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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 968-969 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The central three-membered ring in the title compound, trans-1,1′,1′′-cyclopropane-1,2,3-triyltris(cyclopropanol), C12H18O3, shows pronounced asymmetry of the bond lengths, which is induced by the different orientations of the substituents. A network of hydrogen bonds links the molecules into sheets.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Mechanism of the Thermal Rearrangement of Bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane: Dispiro[cyclopropane-1,2′-bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane-3′,1′′-cyclopropane] and Analogously Substituted Derivatives as New Model CompoundsUpon thermolysis the 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-enes 10a-c yield only the thermodynamically more stable 1,5-hexadienes, namely 11, 13, and 15, respectively. Upon photolysis, however, remarkable proportions of the new bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane derivatives 2 (66%), 4 (29%), and 3 (58%), respectively, are formed besides the hexadienes; the by-product (2%) from 10a most probably is the hexalin 12, as it would arise from an intermediate diradical by neighboring group participation of both three-membered rings. The thermolyses of 2, 3, and 4 follow first order rate laws and yield 11, 13, and 15. According to the kinetic data, which best fit a two-step mechanism, the diradical from 2 is stabilized purely electronically by 25.8 kJ/mol with respect to the diradical from 4.
    Notes: Die 2,3-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene 10a-c ergeben bei der Thermolyse nur das jeweils thermodynamisch stabilere 1,5-Hexadien, nämlich 11, 13 bzw. 15. Bei der Photolyse entstehen daneben in beachtlichen Anteilen von 66, 29 und 58% die neuen Bicyclo[2.2.0]hexan-Derivate 2, 4 bzw. 3; dem Nebenprodukt (2%) aus 10a kommt höchstwahrscheinlich die Konstitution des Hexalins 12 zu, wie es aus einem intermediären Diradikal durch Nachbargruppenbeteiligung der beiden Dreiringe entstehen müßte. Die Thermolyse von 2, 3 und 4 folgt Zeitgesetzen 1. Ordnung und führt zu 11, 13 und 15. Nach den kinetischen Daten, die am besten mit einem zweistufigen Verlauf zu vereinbaren sind, ist das 1,4-Diradikal aus 2 gegenüber dem aus 4 rein elektronisch um 25.8 kJ/mol stabilisiert.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1128-1138 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Influence of Substituents on the Cope Rearrangement of 1,5-Hexadienes: Cyclopropyl- and Methyl-substituted Model SystemsThe new 1,5-hexadiene derivatives 1 and 2 are obtained along with all other conceivable products upon methylenation of 1,2,6,7-octatraene (5); 2 is also accessible from succindialdehyde and cyclopropylidenetriphenylphosphorane. The thermal rearrangement of 1 and 2 both proceed like that of 5 in two steps via 1,4-cyclohexadiyls, 1 yielding 3 and 19, 2 only 4. The distinct differences in the gas phase kinetic parameters for 2 and 15 (In k(2) = 22.0 - 26 200/RT and In k(15) = 29.1 - 33 300/RT, respectively) indicate the change in mechanism of the Cope rearrangement from concerted (for 15) to stepwise (for 2), apparently due to the cyclopropyl substituent effects. Upon sensitized irradiation of 2 the new hydrocarbons 24, 25, and 27 are formed, whereas nickel(0)-catalyzed rearrangement of 2 yields 25 exclusively.
    Notes: Die neuen 1,5-Hexadienderivate 1 und 2 werden neben allen anderen möglichen Produkten durch Methylenierung von 1,2,6,7-Octatetraen (5) gewonnen; 2 ist gezielt auch zugänglich aus Succindialdehyd und Cyclopropylidentriphenylphosphoran. Die thermischen Umlagerungen von 1 und 2 verlaufen beide wie die von 5 zweistufig über 1,4-Cyclohexadiyle, aus 1 entsteht neben 3 noch 19, aus 2 nur 4. In dem deutlichen Unterschied der gasphasenkinetischen Parameter für 2 und 15 (In k(2) = 22.0 - 26200/RT bzw. In k (15) = 29.1 - 33 300/RT) kommt zum Ausdruck, daβ der Mechanismus der Cope-Umlagerung sich von konzertiert (bei 15) nach zweistufig (bei 2) verschiebt, offenbar aufgrund des Cyclopropyl-Substituenteneffekts. Bei der sensibilisierten Bestrahlung von 2 entstehen die neuen Kohlenwasserstoffe 24, 25 und 27, bei der Nickel(0)-katalysierten Umlagerung ausschließlich 25.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 395-400 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkyl- and alkoxy-substituted 1-fluoro-1-(trichlorovinyl)cyclo-propanes 6 were prepared by α-dehydrohalogenation of 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3-difluoro-1-propene (4) with lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP) in the presence of olefins. 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-1-propene (7) reacts with lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) and olefins to give 1-chloro-1-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropanes 8 with modest to good yields. The ethoxy-substituted vinylcyclopropane 8g is obtained by this method in 20-g amounts. The treatment of (E/Z)-1,2,3,3-tetrachloro-1-propene (10) with LiHMDS in 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene gives 1-chloro-1-[(Z)-1,2-dichlorovinyl]cyclopropane 11, and (dichloroethenylidene)cyclopropane 9 as a by-product.
