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1

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Dissolved and particulate phosphorus in leachate from structured soil amended with fresh cattle faeces (2000)

Bergen Jensen, Marina ; Bjørn Olsen, Trine ; Bruun Hansen, Hans Christian ; [et al.]

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 56 (2000), S. 253-261

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: BTC ; eutrophication ; faeces ; leaching ; phosphate ; preferential flow

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Substantial transfer of phosphorus from land to aquatic environments has been observed in regions supporting intensive animal husbandry. We characterised leaching of P derived from fresh cattle faeces located at the surface of a structured clayey soil. Fresh cattle faeces were placed on top of an undisturbed column of structured soil (diam. and height 0.5 m) subjected to steady, saturated flow (1 mm h-1) with a synthetic rain solution. After 0.01 pore volumes (PV, 1PV = 46.5 1) or 2.5 h of flow the effluent concentrations of both dissolved and particulate P forms increased rapidly, and after 0.15 PV (37 h) a maximum of 12 mg P l-1 was observed for total P. This rapid, strong and permanent leaching of P from applied faeces was ascribed to preferential flow through continuous macropores. Dye tracing showed that especially earthworm burrows were active flow paths. Of the faeces derived P observed in the effluent, dissolved inorganic P (DIP, measured as molybdate reactive P) constituted the largest fraction (37%) followed by particulate organic P (POP, 33%) and particulate inorganic P (PIP, 22%) while dissolved organic P (DOP) accounted for the remaining 8%. Leaching of IP from faeces appeared to be greater than from inorganic sources. This may be ascribed to co-leaching of P complexating compounds, or compounds that compete with faeces derived P for sorption sites. When the flow regime was shifted from saturated to unsaturated conditions (after 5 days), DIP temporarily became undetectable in the effluent, and the concentration of PIP and POP decreased markedly, while DOP remained almost unchanged and became the main P fraction leached. Average effluent concentration of total P for the whole 12 day leaching period was 4.1 mg P l-1. This high concentration suggests well-drained soils with high animal densities to constitute future field research targets.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009837520420

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2

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Nitrogen mineralization from sheep faeces can be predicted from the apparent digestibility of the feed (2000)

Kyvsgaard, Peter ; Sørensen, Peter ; Møller, Erik ; [et al.]

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 57 (2000), S. 207-214

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: ADF ; animal manure ; carbon mineralization ; lignin ; NDF ; soil

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract It is difficult to predict plant availability of N in faeces because most faecal N is bound in organic form. In this study the influence of diet and faeces composition on mineralization of sheep faeces in soil were investigated. Net mineralization of C and N from 16 different samples of sheep faeces originating from sheep fed different known diets was studied after incubation in a sandy soil. After 4 weeks net mineralization of N ranged from −41 to 9% of faeces N and after 12 weeks −28 to 43% was net mineralized. Mineralization was related to different feed and faeces characteristics (apparent digestibility, NDF, ADF, crude fibre, lignin, C/N ratio and N concentration) by regression analysis. The two single factors showing the highest correlation with N mineralization after 12 weeks were the log transformed N concentration of faeces and the C/N ratio (r=0.84 and r=−0.87). The N concentration and C/N of faeces were closely related to apparent digestibility of the feed (r=0.88 and r=−0.93), and apparent digestibility was the feed characteristic showing the highest correlation with faeces N mineralization after 12 weeks (r=0.81). The estimate of faeces N mineralization was not improved when chemical characteristics of the feed were combined in a multiple linear regression analysis. Mineralization of sheep faeces C showed the highest correlation with NDF of the feed (r=−0.89) and N concentration of faeces (r=0.88). The study showed that it is difficult to make reliable predictions of the mineralization of sheep faeces N in soil based on chemical analyses of the feed. However, when using a biological measure of the feed quality (apparent digestibility) a robust prediction of faeces N mineralization was possible.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009874500769

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3

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Seasonal variation in organic and inorganic phosphorus fractions of temperate-climate sandy soils (1992)

Magid, Jakob ; Nielsen, Niels Erik

Springer

Plant and soil 144 (1992), S. 155-165

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: inorganic phosphorus ; organic phosphorus ; soil P fractionation ; temporal variations

