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  • 1
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    Shuttle Orbiter Active Thermal Control Subsystem design and flight experience (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The paper examines the design of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Active Thermal Control Subsystem (ATCS) constructed for providing the vehicle and payload cooling during all phases of a mission and during ground turnaround operations. The operation of the Shuttle ATCS and some of the problems encountered during the first 39 flights of the Shuttle program are described, with special attention given to the major problems encountered with the degradation of the Freon flow rate on the Orbiter Columbia, the Flash Evaporator Subsystem mission anomalies which occurred on STS-26 and STS-34, and problems encountered with the Ammonia Boiler Subsystem. The causes and the resolutions of these problems are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: SAE PAPER 911366
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) Integrated Roadmap Development (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This white paper documents a roadmap for development of Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) Systems (ECLSS) capabilities required to enable beyond-Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Exploration missions. In many cases, the execution of this Exploration-based roadmap will directly benefit International Space Station (ISS) operational capability by resolving known issues and/or improving overall system reliability. In addition, many of the resulting products will be applicable across multiple Exploration elements such as Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle (MMSEV), Deep Space Habitat (DSH), and Landers. Within the ECLS community, this white paper will be a unifying tool that will improve coordination of resources, common hardware, and technologies. It will help to align efforts to focus on the highest priority needs that will produce life support systems for future human exploration missions that will simply run in the background, requiring minimal crew interaction.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-CN-26142 , EVA/ECLSS Technical Forum; May 01, 2012 - May 02, 2012; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The International Space Station (ISS) Port 1 (P1) External Active Thermal Control System (EATCS) Ammonia Leak (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: From 2011 to 2017, the crew onboard the International Space Station (ISS) was at risk of dire consequences due to an external ammonia leak. Ammonia is used in the External Active Thermal Control System (EATCS) to cool the pressurized modules and external electrical systems. Engineers at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) initially detected the leak in one of two cooling loops by monitoring the system ammonia inventory decay over time. White flakes seen on High Definition (HD) cameras were also thought to be associated with the leakage but not confirmed. Initially, the leak was small enough that the ammonia inventory and system operations were not in jeopardy. However, the leak began to accelerate to the point where troubleshooting and corrective action were vital to the sustainability of the ISS. Therefore, it became imperative that the leak be located and repaired for ISS operations to continue. No tools were readily available on the ISS to locate such a leak when it was initially detected, however NASA engineers were already in the process of developing a new device for this purpose called the Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL). The RELL is a robotic instrument package with a mass spectrometer and an ion pressure gauge. Initial checkout operations with RELL happened to coincide with the increasing leak, and ammonia vapors were measured around the P1 EATCS Radiator #3 flexible jumper hoses. The leak stopped after the radiator and its flexible hoses were remotely isolated from the loop and the ammonia from the isolated segment was vented to space. Astronauts conducted a spacewalk that successfully removed the hoses, which were returned to ground for further investigation. The purpose of this paper is to review the leak detection and isolation efforts, investigation results, lessons learned and the recovery plan.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics; Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: ICES-2019-31 , JSC-E-DAA-TN70468 , International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES 2019); Jul 07, 2019 - Jul 11, 2019; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    The International Space Station (ISS) Port 1 (P1) External Active Thermal Control System (EATCS) Ammonia Leak (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: From 2011 to 2017, the crew onboard the International Space Station (ISS) was at risk of dire consequences due to an external ammonia leak. Ammonia is used in the External Active Thermal Control System (EATCS) to cool the pressurized modules and external electrical systems. Engineers at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) initially detected the leak in one of two cooling loops by monitoring the system ammonia inventory decay over time. White flakes seen on High Definition (HD) cameras were also thought to be associated with the leakage but not confirmed. Initially, the leak was small enough that the ammonia inventory and system operations were not in jeopardy. However, the leak began to accelerate to the point where troubleshooting and corrective action were vital to the sustainability of the ISS. Therefore, it became imperative that the leak be located and repaired for ISS operations to continue. No tools were readily available on the ISS to locate such a leak when it was initially detected, however NASA engineers were already in the process of developing a new device for this purpose called the Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL). The RELL is a robotic instrument package with a mass spectrometer and an ion pressure gauge. Initial checkout operations with RELL happened to coincide with the increasing leak, and ammonia vapors were measured around the P1 EATCS Radiator #3 flexible jumper hoses. The leak stopped after the radiator and its flexible hoses were remotely isolated from the loop and the ammonia from the isolated segment was vented to space. Astronauts conducted a spacewalk that successfully removed the hoses, which were returned to ground for further investigation. The purpose of this paper is to review the leak detection and isolation efforts, investigation results, lessons learned and the recovery plan.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics; Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN68679 , International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES 2019); Jul 07, 2019 - Jul 11, 2019; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    The International Space Station (ISS) Port 1 (P1) External Active Thermal Control System (EATCS) Ammonia Leak (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-31
    Description: Ammonia is used in the Starboard 1 (S1) and Port 1 (P1) External Active Thermal Control System (EATCS) to cool the pressurized modules, and some of the external electrical power distribution hardware. Leaks that develop in these critical cooling systems that deplete in-line tanks can ultimately result in loss of cooling, which can have devastating impacts to the mission, science and crew onboard the ISS. A slow ammonia leak was initially observed from the P1 EATCS in 2011, but later in 2013 the leak rate began to accelerate. The ammonia inventory eventually began to decay exponentially, raising concerns that the inventory could drop to levels where the system would not be operational.The Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL) was built and launched to the ISS to detect and help locate ammonia leaks using the ISS Robotic Arm and remote ground operator control without constant crew involvement. RELL pinpointed the ammonia leak to the two flexible jumper hose assemblies connecting one of two fluid loops in one of the three deployable radiators to the P1 EATCS. The ammonia inside the two hose assemblies and that radiator fluid loop was isolated and vented to space in 2017. This stopped the leak and an Extravehicular Activity was conducted to remove the two hose assemblies so they could be returned to ground for further Test, Teardown and Evaluation (TT&E). The purpose of this presentation is to discuss this leakage scenario and the TT&E efforts.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN70723 , 2019 Thermal and Fluids Analysis Workshop; Aug 26, 2019 - Aug 30, 2019; Newport News, VA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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