    Notes: Durch α-Dehydrohalogenierung von 1,1,2-Trichlor-3,3-difluor-1-propen (4) mit Lithium-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidid (LiTMP) in Gegenwart von Olefinen wurden mit Ausbeuten von 2-20% alkyl- und alkoxysubstituierte 1-Fluor-1-(trichlorvinyl)cyclopropane 6 dargestellt. 1,1,3,3-Tetrachlor-1-propen (7) reagiert mit Lithium-hexamethyldisilazid (LiHMDS) und Olefinen in mäßigen bis guten Ausbeuten zu 1-Chlor-1-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)cyclopropanen des Typs 8. Das ethoxysubstituierte Vinylcyclopropan 8g ist auf diese Weise im 20-g-Maßstab zugänglich. Die Behandlung von (E/Z)-1,2,3,3-Tetrachlor-1-propen (10) mit LiHMDS in 2,3-Dimethyl-2-buten liefert 1-Chlor-1-[(Z)-1,2-dichlorvinyl]cyclopropan 11 und (Dichlorethenyliden)cyclopropan 9 als Nebenprodukt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Rotational Isomerism of Bicyclopropyl, I. - IR- and NMR-spectroscopic Investigations of Bicyclopropyl, Octadeuteriobicyclopropyl and Some Bicyclopropyl Derivatives**The rotational isomerism of the bicyclopropyl (10) molecule has been investigated by measuring the temperature dependence of 1) the infrared band intensities of the two conformers and 2) the vicinal coupling constant between the two methine protons. The results of the two methods agree in that the gauche (synclinal) conformer is more stable than the s-trans (antiplanar) form by about 150 cal/mol. - The 1H-NMR parameters of the pure conformers, which were necessary to evaluate the temperature dependent NMR data in terms of the changes in the population of different conformers, were obtained from the spectra of suitable sterically hindered bicyclopropyl derivatives. -A comparison of the experimental results with a theoretical torsional potential energy curve calculated on the basis of van der Waals interactions between nonbonded atoms clearly shows that the possible electronic interaction between the Walsh orbitals of the two cyclopropyl groups does not influence the conformational equilibrium in bicyclopropyl to any significant extent.
