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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of oscillator strengths and judd-ofelt intensity parameters of various Nd3+-complexes (1975)
    Springer
    Applied physics 6 (1975), S. 363-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spectral intensities of six Nd3+ nitrogen-oxygen donor and sulfur donor complexes have been reported. The experimental data have been correlated with the theoretical values calculated using Judd's relation, and Judd'sT λ parameters are reported. The mean error is small, showing the applicability of Judd's relation. A comparison with other Nd3+ complexes shows that, in general, the transitions are weaker for the complexes under study. The intensity of the hypersensitive transition andT 2 parameter follow the order of the ligands: oxygen donor〉nitrogen-oxygen donor〉nitrogen donor〉sulfur donor〉aquo ion, suggesting that the involvement of the Nd3+ f-orbitals is greatest in the case of O-donor complexes. The other two parametersT 4 andT 6 are nearly constant. The nature of the model required by the theory is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00883656
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinking of cellulose modified with polyacrylonitrile (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062325
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of polyacrylonitrile in cotton fabricsPresented at the Symposium on Carbohydrates, Cellulose and Cellulose Industries, organized by the Chemical Research Committee of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, India, at Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association, Ahmedabad, India, January 1962. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1581-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: With a sodium thiosulfate-potassium persulfate redox system, in situ polymerization of acrylonitrile was studied in cellulosic materials. Traces of copper are found to accelerate the rate of polymerization, giving higher yields on the treated materials. Other variables studied were (a) material/liquor ratios, (b) monomer concentrations, and (c) initiator concentrations. It is found that high material/liquor ratios and higher initiator concentrations cause increased polymer yields on cotton fabrics. Fabrics containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are resistant to microbial degradation. Acrylonitrile was polymerized in secondary cellulose acetate, mercerized cotton, and cellophane. Studies of the insolubility behavior of the treated cellulose acetate samples in acetone and dimethylformamide, and of mercerized cotton and cellophane in cuprammonium hydroxide, were carried out for the purpose of examining the presence of cellulose-PAN grafts. In the latter case, a constant ratio of cellulose to PAN was obtained in the cuprammonium hydroxide-insoluble fraction over a wide range of polymer add-ons. Alkaline saponification of the nitrile groups in the treated cotton fabrics, followed by a treatment with formaldehyde at pH 9-9.5 and subsequent curing in the presence of an acid catalyst, yield highly crosslinked fabrics which exhibit a considerable improvement in the wet crease recovery with slight loss in tensile and tear strengths. It is believed that these changes are brought about by the formation of a —CO · NH · CH2. O—cellulose type of crosslink. These results strongly support the presence of a cellulose-PAN graft.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070502
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous hydrolysis of cotton cellulose treated with different swelling agents (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 15-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acid hydrolyses of untreated cotton (scoured) and cottons treated in slack with three swelling agents were carried out for different periods. It was found that treatment with swelling agents decreases crystallinity and fiber strength and increases reactivity of cellulose. Such treatments also improve the strength-fluidity relation of the fibers. Swelling treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or ethylenediamine (EDA) improves strength uniformity along the fiber length. Both mild and drastic hydrolyses increase crystallinity of the untreated and the treated cottons. Crystallinity figures obtained by x-ray diffraction technique are different from those obtained by iodine sorption method. Treatment of acid-hydrolyzed cotton fibers with sodium hydroxide improves fiber strength considerably. When acid-hydrolyzed cotton is swollen with zinc chloride solution, crystallinity (x-ray) drops down to as low as 36%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceric ion induced redox polymerization of acrylonitrile in presence of celluloseThis work forms part of the Ph.D. thesis of A. Y. Kulkarni. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2633-2633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090724
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent trends in optical data processing (1987)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 37 (1987), S. 325-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical data processing is an advancing field which has received much attention in recent years. Optical techniques have already shown their applicability in target identification, advanced signal processing operations and advanced linear algebra operations. The potential capabilities of processing of data using photons instead of electrons as the carrier of information have established, beyond any doubt, that the optical techniques will be the next generation technology surpassing electronic techniques in some important areas such as air traffic control, missile guidance and remote sensing. Although great strides have been made in all the areas of optical data processing, the goal of high performance, high speed and very accurate all-optical computers would be realised only around the year 1995. The main difficulty is that the required materials for high resolution and fast spatial light modulators and optical interconnects are yet to be perfected. The present paper reviews the recent trends and the future prospects of optical data processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02395719
