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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Supplementing Ascorbic Acid (L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate) in Broodstock Diet of the White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2000.tb00709.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of water temperature on food intake, growth and body composition of Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) juveniles (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The optimum growth, food intake, food conversion efficiency, final body composition and mortality of juvenile Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) was studied at different temperatures, ranging from 22.5 to 36.3°C. The results showed that food intake and specific growth rate increase rising to an apparent optimum at about 33.1°C. Multiple regression equations were derived which can be used to predict food intake and specific growth rate when temperature and initial body weight are known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb01275.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sunflower seed meal as a protein source in diets for Tilapia rendalli (Boulanger, 1896) fingerlings (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study tested the use of sunflower seed meal as a dietary protein replacement for fishmeal in practical diets for tilapia fingerlings. In order to determine the optimum substitution level for this species, sunflower seed meal was used to replace 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of the fishmeal protein in diets containing 40% protein overall. During a 70-day feeding period, diets containing 10% and 20% plant protein provided the best growth and feeding efficiency results, with values statistically similar to those of the control diet based on fishmeal as the sole protein. The unitary feeding cost index showed the highest profit with diets containing 20% sunflower seed meal. Growth depletion observed with diets containing higher sunflower seed meal percentages is explained by increasing Phe and Met deficiencies, and high non-digestible fibre content. It was concluded that sunflower seed meal is a suitable feed ingredient for tilapia complete diets when it constitutes up to 20% of the dietary protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00666.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the use of the microalga Spirulina maxima as fish meal replacement in diets for tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), fry (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The present study addresses the use of the microalga Spirulina maxima as a protein source in diets for tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), fry. Animal protein was replaced with algae protein at ratios of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, and the substitution effect was compared with a control diet in which fish meal was the sole protein. An additional 100% spirulina protein diet was supplemented with phosphorous to test for possible mineral deficiency in the plant-protein-based diet. The six treatments were tested in triplicate in a closed-recirculating system where the fish were fed by hand at 6% of their body weight. After a 9-week feeding period, the growth rate and protein utilization of fish fed the diet with 20% and 40%Spirulina were elevated and not significantly different (P〉0.05) from those fed the control diet. Further increases in the alga protein content significantly decreased the growth and feeding performance. The addition of P to the 100%Spirulina diet slightly improved performance in comparison to the same diet without P. None of the treatments produced any clear adverse effects on carcass composition. It is observed that Spirulina can replace up to 40% of the fish meal protein in tilapia diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1998.29100709.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The optimum dietary protein level for the Mexican cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther): a comparison of estimates derived from experiments using fixed-rate feeding and satiation feeding (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Optimum dietary protein levels of young Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) of 0.3 g mean weight were determined at 28°C using two methods, a fixed feeding rate of 6% body weight per day and satiation feeding. In the fixed rate trials nine isoenergetic diets were formulated with protein levels ranging from 347 to 561 g kg−1 using brown fish meal (anchovy) as the only protein source. In the satiation feeding trials, ten diets were formulated based on brown fish meal (mackerel) ranging from 0 to 450g kg−1 protein.When fish were fed a fixed rate diet, the best absolute growth was obtained with diets between 435 and 560 g kg−1 protein. Broken-line analysis showed that, in terms of weight gain (%), the optimum protein level was about 453 g kg−1. When fish were fed to satiation, the best absolute growth was obtained with the 383 g kg−1 protein diet, and broken-line analysis suggested an optimum of about 325 g kg−1. The difference between the two results, using the two techniques, is very marked. The probable mechanism underlying these data is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.1996.tb00003.