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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermodynamic barrier to nucleation near a critical point (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 5655-5664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The revised capillarity approximation (RCPA) of McGraw and Reiss [J. Stat. Phys. 20, 385 (1979)] is reexamined using established liquid drop models to evaluate the effects of physical cluster excluded volume on the thermodynamic barrier to nucleation near a critical temperature Tc. A significant heightening of the nucleation barrier is predicted, and the anomalous behavior observed experimentally near Tc is examined within the framework of classical nucleation theory using the RCPA. Definitive methods for experimentally separating this pure nucleation effect from those dependent on slowing down of the post-nucleation completion times for phase separation are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457542
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional kinetics of binary nucleation in sulfuric acid–water mixtures (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 2098-2108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Homogeneous nucleation theory for binary mixtures is developed as a two-component extension of the classical multistate kinetics rate theory. A matrix formulation, based on the stochastic model of Shugard and Reiss [J. Chem. Phys. 65, 2827 (1976)], provides the framework for solving the strongly coupled two-dimensional flux network associated with tracking the evaporation and growth kinetics of each component for several thousand binary clusters, of varying composition, throughout the region of critical size. This approach avoids the assumption of a single nucleation path, e.g., through the saddle point of the binary free-energy surface, and considers, instead, all possible paths whose current density contributes to the nucleation rate. Calculations are presented for the steady-state nucleation rate and, by a new method based on the negative eigenvalue theorem, for the distribution of relaxation times in sulfuric acid–water mixtures. At water relative humidities typical of the atmosphere, quantitative agreement with the predictions of a closed-form rate expression due to Shugard et al. is found. At high supersaturations, typical of diffusion cloud chamber operation, the nucleation current is found to bypass the saddle point, due to kinetic forcing, resulting in a higher-than-expected nucleation rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468731
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuations, temperature, and detailed balance in classical nucleation theory (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 8983-8994 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The role of temperature in classical nucleation theory is examined. It is shown that while even small clusters are assigned a temperature in the classical theory, this must be a fluctuating quantity. Stochastic simulations of cluster evaporation and growth are presented to track the temperature fluctuations in time. The relation 〈||δT||2〉=kT20/Cν for the mean square temperature fluctuation is confirmed, where k is the Boltzmann constant, Cν is the cluster heat capacity, and T0 is the bath temperature. For small capillary drops (50–100 molecules), the resulting rms temperature fluctuations of 10°–20° might be expected to have a significant effect on the nucleation rate. However, the simulations reveal a cluster temperature distribution that is centered several degrees below T0. A theory is presented to explain this effect. To first order, which includes Gaussian fluctuations of the cluster temperature T, we find that the effective temperature for cluster evaporation is T−h/2Cν, where h is the latent heat. This temperature correction is precisely that required by detailed balance and results both in a centering of the cluster temperature distribution on T0 and a cancellation of any significant effect of temperature fluctuations on the nucleation rate. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468952
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial curvature free energy, the Kelvin relation, and vapor–liquid nucleation rate (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 5284-5287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interfacial curvature free energy is shown to cause a significant barrier height correction to the classical nucleation rate. This correction is found to be temperature dependent, but independent of nucleus size. Density functional (DF) calculations are presented for a nonuniform spherical droplet model of the nucleus. Calculations for the surface tension, as a function of nucleus size, and for the interfacial curvature free energy support theoretical predictions and provide an explanation for systematic discrepancies between classical and DF nucleation theories and between the classical theory and experiment. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473527
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Condensation nuclei production from sulfur dioxide photooxidation in air (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 86 (1982), S. 2750-2752 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100211a038
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhizomatous Birdsfoot Trefoil Exhibits a Unique Response to Nitrogen-Free Conditions (1998)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 90 (1998), S. 709-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Lotus corniculatus L.) from Morocco exhibit rhizomes, but little is known about their N2-fixation characteristics. Our objective was to evaluate the N2-fixations capacity of rhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil infected by native rhizobia or by strains used in commercial inoculants. An additional objective was to assess the N2-fixing potential of two Moroccan isolates, R.L. 5797 and R.L. 5758, on commercial cultivars of birdsfoot trefoil. Seedlings of 'Norcen', 'AU Dewey', and a Moroccan rhizomatous entry, designated 'RBRC', were individually inoculated with commercial strains BFT027, BFT028, BFT030, 1710-2, CB756, or strains R.L. 5797 or R.L. 5758. Control treatments were noninoculated seedlings with or without supplemental N. Surprisingly, the seedling mass of RBRC was equal (P 〉 0.05) for all treatments. Norcen exhibited its greatest seedling mass when inoculated with strain BFT027; AU Dewey, with strain R.L. 5797. The rhizomatous RBRC did not show specificity for native Moroccan isolates of rhizobia, but these isolates effectively nodulated the commercial cultivars of birdsfoot trefoil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleation near a critical temperature (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 20 (1979), S. 385-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Nucleation near critical point ; excluded volume in nucleation ; hard sphere boundary tension ; scaled particle theory ; supercooling limit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we extend the conventional theory of nucleation to take in the effects of excluded-volume interference between the precritical droplets present prior to phase transformation. It is shown that, close to the critical point, the effect of excluded volume is to cause a sizable increase in the surface free energy of the critical nucleus. A corresponding increase in the barrier to nucleation explains the large undercoolings achieveable experimentally in this region. Our results are compared with recent experimental measurements of Heady and Cahn and favorable agreement is found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01011779
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homogeneous nucleation of metals in a plasma-quench reactor (1996)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 16 (1996), S. 249-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Homogeneous nucleation ; metal vapors ; supersonic flow nozzle ; plasma quench reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We present a new and general application of the method of moments for modeling the nucleation of condensates in a steady-state supersonic nozzle flora generated in a plasma-quench reactor. A closed set of growth/evaporation rate equations has been employed to propagate the moments of the particle size distribution without invoking the usual coarse-graining or truncation approximations of conventional binning approaches. The method has been employed to calculate the nucleation rates, particle number density, and the particle-size distribution for 11 elemental metals (Ag, Al, Be, Ce, Cr, Fe, Gd, Ti, Th, U, and Zr) condensing in a model argon nozzle flow. We have identified the regions in the nozzle of maximum nucleation rate, and have shown how different particle-size distributions can develop in different regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570181
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  • 9
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    Scaling Properties of the Critical Nucleus in Classical and Molecular-Based Theories of Vapor-Liquid Nucleation (1996)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-04-08
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 10
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    A unifying identity for the work of cluster formation in heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation theory (2018)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-28
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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