 (2018): e02034-17, doi:10.1128/AEM.02034-17.

Description: Phytoplankton replace phosphorus-containing lipids (P-lipids) with non-P analogues, boosting growth in P-limited oceans. In the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, the substitution dynamics of lipid headgroups are well described, but those of the individual lipids, differing in fatty acid composition, are unknown. Moreover, the behavior of lipids outside the common headgroup classes and the relationship between lipid substitution and cellular particulate organic P (POP) have yet to be reported. We investigated these through the mass spectrometric lipidomics of P-replete (P+) and P-depleted (P−) T. pseudonana cultures. Nonlipidic POP was depleted rapidly by the initiation of P stress, followed by the cessation of P-lipid biosynthesis and per-cell reductions in the P-lipid levels of successive generations. Minor P-lipid degradative breakdown was observed, releasing P for other processes, but most P-lipids remained intact. This may confer an advantage on efficient heterotrophic lipid consumers in P-limited oceans. Glycerophosphatidylcholine (PC), the predominant P-lipid, was similar in composition to its betaine substitute lipid. During substitution, PC was less abundant per cell and was more highly unsaturated in composition. This may reflect underlying biosynthetic processes or the regulation of membrane biophysical properties subject to lipid substitution. Finally, levels of several diglycosylceramide lipids increased as much as 10-fold under P stress. These represent novel substitute lipids and potential biomarkers for the study of P limitation in situ, contributing to growing evidence highlighting the importance of sphingolipids in phycology. These findings contribute much to our understanding of P-lipid substitution, a powerful and widespread adaptation to P limitation in the oligotrophic ocean.

Description: This work was funded by the University of Southampton Vice Chancellors Scholarship Award.

Keywords: Thalassiosira pseudonana ; Phospholipid ; Sphingolipid ; Diatom ; Lipidomics ; Phosphorus ; Stress ; Limitation ; Substitution ; Biomarker

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

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Hydrothermal impacts on trace element and isotope ocean biogeochemistry (2017)

German, Christopher R. ; Casciotti, Karen L. ; Dutay, Jean-Claude ; [et al.]

The Royal Society

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Publication Date: 2022-05-26

Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 374 (2016): 20160035, doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0035.

Description: Hydrothermal activity occurs in all ocean basins, releasing high concentrations of key trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) into the oceans. Importantly, the calculated rate of entrainment of the entire ocean volume through turbulently mixing buoyant hydrothermal plumes is so vigorous as to be comparable to that of deep-ocean thermohaline circulation. Consequently, biogeochemical processes active within deep-ocean hydrothermal plumes have long been known to have the potential to impact global-scale biogeochemical cycles. More recently, new results from GEOTRACES have revealed that plumes rich in dissolved Fe, an important micronutrient that is limiting to productivity in some areas, are widespread above mid-ocean ridges and extend out into the deep-ocean interior. While Fe is only one element among the full suite of TEIs of interest to GEOTRACES, these preliminary results are important because they illustrate how inputs from seafloor venting might impact the global biogeochemical budgets of many other TEIs. To determine the global impact of seafloor venting, however, requires two key questions to be addressed: (i) What processes are active close to vent sites that regulate the initial high-temperature hydrothermal fluxes for the full suite of TEIs that are dispersed through non-buoyant hydrothermal plumes? (ii) How do those processes vary, globally, in response to changing geologic settings at the seafloor and/or the geochemistry of the overlying ocean water? In this paper, we review key findings from recent work in this realm, highlight a series of key hypotheses arising from that research and propose a series of new GEOTRACES modelling, section and process studies that could be implemented, nationally and internationally, to address these issues.

Description: his paper represents the outcomes from a series of break-out group discussions held at Chicheley Hall, UK, on 9 and 10 December 2015, as part of a Quantifying Fluxes and Processes in Trace-Metal Cycling in the Oceans science meeting sponsored by the Royal Society. C.R.G. also acknowledges further support from NSF grant OCE-1130870.

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Article

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