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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biota as ancient and modern modulator of the Earth's atmosphere (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Gaia ; Paleoatmospheres ; Atmospheric oxygen ; Photosynthesis ; Microbial gas exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The composition of the Earth's atmosphere is thought to have been highly modified by surface microbiotas and modulated around quantities of gases optimized for growth of these microbiotas. Three diagrams are presented: The first shows a probable order of appearance of major metabolic pathways in microbes that interact with sediment and atmosphere. It is based on evolutionary considerations and was devised independently of the fossil record. The second diagram shows the qualitative emissions and removals of atmospheric gases by obligately anaerobic organisms; it approximates those processes thought to have dominated the Earth's atmosphere in Archean times. The third diagrams gaseous emissions and removals by the major groups of organisms, including oxygen-releasing and utilizing forms. Biological gas exchange processes thought to have dominated the atmosphere since the Proterozoic are thus represented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636882
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Viking mission: Implications for life on Mars (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 14 (1979), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Mars biology experiment ; Pyrolytic Release (PR) ; Label Release (LR) ; Gas Exchange (GEX) ; Mars water ; Mars carbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The results of the Viking Biology experiments are best explained by non-biological phenomena: The interaction of the reagents with the materials comprising the regolith. Conditions of water activity, temperature, availability of carbon sources and others in most regions of the planet are too extreme for survival and growth of any known Earth microorganisms. Although the possibility persists that some very unusual form of life is somewhere on that planet the evidence is best interpreted as negative. Even though there is no evidence for current life on Mars, whether or not life ever originated there is not known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732380
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobilifilum chasei: Morphology and ecology of a spirochete from an intertidal stratified microbial mat community (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 153 (1990), S. 422-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Borrelia burgdorferi ; Intertidal cyanobacterial mats ; Mexican microbes ; Microbial community ecology ; Microbial mats ; Microcoleus ; Mobilifilum ; Spirochaeta ; Spirochete flagella ; Spirochete ultrastructure ; Thiocapsa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spirochetes were found in the lower anoxiphototrophic layer of a stratified microbial mat (North Pond, Laguna Figueroa, Baja California, Mexico). Ultrastructural analysis of thin sections of field samples revealed spirochetes approximately 0.25 μm in diameter with 10 or more periplasmic flagella, leading to the interpretation that these spirochetes bear 10 flagellar insertions on each end. Morphometric study showed these free-living spirochetes greatly resemble certain symbiotic ones, i.e., Borrelia and certain termite spirochetes, the transverse sections of which are presented here. The ultrastructure of this spirochete also resembles Hollandina and Diplocalyx (spirochetes symbiotic in arthropods) more than it does Spirochaeta, the well known genus of mud-dwelling spirochetes. The new spirochete was detected in mat material cellected both in 1985 and in 1987. Unique morphology (i.e., conspicuous outer coat of inner membrane, large number of periplasmic flagella) and ecology prompt us to name a new free-living spirochete.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248421
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spirosymplokos deltaeiberi nov. gen., nov. sp.: variable-diameter composite spirochete from microbial mats (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 160 (1993), S. 461-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Borrelia ; Composite spirochetes ; Cristispira ; Granulated cytoplasm ; Hollandina ; Phototactic spirochetes ; Microcoleus chthonoplastes ; Pillotaceae ; Spirochete morphometrics ; Spirochete ultrastructure ; Spirosymplokos deltaeiberi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Large (up to 100 μm long), loosely coiled, free-living spirochetes with variable diameters (from 0.4 to 3 μm in the same cell) were seen at least 40 times between August 1990 and January 1993. These spirochetes were observed in mud water and enrichment media from highly specific habitats in intertidal evaporite flats at three disjunct localities, one in Spain and two in Mexico. All three are sites of commerical saltworks. Associated with Microcoleus chthonoplastes, the large spirochetes from Spain display phototaxis and a composite organization. Shorter and smaller-diameter spirochetes are seen inside both healthy and spent periplasm of larger ones. Small spirochetes attached to large ones have been observed live. From two to twelve