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  • 1
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    EFFECT OF APPLIED SELENIUM ON THE SELENIUM CONTENT OF BARLEY AND FORAGES AND SOIL SELENIUM DEPLETION RATES (1982)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-01
    Description: Two separate field experiments were conducted on several crops to determine the effect of selenium (Se) applied to soils with pH levels between 5.7 and 6.6. Tissue Se levels after a single application of Se and lime, were monitored for up to six cropping years or until the tissue Se fell below 0.1 ppm, the level considered to be necessary for animal nutrition. For applications of 1.12 and 2.24 kg Se/ha, the minimal tissue Se concentration (〉 0.1 ppm) was maintained in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for two cropping years, but with a very sharp decrease for the first 3 yr. In the case of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), tissue levels greater than 0.1 ppm were maintained for 3 yr at the higher rate of Se without lime and up to 5 yr at high soil pH levels. At the applied rates of 0.28 and 0.56 kg Se/ha, the tissue Se levels above 0.1 ppm in timothy, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were maintained for one and two cropping years, respectively. In spite of the sharp decrease in plant tissue Se levels, little decrease in total soil Se was noted at rates of 1.12 and 2.24 kg Se/ha after successive croppings of barley and timothy. Although not always significant, liming, in general, increased the plant Se concentration. The Se concentration (log ppm) for tissues (or depletion of Se availability) in the Se-applied plots decreased linearly for at least the first three cropping seasons.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 2
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    Selection Response in Subdivided Target Regions (2000)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2000-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    RATE OF HYDROLYSIS AND NITRIFICATION OF UREA AND IMPLICATIONS OF ITS USE IN POTATO PRODUCTION (1987)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-08-01
    Description: The effect of soil temperature on urea hydrolysis and subsequent nitrification in an acid Podzolic soil was investigated under laboratory conditions to determine the transformation rate parameters. More than 90% of applied urea was hydrolyzed within 5 d at temperatures between 9 and 18 °C. Subsequent nitrification rates were more temperature dependent and increased from 4 up to 18 °C. Nitrification was limited at 4 °C, was extensive at 9 °C, and it was essentially complete after 48–68 d at 18 °C and 90% complete after 92 d at 9 and 13 °C. The nitrate-N produced during the cropping season from a spring application of urea was predicted, with a model based on the laboratory determined transformation rates, for field conditions at normal soil temperatures. Following spring-applied urea (20 May), the model indicated that nitrification would be virtually complete by 31 July. In a field experiment, total N uptake by Kennebec potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) from applied ammonium nitrate was 95% complete within the same period and with a similar seasonal pattern to that predicted for nitrate N produced from urea. It was concluded that urea can be a suitable source of nitrogen fertilizer for the production of potatoes. Key words: Urea hydrolysis, nitrification, potatoes, modelling, prediction
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 4
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    Soil properties associated with formation of barren areas on formed dykelands cropped to forage (1993)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-01
    Description: Acadia or dykeland soils have produced forages successfully for centuries. The formation of barren areas within very productive forage stands has been noted recently in some land-formed fields, indicating either poor germination or poor growing conditions. A survey was undertaken in 1988 to determine the differences in soil attributes between barren and productive areas, namely: topographical position, resistance to penetration, bulk density, pH, plant-available P2O5, -K2O, Ca, and Mg, salt content (as measured by conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio), and exchangeable and soluble Ca, Mg, K and Na. Barren areas had greater: plant-available P2O5, resistance to penetration (the differential ranged from 480 to 1440 kPa), bulk density (in the top 15 cm), salt and sodium content than the productive ones. The exchangeable and soluble Na:Mg and Na:Ca ratios were higher on barren areas than on productive areas. Organic matter content was lower on barren than on productive areas. Values for topographic position, pH, particle size classes and plant-available K2O, Ca, and Mg were similar between the productivity areas. The results of this survey indicate that the formation of barren areas appears to be mainly due to accumulation of excess salts, especially sodium. Reasons for salt accumulation in these areas are discussed. Key words: Acadia soils, dykeland, salt, sodium, organic matter, resistance to penetration
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 5
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    EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM RATE AND PLACEMENT ON TOMATO FRUIT YIELD AND SIZE (1986)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-01
    Description: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Cabot’) was grown in Atlantic Canada on two soil types that contained either "high" (350–500 kg ha−1) or "low" (85–150 kg ha−1) soil P (Bray no 2). Application of water by trickle irrigation increased total (ripe + green fruit) marketable yields in 3 of 4 yr. Since there were no irrigation versus NPK fertilizer treatment interactions, all treatments were irrigated in subsequent experiments. On the "high" P soil, maximum yield was attained with side-banding P at 8.7 kg ha−1 at transplanting with preplant broadcast N and K. At the same broadcast N and K rates, it required 35 kg ha−1 of broadcast P to achieve the same yield. Similarly, on the "low" P soil with the same rates of N and K broadcast, banding P at rates up to 17.5 kg ha−1 was approximately four times as efficient as either banding or broadcasting all three nutrients in terms of increasing yield. Maximum ripe and total fruit yields, respectively, for the all-banded and all-broadcast methods (80 kg N, 70 kg P and 66 kg K ha−1) were 24 and 17% less than attained when P was banded at 35 kg ha−1 with the same rates of broadcast N and K. Doubling the N and K rates with P increased to 70 kg ha−1 further increased yields by 28% for the P-banded plus N and K broadcast method. However, these high N and K rates seriously depressed yields for the all-banded application. Banding P with broadcast N and K also produced larger fruit than either of the other two application methods. Results clearly demonstrated the yield advantage of irrigation and the superiority of side-banding P with broadcast N and K over banding or broadcasting all three nutrients for maximizing yields and fertilizer-use efficiency for tomato production in the Atlantic Region of Canada. Key words: Tomato, broadcast, banding, phosphorus efficiency, irrigation
