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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA Analysis of Pneumocystis Infecting a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 48 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00471.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and Molecular Analysis of the galE Gene of Neisseria meningitidis and Its Role in Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 730 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44256.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virulence of a Proteus mirabilis ATF isogenic mutant is not impaired in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 29 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Proteus mirabilis, a common cause of urinary tract infection, produces a number of different fimbriae, including ambient temperature fimbriae (ATF). These fimbriae are optimally expressed at 23°C and their contribution to urinary tract infection has so far remained unknown. In the present study, a clinical isolate of P. mirabilis and an isogenic allelic replacement mutant unable to express ATF were tested for their ability to cause infection in the ascending urinary tract infection model in mice. The atf mutant colonised the urinary tract as well as the wild-type strain and was also able to outcompete the wild-type strain in a co-challenge experiment. Different non-clinical P. mirabilis isolates showed a reactive AtfA band after Western blot analysis using a polyclonal rabbit AtfA antiserum. These data together suggest that ATF does not play a role in P. mirabilis urinary tract infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01516.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an in vivo Himar1 transposon mutagenesis system for use in Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 238 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Streptococcus equi subsp. equi is the causative agent of the equine disease strangles. In this study we describe the development of an in vivo Himar1 transposon system for the random mutagenesis of S. equi and, potentially, other Gram-positive bacteria. We demonstrate efficient and random transposition of a modified mini-transposon onto the chromosome by Southern blot analysis and insertion site sequencing. Non-haemolytic mutants were isolated at a frequency of 0.2%, and acapsular mutants at a frequency of 0.04%. Taken together, these data demonstrate that in vivo Himar1 mutagenesis can be used for genomic-scale mutational analysis of S. equi, and is likely to be applicable to the study of other streptococci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09782.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New aspects of the role of MR/P fimbriae in Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infection (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Proteus mirabilis, a common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), produces a number of different fimbriae including mannose-resistant Proteus-like fimbriae (MR/P). The precise role of different P. mirabilis fimbriae in ascending UTI has not yet been elucidated. In this study, a clinical isolate of P. mirabilis and an isogenic mutant unable to express MR/P were tested using different experimental approaches. They were tested for their ability to cause infection in an ascending co-infection model of UTI and in a haematogenous model in the mouse. In both models, the mutant was less able than the wild-type strain to colonise the lower and upper urinary tracts although infectivity was not abolished. In vitro adherence to uroepithelial cells was also assessed. Significant differences in adherence between both strains were observed at 1 h but not at 15 min post infection. We have also shown that a wild-type strain carries two copies of the mrpA gene. These data reinforce the importance of MR/P fimbriae in P. mirabilis UTI although other virulence factors may be necessary for efficient colonisation and development of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00507.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and functional analysis of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus wlb from Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Molecular microbiology 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Bordetella pertussis wlb locus (wlbpe, formerly bpl ) is required for the biosynthesis of a trisaccharide that, when attached to the B. pertussis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core (band B), generates band A LPS. The equivalent loci in Bordetella bronchiseptica (wlbbr) and Bordetella parapertussis (wlbpa) were identified and cloned. The wlbbr and wlbpa loci differ from wlbpe in that they lack the insertion sequence that defines the right-hand terminus of wlbpe. Deletion of 12 kb of DNA containing the whole wlb locus (Δwlb) by allelic exchange in each of the three bordetellae had no effect on band B biosynthesis, whereas band A biosynthesis was prevented in B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica. In B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis, Δwlb mutants also lacked O-antigen. Reintroduction of the wlbpe or wlbbr loci on a shuttle vector into the three Δwlb mutants restored the wild-type LPS phenotype in the B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica mutants. In the case of B. parapertussis, which normally does not synthesize an apparent band A structure, introduction of the wlbpe or wlbbr loci now enabled the generation of band A. This suggests that the attachment point for band A trisaccharide on the LPS core is present in B. parapertussis, and further suggests that the wild-type wlbpa locus is not fully functional. Introduction of the wlbpa locus into the Δwlbpe, Δwlbbr and Δwlbpa mutants had interesting consequences. The B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis recipients were now able to biosynthesize O-antigen, but no band A was generated. In the B. pertussis recipient, a truncated band A was expressed consistent with a mutation in the wlbH gene, but on Western blotting the expression of a small amount of full-length band A was also seen. Evidence that the wlbHpa protein is not fully functional was provided by the failure of the wlbpa locus to fully complement a B. pertussis wlbH (ΔwlbHpe) mutant. This was supported by DNA sequence data showing that a single amino acid, conserved between homologous proteins from a range of bacteria, is altered in the B. parapertussis WlbH protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00878.