spirochete protoplasmic cylinders were seen inside a single common outer membrane. A distinctive granulated cytoplasm in which the granules are of similar diameter (20–32 nm) to that of the flagella (26 nm) was present. Granule diameters were measured in thin section and in negatively-stained whole-mount preparations. Based on their ultrastructure, large size, variable diameter, number of flagella (3 to 6), and phototactic behavior these unique spirochetes are formally named Spirosymplokos deltaeiberi. Under anoxic (or low oxygen) conditions they formed blooms in mixed culture in media selective for spirochetes. Cellobiose was the major carbon source in 80% seawater, the antibiotic rifampicin was added, mat from the original field site was present and tubes were incubated in the light at from 18–31 °C. Within 1–2 weeks populations of the large spirochete developed at 25 °C but they could not be transferred to fresh medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in biology reveal truth about prokaryotes (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 445 (2007), S. 21-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Although we agree with William Martin and Eugene V. Koonin's point in Correspondence (“A positive definition of prokaryotes” Nature 442, 868; 2006 doi:10.1038/442868c) about the validity of the term ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/445021b
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible Inhibition of Cilia Regeneration in Stentor coeruleus by Isopropyl- n -phenyl Carbamate (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 224 (1969), S. 180-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Stentor coeruleus, originally collected by Professor V, Tartar, were grown as previously described5, and induced to shed their oral membranellar bands by treatment with 2 per cent urea4'7. Control animals placed in Long Island spring water (LISW), collected directly from the spring at Cold Spring ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/224180a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cilia Regeneration in Stentor: Inhibition, Delay and Abnormalities Induced by Griseofulvin (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 16 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Stentor coeruleus were experimentally induced to shed their membranellar bands (MB), structures consisting of rows of cilia and their basal bodies. Control stentors entirely regenerate their MB's within 8-10 hours according to a well-known pattern. Stentors replaced in medium containing the fungicide and mitotic spindle inhibitor griseofulvin (10-5M) could be reversibly inhibited from regeneration for about 3 to more than 24 hours. If griseofulvin-inhibited cells were removed and washed, they regenerated like the controls. After about one day in 10-5M griseofulvin and at lower concentrations stentors eventually regenerated in the presence of the drug, but abnormally.Normal unshed stentors show certain minor cytological effects and are unable to divide in griseofulvin (10-5M); however, they can be maintained swimming actively for several weeks in nonlethal concentrations of the drug. Altho some induced abnormalities persist after removal from griseofulvin, all washed cells eventually revert to normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1969.tb02325.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BOOK REVIEW (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 25 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1978.tb04407.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Colchicine on Regenerating Membranellar Cilia in Stentor coeruleus (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 16 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Stentors treated with toxic substances can be induced to shed their oral bands (19, Fig. 1), complex structures composed of many cilia organized into membranelles. Regenerating membranellar bands were observed in control stentors removed from toxic (urea-containing) medium at about 3.5 hours. At 8 hours regenerated control organisms were indistinguishable from normal unshed stentors. Experimental animals replaced into colchicine medium were inhibited from regeneration at low, nontoxic concentrations of this mitotic spindle inhibitor. Upon removal of the colchicine and replacement of the shed animals into normal medium or normal medium to which GTP had been added, complete and normal regeneration of the membranellar band ensued. Our observations are consistent with many suggesting that colchicine acts by reversibly binding with a protein during processes involving microtubule formation. Colchicine inhibition of membranellar band formation further indicates that oral membranelles are specialized evolutionary homologs to other centriole (= basal body, = kinetosome) derivatives such as mitotic spindle fibers, cilia and flagella, axopods, etc. (structures containing the ubiquitous microtubules of eukaryotic cells).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1969.tb02250.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MICROTUBULES, UNDULIPODIA AND PILLOTINA SPIROCHETES (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 361 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb54377.x
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