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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants regenerated from selected NaCl tolerant cell lines (1987)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 6 (1987), S. 417-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Selection of stable, NaCl tolerant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cell lines was accomplished by a step-up selection procedure, whereby cell lines originally selected for tolerance at 0.5% NaCl were subsequently selected at 1.0% NaCl. Sodium chloride tolerant cell lines retained tolerance following four subcultures (16 weeks) on control media (0% NaCl). Plants were regenerated from selected NaCl tolerant cell lines of three initial genotypes, one diploid (2n=2x=16) and two tetraploids (2n=4x=32). In addition, plants were regenerated from control cell lines maintained on 0% NaCl media for the same duration. Plants regenerated from NaCl tolerant cell lines were characterized by extensive somaclonal variation compared to plants regenerated from control lines. Morphologically, all plants regenerated from NaCl tolerant cell lines are abnormal and many (44.7%) were extreme dwarfs (maximum height of 5 cm). The grossly aberrant phenotypes prevented an in-depth characterization of many of the plants regenerated from NaCl tolerant cell lines. Most plants regenerated from NaCl tolerant cell lines had unbalanced polyploid chromosome sets with the most extreme cytogenetic variant having 106 chromosomes. In contrast, 98.5% of the plants regenerated from control cell lines were euploid (85% were tetraploid, 15% were octoploid). Isozyme phenotypes of the plants from NaCl tolerant cell lines were also extensively altered, compared to plants from control cell lines. In vitro NaCl tolerance was maintained following plant regeneration for nine of the 12 regenerants tested. Importantly, whole plant NaCl tolerance was expressed in two of the seven regenerated plants tested at the whole plant level; however, only one of these plants has flowered and is both male and female sterile; the other plant has never flowered. Although NaCl tolerant alfalfa cell lines are efficiently selected, the extensive somaclonal variation that accompanied the selection was a deterrent to successful recovery of heritable NaCl tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272772
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecific hybridization of perennial Medicago species using ovule-embryo culture (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1986), S. 772-783 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Ovule culture ; Embryo culture ; Embryorescue ; Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) ; Lucerne ; Peroxidase ; Isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary New interspecific hybrids between alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and several perennial Medicago species were obtained by embryo rescue techniques. The methodology, designated ovule-embryo culture, involved preculturing the fertilized ovule (10 to 20 days post-pollination) for a period of six to 12 days followed by excision and direct culture of the embryo. Placement of the hybrid embryo directly onto culture medium without the interim ovule culture was unsuccessful. Ovule culture to germination without removing the embryo also was unsuccessful. Ovule-embryo culture was essential for recovering interspecific hybrids between diploid alfalfa (2n=2x=16) and the following diploid (2n=2x=16) species: M. hybrida Traut., M. marina L., M. papillosa Boiss., M. rhodopea Velen. and M. rupestris M.B. In addition, trispecies hybrids between M. sativa x M. dzhawakhetica Bordz. F1 hybrids (2n=3x=24) and either M. cancellata M.B. (2n=6x=48) or M. saxatilis M.B. (2n=6x=48) were obtained from ovuleembryo culture. Media manipulations using M. sativa x M. rupestris F1 and first backcross generation embryos demonstrated the optimum concentration of 12.5 mM NH4 + for successful embryo rescue; ammonium salt formulation (whether chloride, nitrate or sulfate) was not critical. From a few thousand crosses, hybrids between M. sativa and either M. rhodopea or M. rupestris were recovered relatively efficiently with 157 and 66 hybrids, respectively. However, only 13 hybrids between M. sativa and M. papillosa were obtained from more than 2,000 crosses, and just two hybrids each have been recovered from the combinations M. sativa x M. hybrida and M. sativa x M. marina from 2,000 to 3,000 crosses. The predominant chromosome number between diploid alfalfa and the other diploid perennial species was 2n=2x=16. Morphology of the hybrids was generally intermediate. Electrophoretic analysis of the F1 hybrids and parental clones on uniform or gradient polyacrylamide gels demonstrated that peroxidase phenotypes could be used to confirm hybridity. For all interspecific combinations there was at least one peroxidase isozyme unique to the wild species that was present in the F1 interspecific hybrid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276417
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue culture evaluation of NaCl tolerance in Medicago species: Cellular versus whole plant response (1987)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 6 (1987), S. 31-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tissue culture responses to three levels of NaCl (0, 85mM and 170 mM) were evaluated in several Medicago species including: M. dzhawakhetica, M. marina, M. rhodopea, M. rupestris, M. sativa (alfalfa) and M. suffruticosa. The whole plant responses of the same genotypes were evaluated in half-strength Hoagland's solution containing 0, 51.5, and 103 mM NaCl. One or more genotypes of M. dzhawakhetica, M. rhodopea, M. rupestris, and M. sativa exhibited in vitro NaCl tolerance at 85 mM. In addition, one genotype each of M. dzhawakhetica, M. rhodopea, and M. sativa was tolerant of 170 mM NaCl. However, all of the genotypes that demonstrated NaCl tolerance in vitro were NaCl sensitive at the whole plant level. Conversely, M. marina the only species exhibiting whole plant NaCl tolerance, had the most NaCl sensitive genotypes at the in vitro level. Although an in vitro NaCl tolerance mechanism which confers whole plant NaCl tolerance was not observed, a potential NaCl tolerance germplasm source, M. marina, was identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269733