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 6
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    Effect of rotational grazing on selected physical properties of a Gleyed Brunisolic Gray Luvisol loam in Nova Scotia (1999)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-01
    Description: Low organic matter content and weak soil structure, combined with high annual precipitation, make the soils of the Maritime Provinces extremely susceptible to compaction. Although many pasture studies have been conducted in the Maritime Provinces, none has investigated the impact of pasturing cattle on soil physical properties. Soil properties such as resistance to penetration, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity were monitored on pasture swards receiving various rotational-grazing intensities. These parameters were measured concomitantly on traffic-free areas that had been harvested as conserved forage. Resistance to penetration measurements indicate that a significant amount of compaction by cattle occurred during the 1990, 1991 and 1992 grazing seasons. Penetration resistance was generally greatest in the top 6 cm of soil, but was alleviated by frost action during the subsequent winter and spring. The other soil parameters measured were either more variable (surface and subsurface saturated hydraulic conductivity) or less sensitive (bulk density) to compaction. Although more variable, surface hydraulic conductivity was significantly higher in the traffic-free conserved forage areas than in the pasture paddocks. Rest intervals between grazings had no significant effect on saturated hydraulic conductivity. Seasonal change in resistance to penetration generally increased as rest interval decreased. The timothy/alfalfa swards (little alfalfa was left in the pastures by 1992) had the least seasonal change in resistance to penetration. Key words: Cattle, compaction, resistance to penetration, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    SELENIUM ENRICHMENT OF CROPS THROUGH FOLIAR APPLICATIONS (1988)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-01
    Description: A field study was conducted, at two locations on Prince Edward Island, over a 5-yr period to determine the effects of foliar applications of sodium selenite on the Se concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain and in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) foliage. Applications of 10–20 g Se ha−1 resulted in barley kernels and forage plant Se levels that would be adequate to prevent Se deficiency in most livestock. The highest rate of Se, at 80 g ha−1, resulted in plant Se concentrations of 706 μg kg−1 in timothy. The measured plant Se concentrations, to the same applications, varied from year to year but the responses to applied Se levels were generally in the same proportions. For similar application rates Se concentrations were lower in barley grain than in the forages. Tissue Se levels in the second cuts of alfalfa and timothy were lower than in the first cut. High levels of foliar-applied Se did not result in a carryover effect the following crop year. Annual foliar applications of Se would be required to raise the Se levels in crops into the sufficiency range for livestock feeds. Key words: Selenium content, foliar spray, cereals, forages, Podzol soils
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Surface application of cement kiln dust and lime to forages: Effect on soil pH (2004)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-01
    Description: This 2-yr field trial on forage plots compared the relative effectiveness of surface applications of cement kiln dust (CKD) to lime for raising soil pH. Seven soil treatments, in four blocks, were established at four low pH sites, which were: (1) a check plot; (2) lime at the recommended application (L), based on soil test for each site; (3) lime at 1.5 × L; (4) CKD at L; (5 ) CKD at 1.5 ( L; (6) CKD at an equivalent to lime basis; and (7) CKD applied at 1.5 times the equivalent to lime basis, where equivalence was based on CKD’s apparent neutralizing value equal to 75% that of lime. Soil pH was determined before applications and was monitored afterwards for two growing seasons. Two months after surface application, the CKD increased soil pH more than lime, despite its apparent neutralizing value being only 75% that of lime. Effects were greater closer to the soil surface and trends persisted through the following year. The CKD appears to be a quick-acting lime substitute due to its fineness (more than 99% passed through 100-mesh compared with 58% of lime). Key words: Forage, lime, cement kiln dust, pH
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Surface application of cement kiln dust and lime to forage land: Effect on forage yield, tissue concentration and accumulation of nutrients (2010)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-01
    Description: Cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product of the cement industry currently being landfilled, may be a beneficial soil amendment. A 2-yr field forage trial compared the effect of surface applications of CKD and lime on forage yield and the concentration and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn and B in the forage tissue. Seven soil treatments in three blocks were established on three low pH sites: (1) a check plot with neither lime or CKD added; (2) lime application based on the recommendation from soil analysis; (3) lime at 1.5 times the recommended application; (4) CKD applied at the recommended application; (5) CKD at 1.5 times the recommended application; (6) CKD applied on a neutralizing equivalent basis at the recommended application rate; and (7) CKD on a neutralizing equivalent basis at 1.5 times the recommended lime application; equivalence based on CKD’s apparent neutralizing value at 75% that of lime. In 1998, as tissue concentrations of K, Ca, Cu, and Mn increased with CKD application, the concentrations of N, P and Mg decreased, and in 1999, as the concentrations of Ca, K increased, the concentrations of N, P, Mg Mn, Zn decreased. Lime application increased the concentration of Mg (1998) and Ca and Mg (1999). The concentration of the other nutrients either decreased or were not significantly affected. In1998, forage yield and accumulation of Ca, K, Mn, Cu, Zn and B all increased with CKD addition, whereas the accumulation of Mg increased with lime addition. In 1999, forage yield and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Cu, Zn and B in the forage tissue all increased with CKD addition. These results were identified by principal component analysis (PCA). Surface applied CKD increased forage yield to a greater extent than lime. It was also a more readily available source of Ca and K than lime.Key words: Cement kiln dust
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    Genotype × Region Interaction for Two-Row Barley Yield in Canada (2000)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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