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  • 1
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    Multimodal Perception and Multicriterion Control of Nested Systems (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The purpose of this report is to identify the essential characteristics of goal-directed whole-body motion. The report is organized into three major sections (Sections 2, 3, and 4). Section 2 reviews general themes from ecological psychology and control-systems engineering that are relevant to the perception and control of whole-body motion. These themes provide an organizational framework for analyzing the complex and interrelated phenomena that are the defining characteristics of whole-body motion. Section 3 of this report applies the organization framework from the first section to the problem of perception and control of aircraft motion. This is a familiar problem in control-systems engineering and ecological psychology. Section 4 examines an essential but generally neglected aspect of vehicular control: coordination of postural control and vehicular control. To facilitate presentation of this new idea, postural control and its coordination with vehicular control are analyzed in terms of conceptual categories that are familiar in the analysis of vehicular control.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: NASA/TP-3703 , S-835 , NAS 1.60:3703
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Effect of Long-Duration Spaceflight on Postural Control During Self-Generated Perturbations (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-02
    Description: This report is the first systematic evaluation of the effects of prolonged weightlessness on the bipedal postural control processes during self-generated perturbations produced by voluntary upper limb movements. Spaceflight impacts humans in a variety of ways, one of which is compromised postflight postural control. We examined the neuromuscular activation characteristics and center of pressure motion (COP) associated with arm movement of eight subjects who experienced long duration spaceflight (3-6 months) aboard the Mir space station. Surface electromyography (EMG), arm acceleration, and COP motion were collected while astronauts performed rapid unilateral shoulder flexions prior to and after spaceflight. Subjects displayed compromised postural control after flight as evidenced by modified peak-to-peak COP anterior-posterior and medio-lateral motion and COP pathlength relative to preflight values. These changes were associated with disrupted neuromuscular activation characteristics, particularly after the completion of arm acceleration (i.e. when subjects were attempting to maintain their upright posture). These findings suggest that although the subjects were able to assemble coordination modes that enabled them to generate rapid arm movements, the subtle control necessary to maintain bipedal equilibrium evident in their preflight performance is compromised after long duration spaceflight.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Effects of space flight on locomotor control (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: In the microgravity environment of spaceflight, the relationship between sensory input and motor output is altered. During prolonged missions, neural adaptive processes come into play to recalibrate central nervous system function, thereby permitting new motor control strategies to emerge in the novel sensory environment of microgravity. However, the adaptive state achieved during spaceflight is inappropriate for a unit gravity environment and leads to motor control alterations upon return to Earth that include disturbances in locomotion. Indeed, gait and postural instabilities following the return to Earth have been reported in both U.S. astronauts and Russian cosmonauts even after short duration (5- to 10-day) flights. After spaceflight, astronauts may: (1) experience the sensation of turning while attempting to walk a straight path, (2) encounter sudden loss of postural stability, especially when rounding corners, (3) perceive exaggerated pitch and rolling head movements during walking, (4) experience sudden loss of orientation in unstructured visual environments, or (5) experience significant oscillopsia during locomotion.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project; 5.5-1 - 5.5-57; NASA/SP-1999-534
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  • 4
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    Understanding Skill in EVA Mass Handling (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Key attributes of skilled mass handling were identified through an examination of lessons learned by the extravehicular activity operational community. These qualities were translated into measurable quantities. The operational validity of the ground-based investigation was improved by building a device that increased the degrees of freedom of extravehicular mobility unit motion on the Precision Air-Bearing Floor. The results revealed subtle patterns of interaction between motions of an orbital replacement unit mockup and mass handler that should be important for effective performance on orbit. The investigation also demonstrated that such patterns can be measured with a variety of common instruments and under imperfect conditions of observation.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: NASA/TP-1998-3684/Vol-3 , NAS 1.60:3684/Vol-3 , S-827
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  • 5
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    Dynamic Visual Acuity While Walking in Normals and Labyrinthine-Deficient Patients (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We describe a new, objective, easily administered test of dynamic visual acuity (DVA) while walking. Ten normal subjects and five patients with histories of severe bilateral vestibular dysfunctions participated in this study. Subjects viewed a visual display of numerals of different font sizes presented on a laptop computer while they stood still and while they walked on a motorized treadmill. Treadmill speed was adapted for 4 of 5 patients. Subjects were asked to identify the numerals as they appeared on the computer screen. Test results were reasonably repeatable in normals. The percent correct responses at each font size dropped slightly while walking in normals and dropped significantly more in patients. Patients performed significantly worse than normals while standing still and while walking. This task may be useful for evaluating post-flight astronauts and vestibularly impaired patients.
