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  • 1
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    Comparison of the information contents of LANDSAT TM and MSS data (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A communications-theory approach is taken to analyze the dispersion and concentration of signal values in various data spaces, irrespective of specific class membership. Entropy is used to quantify information, and mutual information is used to measure the information represented by subsets of spectral variables. Several different comparisons of information content are made. These include comparisons of system design capacities, of data volumes occupied by agricultural data in the spaces defined by original bands and by transformed spectral (Tasseled Cap) variables, of the information contents of original bands and Tasseled Cap variables, and of the information contents of TM and MSS for the given agricultural data sets. Also, the effects of sample size, scene content, and quantization level are examined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Study on Spectral(Radiometric Characteristics of the Thematic Mapper for Land Use Applications; p 39-48
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Study of spectral/radiometric characteristics of the Thematic Mapper for land use applications: Objectives, accomplishments, conclusions, and recommendations (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The objectives of this investigation are to quantify the performance of the Thematic Mapper, as manifested by the quality of its image data, in order to suggest improvements in data production and to assess the effects of the data quality on its utility for land resources applications. Analyses of radiometric, spatial, spectral, and geometric effects, with primary emphasis on radiometric effects are included. This effort is part of the LANDSAT 4/5 Image Data Quality Analysis (LIDQA) program sponsored by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Study on Spectral(Radiometric Characteristics of the Thematic Mapper for Land Use Applications; p 1-4
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  • 3
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    Information extraction techniques for multi-spectral scanner data (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Multispectral data recognition and information extraction problems considered are: (1) signature extension for improved recognition processing over large areas; (2) choice of density functions for recognition decision rules; (3) channel selection for cost reduction; and (4) radiation balance mapping for interpretation of wide spectrum scanner data. The formulation of a simulation model and reprocessing of both aircraft and space data reduces scan angle variations and extends signatures from one altitude to another. Comparison of the usefulness of empirical density functions and that of Gaussian density functions for recognition processing establishes the advantages of normal assumption for individual fields in processing of multispectral scanner data. Also reported is a procedure for producing radiation balance maps from wide spectra by analyzing energy budgets of vegetation and other surface materials through partitioning net absorbed radiant energy and estimating incoming power density at both short and long wavelengths.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., Vol. 2; 33 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Application of ERTS-1 data to analysis of agricultural crops and forests in Michigan (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The results reported are based on analysis of ERTS Frame 1033-15580 collected over southwestern Lower Michigan on August 25, 1972. Major agricultural crops such as corn and soybeans were approaching maturity at this data and forest canopies were dense. Extensive ground truth information was gathered by detailed field study of test strips. This detailed information was supplemented over larger areas by interpretation of RB-57 and C-47 photography and MSS imagery. Recognition processing of ERTS-1 MSS data was carried out on a digital computer. Fields and forest stands were selected as training sets and test areas. Aerial imagery was essential for locating the positions of these selected areas on ERTS digital tapes. The recognition process was successful for each type of vegetation which had a dense green canopy such as forests, corn, and soybeans. Bare soil was also recognizable as a category.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Symp. on Significant Results obtained from the ERTS-1, Vol. 1, Sect. A and B; p 173-180
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Information theoretic comparisons of original and transformed data from Landsat MSS and TM (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The dispersion and concentration of signal values in transformed data from the Landsat-4 MSS and TM instruments are analyzed using a communications theory approach. The definition of entropy of Shannon was used to quantify information, and the concept of mutual information was employed to develop a measure of information contained in several subsets of variables. Several comparisons of information content are made on the basis of the information content measure, including: system design capacities; data volume occupied by agricultural data; and the information content of original bands and Tasseled Cap variables. A method for analyzing noise effects in MSS and TM data is proposed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 6
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    Characterization of LANDSAT-4 MSS and TM digital image data (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The launch of LANDSAT-4 in July 1982 represents a continuation in the remote sensing of earth resources. The 80-m spatial resolution provided by the Multispectral Scanner (MSS) on board the satellite is fine enough to resolve many natural features and land-use details in both rural and urban settings. The second sensor of the spacecraft, the Thematic Mapper (TM), introduce a new era of sensing with refined spatial resolution (30 m) and expanded spectral coverage (7 bands). This paper describes results from engineering studies of the characteristics of digital image data from the two LANDSAT-4 sensors are described. These studies form a part of the LANDSAT-4 Image Data Quality Analysis program (LIDQA). The image data were generally found to be of high quality and the TM provided several improvements over the MSS, in its spatial and spectral characteristics.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Study on Spectral(Radiometric Characteristics of the Thematic Mapper for Land Use Applications; p 5-20
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Scan Angle and Detector Effects in Thematic Mapper Radiometry (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-18
    Description: The effects of scan angle and interdetector differences on thematic mapper radiometry were analyzed. The data set used for this study consisted of computer compatible tapes (CCT's) of raw data (CCT-BT), radiometrically corrected data (CCT-AT), and geometrically corrected data (CCT-PT) for two scenes, 40049-16262 (north central Iowa) and 40037-16031 (Arkansas). Radiometric corrections currently performed were found to improve overall consistency of data, but some residual stripping remains in the corrected data due to the quantization of signal values and other effects. A new type of banding was discovered which is related to the bi-directional scanning of TM. An initial empirical model was developed for correcting this effect in band 1, but should receive additional development. The scan angle effects observed corresponded to those expected based on atmospheric considerations and scene characteristics. Low frequency scan-to-scan noise was detected in band 1, band 7, and to a lesser extent in bands 2 and 3. The band 1 detectors which exhibited this noise showed strong correlation in their variation.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization Early Results, Vol. 3, Pt. 2; p 421-442
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  • 8
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    Investigation of Radiometric Properties of LANDSAT-4 MSS (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: Two full frames of radiometrically corrected (Type A) LANDSAT-4 MSS data were analyzed digitally and visually for evidence of residual calibration differences between detectors, quantization effects, and other sensor-related artifacts. Both standard statistical and Fourier analysis techniques were employed. Opportunities for coincident coverage by LANDSAT 3 and 4 were identified in the contiguous 48 states. Paired acquisitions for two scenes were obtained and analyzed to establish relatonships between signal values from common areas imaged by the MSS systems. Another pair with coverage by LANDSAT 2 and 4 was obtained and analyzed. Detector-to-detector differences, coherent noise, line length variation, and LANDSAT 4 to LANDSAT 3 calibration are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Invest. Summ., Including Dec. 1983 Workshop Results, Vol. 2; p 76-80
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  • 9
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    Scan-angle and Detector Effects in Thematic Mapper Radiometry (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: The performance of the Thematic Mapper (TM) as manifested by the quality of its image data is examined in order to suggest possible improvements for data production and assess the effects of data quality on its utility for land resources applications. The major emphasis is on the radiometric characteristics of TM data, with some attention to spatial and spectral characteristics.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Invest. Summ., Including Dec. 1983 Workshop Results, Vol. 2; p 23-27
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  • 10
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    Design, implementation, and results of LACIE field research (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: The capability to acquire, process, and interpret remotely sensed multispectral measurements of the energy reflected and emitted from crops, soils, and other Earth surface features is considered. The LACIE Field Measurements Project is described including project objectives, the experimental approach, the data acquisition program, and selected results based on field data. The key accomplishments and results of the experiment and recommendations for future field research are summarized.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Proc. of Tech. Sessions, Vol. 1 and 2; p 1037-1066
    Format: text
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