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  • 1
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    The Optical System of the NACA 400,000-frame-per-second Motion-picture Camera (1947)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-TN-1405
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    End-zone Water Injection as a Means of Suppressing Knock in a Spark-ignition Engine (1944)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-WR-E-72 , NACA-RB-E4I27
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Instantaneous Ultraviolet Knock Spectra Correlated with High-speed Photographs (1947)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-TN-1408
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Relation between spark-ignition engine knock, detonation waves, and autoignition as shown by high-speed photography (1946)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-WR-E-238 , NACA-ARR-E6C22
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Identification of Knock in NACA High-Speed Photographs of Combustion in a Spark-Ignition Engine (1943)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Report presents the results of a study of combustion in a spark-ignition engine given in NACA Technical Reports 704 and 727. The present investigation was made with the NACA high-speed motion-picture camera, operating at 40,000 photographs a second, and with a cathode-ray oscillograph operating on a piezoelectric pick-up in the combustion chamber. Photographs are presented showing that the origin of knock is not necessarily in the end gas. The data obtained indicates that knock takes place only in a part of the cylinder charge which has been previously ignited either by autoignition or by the passage of the flame fronts but which has not burned to completion. Mottled regions in the high-speed Schlieren photographs are demonstrated to represent combustion regions.
    Type: NACA-TR-761
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    A High-Speed Motion-Picture Study of Normal Combustion, Knock and Preignition in a Spark-Ignition Engines (1941)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Combustion in a spark-ignition engine was investigated by means of the NACA high-speed motion-picture cameras. This camera is operated at a speed of 40,000 photographs a second and therefore makes possible the study of changes that take place in the intervals as short as 0.000025 second. When the motion pictures are projected at the normal speed of 16 frames a second, any rate of movement shown is slowed down 2500 times. Photographs are presented of normal combustion, of combustion from preignitions, and of knock both with and without preignition. The photographs of combustion show that knock may be preceded by a period of exothermic reaction in the end zone that persists for a time interval of as much as 0.0006 second. The knock takes place in 0.00005 second or less.
    Type: NACA-TR-704
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    The NACA High-Speed Motion-Picture Camera Optical Compensation at 40,000 Photographs Per Second (1946)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The principle of operation of the NACA high-speed camera is completely explained. This camera, operating at the rate of 40,000 photographs per second, took the photographs presented in numerous NACA reports concerning combustion, preignition, and knock in the spark-ignition engine. Many design details are presented and discussed, details of an entirely conventional nature are omitted. The inherent aberrations of the camera are discussed and partly evaluated. The focal-plane-shutter effect of the camera is explained. Photographs of the camera are presented. Some high-speed motion pictures of familiar objects -- photoflash bulb, firecrackers, camera shutter -- are reproduced as an illustration of the quality of the photographs taken by the camera.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: NACA-TR-856
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Relation Between Spark-Ignition Engine Knock, Detonation Waves, and Autoignition as Shown by High-Speed Photography (1946)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A critical review of literature bearing on the autoignition and detonation-wave theories of spark-ignition engine knock and on the nature of gas vibrations associated with combustion and knock results in the conclusion that neither the autoignition theory nor the detonation-wave theory is an adequate explanation of spark-ignition engine knock. A knock theory is proposed, combining the autoignition and detonation-wave theories, which introduces the idea that the detonation wave develops in autoignited or after-burning gases, and ascribes comparatively low-pitched heavy knocks to autoignition but high-pitched pinging knocks to detonation waves with the possibility of combinations of the two types of knocks. Analysis of five shots of knocking combustion, taken with the NACA high-speed motion-picture camera at the rate of 40,000 photographs per second reveals propagation speeds ranging from 3250 to more than 5500 feet per second. The range of propagation speeds from 3250 to more than 5500 feet per second is held to be considered with the proposed combined theory but not with either the simple autoignition theory or the simple detonation-wave theory.
    Type: NACA-TR-855
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    A Study by High-Speed Photography of Combustion and Knock in a Spark-Ignition Engine (1942)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The study of combustion in a spark-ignition engine given in Technical Report no. 704 has been continued. The investigation was made with the NACA high-speed motion-picture camera and the NACA optical engine indicator. The camera operates at the rate of 40,000 photographs a second and makes possible the study of phenomena occurring in time intervals as short as 0.000025 second. Photographs are presented of combustion without knock and with both light and heavy knocks, the end zone of combustion being within the field of view. Time-pressure records covering the same conditions as the photographs are presented and their relations to the photographs are studied. Photographs with ignition at various advance angles are compared with a view to observing any possible relationship between pressure and flame depth. A tentative explanation of knock is suggested, which is designed to agree with the indications of the high-speed photographs and the time-pressure records.
    Type: NACA-TR-727
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    The Interdependence of Various Types of Autoignition and Knock (1948)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A study of the relations existing among pin-point autoignition, homogeneous autoignition, and knock has been made by means of the NACA high-speed camera and the full-view combustion apparatus. High-speed photographic records of combustion, together with corresponding pressure-time traces, of benzene, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, S-4, and M-4 fuels at various engine conditions have shown the engine conditions under which each of these phenomena occur and the relation of these phenomena to one another.
    Type: NACA-TR-912
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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