    Keywords: Behavioral Sciences
    Type: Journal of Vestibular Research (ISSN 0957-4271); 9; 49-57
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Requirements for Modeling and Simulation for Space Medicine Operations: Preliminary Considerations (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The NASA Space Medicine program is now developing plans for more extensive use of high-fidelity medical Simulation systems. The use of simulation is seen as means to more effectively use the limited time available for astronaut medical training. Training systems should be adaptable for use in a variety of training environments, including classrooms or laboratories, space vehicle mockups, analog environments, and in microgravity. Modeling and simulation can also provide the space medicine development program a mechanism for evaluation of other medical technologies under operationally realistic conditions. Systems and procedures need preflight verification with ground-based testing. Traditionally, component testing has been accomplished, but practical means for "human in the loop" verification of patient care systems have been lacking. Medical modeling and simulation technology offer potential means to accomplish such validation work. Initial considerations in the development of functional requirements and design standards for simulation systems for space medicine are discussed.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-6481 , Outer Space, Inner Space, Virtual Space; Jan 24, 2001 - Jan 27, 2001; Newport Beach, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Development and Operation of a Modern Information Portal for the ISS Medical Groups (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This viewgraph presentation begins with a review of some of the problems inherent in running medical services for the International Space Station. Part of the solution for the problems is the development of the information portal for the ISS medical groups. The presentation shows the tools that have been developed to assist in collaboration for the medical services, the security system and the capabilities of the portal.
    Keywords: Computer Systems
    Type: 78th Annual ASMA Scientific Meeting; May 13, 2007 - May 17, 2007; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Overview and Results of ISS Space Medicine Operations Team (SMOT) Activities (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Space Medicine Operations Team (SMOT) was created to integrate International Space Station (ISS) Medical Operations, promote awareness of all Partners, provide emergency response capability and management, provide operational input from all Partners for medically relevant concerns, and provide a source of medical input to ISS Mission Management. The viewgraph presentation provides an overview of educational objectives, purpose, operations, products, statistics, and its use in off-nominal situations.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: ASMA Annual Conference; May 13, 2007 - May 17, 2007; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Understanding Skill in EVA Mass Handling (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The empirical investigation of extravehicular activity (EVA) mass handling conducted on NASA's Precision Air-Bearing Floor led to a Phase I SBIR from JSC. The purpose of the SBIR was to design an innovative system for evaluating space suit mobility and stability in conditions that simulate EVA on the surface of the Moon or Mars. The approach we used to satisfy the Phase I objectives was based on a structured methodology for the development of human-systems technology. Accordingly the project was broken down into a number of tasks and subtasks. In sequence, the major tasks were: 1) Identify missions and tasks that will involve EVA and resulting mobility requirements in the near and long term; 2) Assess possible methods for evaluating mobility of space suits during field-based EVA tests; 3) Identify requirements for behavioral evaluation by interacting with NASA stakeholders;.4) Identify necessary and sufficient technology for implementation of a mobility evaluation system; and 5) Prioritize and select technology solutions. The work conducted in these tasks is described in this final volume of the series on EVA mass handling. While prior volumes in the series focus on novel data-analytic techniques, this volume addresses technology that is necessary for minimally intrusive data collection and near-real-time data analysis and display.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: NASA/TP-1999-3684-Vol-4 , NAS 1.60:3684-Vol-4 , S-827
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Multimodal Preception and Multicriterion Control of Nested Systems (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Our theoretical and empirical research on the whole-body coordination during locomotion led to a Phase 1 SBIR grant from NASA JSC. The purpose of the SBIR grant was to design an innovative system for evaluating eye-head-trunk coordination during whole-body perturbations that are characteristic of locomotion. The approach we used to satisfy the Phase 1 objectives was based on a structured methodology for the development of human-systems technology. Accordingly the project was broken down into a number of tasks and subtasks. In sequence, the major tasks were: (1) identify needs for functional assessment of visual acuity under conditions involving whole-body perturbation within the NASA Space Medical Monitoring and Countermeasures (SMMaC) program and in other related markets; (2) analyze the needs into the causes and symptoms of impaired visual acuity under conditions involving whole-body perturbation; (3) translate the analyzed needs into technology requirements for the Functional Visual Assessment Test (FVAT); (4) identify candidate technology solutions and implementations of FVAT; and (5) prioritize and select technology solutions. The work conducted in these tasks is described in this final volume of the series on Multimodal Perception and Multicriterion Control of Nested Systems. While prior volumes (1 and 2) in the series focus on theoretical foundations and novel data-analytic techniques, this volume addresses technology that is necessary for minimally intrusive data collection and near-real-time data analysis and display.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: NASA/TP-1999-3703 , S-835 , NAS 1.60:3703
    Format: application/pdf
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