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pilus-facilitated adherence of Neisseria meningitidis to human epithelial and endothelial cells: modulation of adherence phenotype occurs concurrently with changes in primary amino acid sequence and the glycosylation status of pilin (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 10 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Adherence of capsulate Neisseria meningitidis to endothelial and epithelial cells is facilitated in variants that express pili. Whereas piliated variants of N. meningitidis strain C311 adhered to endothelial cells in large numbers (〈150 bacteria/cell), derivatives containing specific mutations that disrupt pilE encoding the pilin subunit were both non-piliated and failed to adhere to endothelial cells (〈1 bacterium/ cell). In addition, meningococcal pili recognized human endothelial and epithelial cells but not cells originating from other animals. Variants of strain C311 were obtained that expressed pilins of reduced apparent Mr and exhibited a marked increase in adherence to epithelial cells. Structural analysis of pilins from two hyper-adherent variants and the parent strain were carried out by DNA sequencing of their pilE genes. Deduced molecular weights of pilins were considerably tower compared with their apparent Mr values on SDS-PAGE. Hyper-adherent pilins shared unique changes in sequence including substitution of Asn-113 for Asp-113 and changes from Asn-Asp-Thr-Asp to Thr-Asp-Ala-Lys at residues 127-130 in mature pilin. Asn residues 113 and 127 of‘parental’pilin both form part of the typical eukaryotic N-glycosylation motif Asn-X-Ser/Thr and could potentially be glycosylated post-translationally. The presence of carbohydrate on pilin was demonstrated and when pilins were deglycosylated, their migration on SDS-PAGE increased, supporting the notion that variable glycosylation accounts for discrepancies in apparent and deduced molecular weights. Functionally distinct pilins produced by two fully piliated variants of a second strain (MC58) differed only in that the putative glycosylation motif Asn-60-Asn-61-Thr-62 in an adherent variant was replaced with Asp-60-Asn-61-Ser-62 in a non-adherent variant. Fully adherent backswitchers obtained from the non-adherent variant always regained Asn-60 but retained Ser-62. We propose, therefore, that functional variations in N. meningitidis pili may be modulated in large part by primary amino acid sequence changes that ablate or create N-linked glycosylation sites on the pilin subunit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00972.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bordetella bronchiseptica PagP is a Bvg-regulated lipid A palmitoyl transferase that is required for persistent colonization of the mouse respiratory tract (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bordetella bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expression varies depending on growth conditions, regulated by the Bvg system. A B. bronchiseptica pagP homologue was identified that is required for Bvg-mediated modification of the lipid A core region of LPS that occurs on switching from the Bvg– to the Bvg+ phase. Structural analysis demonstrated that the lipid A of a B. bronchiseptica pagP mutant differed from wild-type lipid A by the absence of a palmitate group in secondary acylation at the C3′ position. The putative pagP promoter drove the expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene in a Bvg-regulated fashion. These data suggest that B. bronchiseptica pagP encodes a Bvg-regulated lipid A palmitoyl transferase that mediates modification of the lipid A as part of the overall Bvg-mediated adaptation of this organism to changing environmental conditions. We also show that pagP is not required for the initial colonization of the mouse respiratory tract by B. bronchiseptica, but is required for persistence of the organism within this organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03484.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A lethal role for lipid A in Salmonella infections (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Molecular microbiology 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Salmonella infections in naturally susceptible mice grow rapidly, with death occurring only after bacterial numbers in vivo have reached a high threshold level, commonly called the lethal load. Despite much speculation, no direct evidence has been available to substantiate a role for any candidate bacterial components in causing death. One of the most likely candidates for the lethal toxin in salmonellosis is endotoxin, specifically the lipid A domain of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule. Consequently, we have constructed a Salmonella mutant with a deletion–insertion in its waaN gene, which encodes the enzyme that catalyses one of the two secondary acylation reactions that complete lipid A biosynthesis. The mutant biosynthesizes a lipid A molecule lacking a single fatty acyl chain and is consequently less able to induce cytokine and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) responses both in vivo and in vitro. The mutant bacteria appear healthy, are not sensitive to increased growth temperature and synthesize a full-length O-antigen-containing LPS molecule lacking only the expected secondary acyl chain. On intravenous inoculation into susceptible BALB/c mice, wild-type salmonellae grew at the expected rate of approximately 10-fold per day in livers and spleens and caused the death of the infected mice when lethal loads of approximately 108 were attained in these organs. Somewhat unexpectedly, waaN mutant bacteria grew at exactly the same rate as wild-type bacteria in BALB/c mice but, when counts reached 108 per organ, mice infected with mutant bacteria survived. Bacterial growth continued until unprecedentedly high counts of 109 per organ were attained, when approximately 10% of the mice died. Most of the animals carrying these high bacterial loads survived, and the bacteria were slowly cleared from the organs. These experiments provide the first direct evidence that death in a mouse typhoid infection is directly dependent on the toxicity of lipid A and suggest that this may be mediated via pro-inflammatory cytokine and/or iNOS responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00952.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The identification, cloning and mutagenesis of a genetic locus required for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Bordetella pertussis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bordetella pertussis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is biologically active, being both toxic and immunogenic. Using transposon mutagenesis we have identified a genetic locus required for the biosynthesis of LPS in B. pertussis, which has been cloned and sequenced. We have also identified equivalent loci in Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis and cloned part of it from B. parapertussis. The amino acid sequences derived from most of the genes present in the sequenced B. pertussis locus are similar to proteins required for the biosynthesis of LPS and other complex polysaccharides from a variety of bacteria. The genes are in a unique arrangement in the locus. Several of the genes identified are similar to genes previously shown to play specific roles in LPS O-antigen biosynthesis. In particular, the amino acid sequence derived from one of the genes is similar to the enzyme encoded by rfbP from Salmonella enterica, which catalyses the transfer of galactose to the undecaprenol phosphate antigen carrier lipid as the first step in building oligosaccharide O-antigen units, which are subsequently assembled to form polymerized O-antigen structures. Defined mutation of this gene in the B. pertussis chromosome results in the inability to express band A LPS, possibly suggesting that the trisaccharide comprising band A is a single O-antigen-like structure and that B. pertussis LPS is similar to semi-rough LPS seen in some mutants of enteric bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.354877.x
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