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Messenger RNA induction in cellular salt tolerance of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 8 (1989), S. 6-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A salt tolerant alfalfaMedicago sativa L. cell line (HG2-N1) has been selected for growth in 171 mM NaCl. The salt tolerance characteristic is stable and is retained after growth in absence of salt selection for two months.In vitro translation was used to compare mRNA composition from the salt tolerant HG2-N1 and parent salt sensitive HG2 cell lines grown in the presence and absence of 171 mM NaCl. The results suggest that the mRNA composition differs between HG2-N1 and HG2 in a number of RNA species. The salt tolerant HG2-N1 shows both increases and decreases in specific polypeptides as compared to HG2. Many of the enhanced polypeptide bands from mRNA in the salt tolerant HG2-N1 variant appear to be constitutively expressed, since they can be detected from HG2-N1 cells grown in presence and absence of NaCl, but the expression of a few bands may depend on the presence of added NaCl. Most enhanced polypeptides, which are detected from mRNA in the salt tolerant variant HG2-N1 (grown on NaCl) are different from polypeptide bands enhanced in the salt sensitive HG2 line as a result of 24 hour salt stress. Similar results were obtained from two dimensional analysis ofin vivo labeled polypeptides. At least one isolated cDNA clone shows selective expression of mRNA in salt tolerant cells grown in NaCl. These results indicate that adaptive mechanisms for salt tolerance may differ in some aspects from acute stress mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00735767
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single cross alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hybrids produced via 2n gametes and somatic chromosome doubling: experimental and theoretical comparisons (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 80-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: 2n Gametes ; Alfalfa ; Lucerne ; Medicago sativa L. ; Colchicine doubling ; First division restitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The potential breeding value of 2n gametes from diploid alfalfa (2n = 2x = 16) was tested by comparing single cross alfalfa hybrids produced via 2n = 2x gametes from diploids versus n = 2x gametes from somatic-chromosome-doubled, tetraploid counterparts. Three diploid clones, designated 2x-(rprp), homozygous for the gene rp (conditions 2n gamete formation by a first division restitution mechanism) were colchicine-doubled to produce their tetraploid counterparts, designated 4x-(SCD). These six clones were crossed as males to the same cytoplasmic male sterile clone. Yield comparisons of progeny from the six clones demonstrated a significant yield increase of the hybrid progeny from 2n = 2x gametes from the diploids over the hybrid progeny from n = 2x gametes from the chromosome doubled tetraploid counterparts. The yield gain ranged from a 12% increase to a 32% increase. Theoretical comparisons indicated the 2n = 2x gametes from diploids would have 12.5 to 50% more heterozygous loci, on average, than the n = 2x gametes derived from somatic doubling. These results confirm the importance of heterozygosity on alfalfa yield, and the results demonstrate that 2n gametes formed by first division restitution offer a unique method for producing highly heterotic alfalfa hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261459
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  • 6
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    Combining meteorites and missions to explore Mars (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-03
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Tissue Culture Initiation and Plant Regeneration in Hexaploid Species of Oats 1 (1981)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    Registration of Cusn-242 CLS4 Germplasm (1984)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    X-ray absorption characterization of Cr in forsterite within the MacAlpine Hills 88136 EL3 chondritic meteorite (2014)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-03
    Description: Chromium K -edge X-ray absorption spectra were collected to characterize Cr in forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4 ) as well as sulfides within the MAC 88136 EL3 chondrite to determine Cr valence and to see whether forsterite within this meteorite can be used as a Cr 2+ -silicate standard. Spectra were measured on several areas within a nearly pure 100 x 200 μm forsterite grain containing 0.13 wt% Cr. XANES findings indicate highly reduced Cr 2+ species, with no clear evidence of Cr 3+ or Cr 6+ . EXAFS data indicate an average 2.02 Å Cr-O nearest-neighbor distance, consistent with Cr-O distances found in square-planar Cr 2+ O 4 sites observed in synthetic crystalline silicates, and an average 2.69 Å Cr-Si second-nearest neighbor distance, consistent with Cr 2+ substituting for Mg 2+ in the forsterite M(1) site. Nearest-neighbor Debye-Waller factor and coordination number parameters indicate Cr 2+ is likely entering forsterite in disordered sites that are possible intermediates between M(1) and square-planar Cr 2+ O 4 configurations. Preliminary Cr XAS measurements on sulfides within this meteorite also indicate Cr 2+ in CrS 6 octahedra.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 10
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    Cultivated Alfalfa at the Diploid Level: Origin, Reproductive Stability, and Yield of Seed and Forage 1 (1979)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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