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma ray-induced graft copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid to nylon 6 fabric (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Kinetics of radiation-induced grafting of acrylamide (Aam) and acrylic acid (Aa) to nylon 6 fabric were investigated employing a mutual radiation technique. Copper sulfate was used as the radical scavenger to reduce homopolymer formation. Formic acid was used for swelling, and its effect on grafting was studied. Maximum amount of grafting was doubled when formic acid was used for swelling nylon prior to, but not during, irradiation. The rate of grafting was not significantly affected if it was carried out in an atmosphere of air instead of nitrogen. The effect of monomer concentration, dose rate, and total dose on grafting has been studied. Rate of grafting was significantly higher when lower dose rates and monomer concentrations were used. Saturation grafting was proportional to monomer concentration up to 2.1M. Initial rate of grafting was proportional to monomer concentration. The rate of grafting of Aam was proportional to the dose rate to the power 0.25-1.0. A synergestic effect was noticed during grafting with mixtures of Aam and Aa (80:20; 20:80). Grafted fabrics showed considerable increase in moisture regain. Dyeability and tensile properties of the grafted fabrics were not significantly affected by grafting. Aa-grafted fabrics did not melt up to 320°C, whereas untreated nylon melts at 215°C.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of resin chemisorption and crosslinking on various fiber properties of cotton (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2623-2636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chemisorption and crosslinking of cotton cellulose has been carried out with DMEU, DMPU, DHEU, and DMDHEU. Various physicochemical properties of resin-treated samples have been studied and the data subjected to a linear regression analysis. Using the techniques of liquid retention and optical microscopy it has been found that the chemisorbed cotton is characterized by a lower level of bound resin, greater amount of methylol HCHO, and higher swellability of structure in comparison to the crosslinked cotton. This difference of behavior between the two cottons is attributed to greater rigidification and a collapse of porous structure in crosslinked cotton as a result of catalytic activity at the curing temperature. For various resin-treated samples there exists a linear relationship between the strength and recovery characteristics of single fibers and those of fiber bundles. The losses in fiber strength and extensibility are found to be proportional to the level of bound resin in various samples. Crosslinked fibers show appreciably higher magnitudes of elastic recovery and bundle crease recovery than chemisorbed fibers. The significance of these results is discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180907
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerium-initiated grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic materials (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 1625-1647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Grafting of acrylonitrile onto native cotton, swollen cotton, viscose, ramie, and hydrocellulose was studied with tetravalent cerium as initiator. The effect of temperature on the graft yields is examined. With ceric ammonium nitrate the grafting yields are found to be higher at 20 and 40 than at 60°C. Ceric ammonium sulfate, on the other hand, produces more grafting at 60 than at 20 and 40°C. The consumption of ceric ions is less, whereas the per cent graft yields are higher for the swollen cottons and viscose than for native cotton. Graft yields are shown to be related to substrate accessibility if the grafting reaction is carried out under conditions that suppress homopolymerization. Oxidation of these celluloses with CeIV has also been studied. It is found that more CeIV is consumed during grafting than during oxidation of cellulose under identical reaction conditions. Excess CeIV consumed in the grafting reaction has been shown to be directly related to extent of homopolymerization, which accompanies grafting. Some data on the storage stability of the free-radical activity produced by oxidation of cellulose with CeIV are also reported. It is observed that the cerium-oxidized samples can initiate graft poly merization even after 4-5 hr. if stored in nitrogen.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070120712
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceric ion-induced redox polymerization of acrylonitrile on cellulosePresented at the 6th Joint Technological Conference of ATIRA, BTRA, and SITRA, Bombay, January 1965, and at the Annual Convention of the Indian Chemical Society held at Anand, December 1966. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 1321-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ceric ion-cellulose redox system has been studied for grafting acrylonitrile on cotton fibers. Grafting yields are very high as compared to the persulfate-thiosulfate redox system reported earlier. Traces of copper sulfate in the reaction mixture do not increase grafting yields, unlike the persulfate-thiosulfate system. The high polymerization rate on cotton fibers is shown to be due to the reducing action of cellulose and not to the large surface area of cotton fibers. The Ce+4 consumption during grafting is higher than during oxidation of cellulose, indicating formation of homopolymer during the grafting reaction. Studies on the consumption of Ce+4 by model compounds such as D-glucose and α-methyl-D-glucoside show that the hemiacetal group in D-glucose is responsible for a faster rate of Ce+4 consumption. Formation of a Ce+4-alcohol complex also contributes to the initial fast rate of Ce+4 consumption. Studies on the oxidation of cellulose by Ce+4 indicate that the initial oxidative attack occurs on carbon atom 2, with the formation of a 〉C=O group. On further oxidation, cleavage of the C2-C3 bond occurs as shown by the presence of glycol aldehyde determined chromatographically. Cellulose-polyacrylonitrile grafts have been isolated by an acetolysis treatment followed by extraction with dimethylformamide. Number-average molecular weights of the isolated fractions are approximately 50,000-55,000. A theoretical method to calculate the number-average molecular weights, based on the PAN and the COOH contents of the grafted cellulose, is described.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070120605
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