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus and calcium requirements in the diet of the American cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment was carried out with Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) juveniles to determine the phosphorus requirement and its interaction with dietary calcium. Twelve isoenergetic and isoproteic diets were prepared using a basal artificial diet containing vitamin-free casein, dextrin, starch, corn oil, fish oil, vitamin mixture and a mineral mixture free of calcium and phosphorus. Calcium and phosphorus levels were determined in the casein. To the basal diets were added different concentrations of phosphorus as potassium monophosphate (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 g kg–1) and calcium as calcium carbonate (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 4.0 g kg–1). These concentrations resulted in varying Ca–P ratios (1:1, 1.33:1, 1.5:1, 1.6:1 and 2.0:1). Calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the water were 84 mg kg–1 and 0.003 mg kg–1, respectively. The diet with 0.5 g kg–1 phosphorus resulted in deficiency signs such as reduced growth, high conversion ratio, high fat content and low bone mineralization. Increased levels of dietary calcium and phosphorus both gave improved growth and mineralization. Mineralization continued to increase with dietary phosphorus levels above that required for maximum growth. The optimum level of phosphorus in the diet was 1.5 g kg–1, the optimum calcium level was 1.8 g kg–1 and the optimum Ca–P ratio was 1.3. Carcass lipid levels were inversely related to dietary phosphorus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.2000.00118.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of torula yeast (Candida utilis) as a protein source in diets for tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters) fry (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 8 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 63  day–1 feeding trial was conducted under laboratory conditions to evaluate the effects of substituting animal protein with a mixture of plant feedstuffs including 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45% of the protein with torula yeast (Candida utilis), 20% with soybean meal and 15% with Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate (ALC), in diets for tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters) fry. Feeding efficiency was compared against a diet with fish meal as the sole protein source. Diet nutritional quality was very similar independent of composition, with no differences in growth parameters, but fish fed with 30% yeast diet showed the best growth performance. Diet composition did not affect feed or protein utilization, with the best feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and apparent nitrogen utilization in the 25% yeast diet. Protein digestibility was above 80% for all diets, and no differences in carcass composition were observed. The best incidence cost was obtained with 25% yeast and the highest profit index with 30% yeast, but no statistical differences were observed with the other treatments. The results suggest that it is possible to replace up to 65% of animal protein with a mixture of plant proteins, including 30% from torula yeast, in tilapia fry diets without adverse effects on fish performance and culture profit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.2002.00215.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tolerance to salinity, respiratory characteristics and potential for aquaculture of the Central American cichlid, Cichlasoma synspilum (Hubbs, 1935) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The salinity tolerance of Cichlasoma synspilum (Hubbs) fry was measured at intervals up to 144 h. Good survival was obtained only up to about 5%o, and 100% mortality was recorded after 4 h at 20%o. The 144-h LC50 was estimated to be 14.5%o and this species is clearly a very stenohaline, freshwater animal. Respiratory rates of animals from 0.8 to 245 g were measured in fresh water at temperatures of 20,25, 30 and 35 C. The rates were similar to those in other cichlids, but were notably lower than those recorded for Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther). This species has potential for aquaculture in fresh water and marginal brackish waters within its natural range, and the experiments reported here provide useful background data for system design and husbandry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb00987.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hatching of the queen conch, Strombus gigas L., based on early life studies (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 22 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. This study is based on a description of the anatomical development of live eggs and larval characteristics of queen conch, Strombus gigas L., before hatching, and the development of these characteristics at five different temperatures (24°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C and 32°C). The effect of temperature was quantified with reference to six easily identifiable morphological changes, selected from 27 identified characteristics. The relationship between the appearance of the six characteristics and water temperature was used to calculate the minimal biological temperature (MBT) for queen conch. The “degree days” for each characteristic until hatching were determined. These data can be used to predict ihc hatching time at predetermined temperatures in culture systems. The work also has the benefit of providing synchronously developed material for S. gigas for developmental, biological, physiological and biochemical research of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1991.tb00489.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digestibility studies in juveniles of the Mexican cichlid, Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A simple trial is described to determine the effects of brown fish meal, solvent extracted soybean meal, raw wheat meal, raw starch and dextrin on diet digestibility in juveniles of the Mexican cichlid, Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Gümher). The effects of possible anti-nutrients in the feedstuffs used were assessed with the purpose of designing practical diets. The results did not show any effect attributable to anti-nutrients, but showed that high dietary fibre levels reduced digestibility. The carbohydrates of soybean meal were poorly digested compared with the other sources utilized. These results suggest that the substitution of fish meal by soybean meat and other plant proteins could be increased to reduce costs of practical diets for this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1988.tb00584.x
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