    Notes: Zur Untersuchung der Rotationsisomerie des Bicyclopropyls (10) wurden Intensitätsmessungen an IR-Schlüsselbanden der beiden Konformeren bei verschiedenen Temperaturen vorgenommen und es wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Vicinalkopplungskonstanten zwischen den beiden Methinprotonen ermittelt. Beide Verfahren ergeben übereinstimmend, daß das gauche-Konformere (synclinale Form) in flüssiger Phase um ca. 150 cal/mol stabiler ist als die s-trans-Form (antiplanare Form). - Die für die Auswertung der 1H-NMR-Daten erforderlichen Grenzwerte für die Vicinalkopplungskonstante der reinen Konformeren wurden durch Messungen an geeigneten sterisch gehinderten Bicyclopropyl-Derivaten gewonnen. - Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit einer auf der Grundlage von van-der-Waals-Potentialen berechneten Torsionspotentialkurve macht deutlich, daß beim Bicyclopropyl die mögliche elektronische Wechselwirkung zwischen den Walsh-Orbitalen der beiden Dreiringe ohne bestimmenden Einfluß auf die Lage des Konformeren-Gleichgewichtes bleibt.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 939-945 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1-Vinylcyclopropane ; 1-methoxy- ; 1-ethoxy- ; Vinylcyclopropane ; isomerization ; Gas-phase kinetics ; Ring expansion of 1-alkoxy-1-vinylcyclopropanes ; Diradical intermediates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title studies have been carried out with both 1-vinyl-1-cyclopropyl methyl ether (1-OMe) and 1-vinyl-1-cyclopropyl ethyl ether (1-OEt) in the temperature ranges 274.6-324.5 and 273.6 - 323.0°C, respectively. Both reactions predominantly give the vinylcyclopropane-cyclopentene (VCP-CP) rearrangement products 1-cyclopenten-1-yl methyl ether (2-OMe) and 1-cyclopenten-1-yl ethyl ether (2-OEt). Additionally, 2-OEt eliminates ethene (3) in a consecutive reaction at a lower reaction rate compared with the VCP-CP rearrangement. The rearrangements obey first-order kinetics and have been shown to be homogeneous, pressure-independent reactions with the following Arrhenius equations:\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {1 - {\rm OMe:}} {{\rm lg}\left({k/s^{-1}} \right) = \left({13.89 \pm 0.23} \right) - \left({191.30 \pm 2.55{\rm kJ mol}^{-1}} \right)/RT\ln 10} \\\end{array} $$\end{document}\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {1 - {\rm OMt:}} {{\rm lg}\left({k/s^{-1}} \right) = \left({13.77 \pm 0.01} \right) - \left({188.80 \pm 1.85{\rm kJ mol}^{-1}} \right)/RT\ln 10} \\\end{array} $$\end{document}The Arrhenius parameters represent reliable values for general 1-vinyl-1-cyclopropyl alkyl ether→1-cyclopenten-1-yl-alkyl ether (1-OR→2-OR) rearrangements within a large temperature interval in the gas phase. The results support a mechanism proceeding via a diradical. The stabilizing effect of methoxy substitution is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 126 (1993), S. 1635-1641 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: [5]Helicenes, methano-bridged ; Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic ; Cycloheptatriene, all-benzoanellated, flexibility of ; Distorted aromatic rings ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation of 1-(hydroxymethyl)[5]helicenes 1-R and 15-Me leads to 10,11-methano-bridged dibenzo[c,g]phenanthrenes 2-R and 16-Me, respectively. These molecules are shaped like the back of a turtle as shown by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Their nonplanarity, however, is not rigid, as revealed by the temperature dependence of their 1H-NMR spectra. With inversion barriers of about 62.4 and 67.1 kJ mol-1 2-H and 2-Me are surprisingly flexible. A remarkable diastereoselectivity is observed in the addition of methyl- and phenylmagnesium bromide to 1-formyl[5]helicenes 14-Me leading to secondary alcohols 15a, b-Me, which cyclize to bridged hydrocarbons 16a, b-Me, in which the substituents R=Me, Ph are in the thermodynamically less favorable endo-position. Upon heating, endo-16a,b-Me isomerize to exo-6a, b-Me irreversibly.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chromium, [2-(methyleneamino)ethenyl]carbene complexes ; Michael addition of imines ; (1-alkynylcarbene)-chromium complexes ; 2H-Pyrroles ; Cyclization of {[2-(methyleneamino)ethenyl]carbene}chromium complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Imines 7, 11-13 were added to (1-alkynylcarbene)chromium complexes 6a-d to form {[2-(methyleneamino)ethenyl]-carbene}chromium complexes 8a-d, 14a-d, 15a-d, 16a-d in good to very good yields (63-98%) except for two cases (41-59%). The carbene ligands of the latter compounds cyclize to 2H-pyrroles 9a-d, 17a-d, 18a-d, 19a-d upon heating in tetrahydrofuran solution to 50-55°C.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1193-1195 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Stilbene ; 4.4′-Diarylstilbenes ; Palladium ; Pd-catalyzed ; C-C coupling ; Dyes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The palladium-catalyzed coupling of ethene with 4-bromobiphenyl and 4′-bromo-4-biphenylsulfonic acid permits a facile one-pot preparation of the laser dyes (E)-4,4′-diphenylstilbene (BPS, 3) and bis(triethylammonium) (E)-4,4′diphenylstilbene-4″,4″-disulfonate (6) in diastereomerically pure form on a multigram scale, with yields of 69 and 64%, repectively. The latter can easily be transformed to its dipotassium salt 7, the Stilbene I dye.
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