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Soils from an arable plot, a grassland plot and pasture plot were sampled over an 18-month period. Inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) soil phosphorus fractions were extracted sequentially with resin, NaHCO3, and NaOH. Soil solution was sampled on the arable plot and pasture plot during 12 months with teflon suction cups, and the contents of Pi and Po were determined. The patterns of the variation for all soil fractions were similar for the three plots. All soil Pi fractions were at minimum in the cool moist winter period. The soil Po fractions varied less systematically than Pi fractions. The sum of Po fractions had a winter maximum and a spring minimum. For all soil P fractions temporal variation was highly significant (p〈0.0001). The magnitude of change in Pi and Po soil fractions was 4–40 times greater than what would be expected from the magnitude of new N mineralization. The content of P in the inorganic soil P fractions was negatively correlated with soil moisture. The variation in organic soil P could not be explained by any single factor, but it is suggested that the variation is caused by changes in solubility rather than by biological transformations. Thus, physicochemical processes masked the impact of biological transformations on the temporal variation of soil phosphorus fractions. Both soil solution Pi and Po varied significantly with time on field scale. In contrast to soil Pi fractions, solution Pi was initially low in the early autumn, increased by a factor 4 during the following 6 weeks, and thereafter decreased to a low level by the end of the sampling period. Soil solution Po had several fluctuations during the sampling period.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012872

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4

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Phosphate Leaching from Intact Soil Column in Response to Reducing Conditions (1999)

Bergen Jensen, Marina ; Hansen, Hans Christian Bruun ; Nielsen, Niels Erik ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 113 (1999), S. 411-424

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Keywords: mobilization ; preferential flow ; reductivedissolution ; transport

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Iron(III)(hydr)oxides can dissolve under reducing soil conditions. Simultaneously, oxide-associated inorganic phosphate is released to the soil solution. In this study, the effect of reducing soil conditions on phosphate leaching from transient waterlogging clayey soil is evaluated. We applied glucose solutions (either 100 or 1000 mg glucose-C L-1) at a steady flow rate of 0.63 mm h-1 to a saturated intact column of structured Alfisol (diam. 0.5 m, height 1.0 m). Effluent concentrations of iron(II) and reactive orthophosphate (Pi) increased slightly during 5 d of low glucose application, reaching values of 2.5 mg Fe L-1, and 0.02 mg PO4-P L-1, respectively. During 10 d of high glucose application, the iron(II) concentration increased to 14 mg Fe L-1 and fluctuations in the Pi-concentration between 0.002 and 0.1 mg PO4-P L-1 were observed. The fluctuations in Pi-concentration are ascribed to interactions between progression of the glucose front, and Pi-mobilization/resorption processes at the walls of macropores. The daily P-losses during low and high glucose applications averaged 0.3 mg PO4-P m-2 d-1, and 0.5 mg PO4-P m-2 d-1, respectively. Comparisons with a parallel topsoil study suggest that subsoil exerts a strong control on leaching – probably via resorption – of Pi mobilized in the topsoil.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005092704105

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5

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Vegetation effects on phosphorus fractions in set-aside soils (1993)

Magid, Jakob

Springer

Plant and soil 149 (1993), S. 111-119

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: beech ; vegetation effects ; grassland ; set-aside ; soil phosphorus fractions ; spruce

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract As increasing amounts of arable land are being set aside, it is of importance to study the effect of vegetation on soil fertility. The fractionation of soil P under grassland, beech and spruce vegetation was investigated in sites previously fertilized with P by extracting sequentially with Resin, NaHCO3, NaOH, HCl and finally NaOH after ultrasonic pretreatment. Under beech a large part of extractable P was found in inorganic fractions which are considered to be available for plants (Resin P1 and Bicarbonate P1). Under grass, a large part of the extractable P was found in potentially labile organic forms (Bicarbonate Po and Fulvic acid Po). After 25 years of permanent grass vegetation, the extractability of soil P was comparable to that from an adjacent arable plot. On spruce covered soils most of the added fertilizer P was rendered unextractable 20–30 years after application. However the available data does not allow a clear interpretation of this phenomena, as effects of soil parent material as well as vegetation may be taken into consideration. No decrease in P-extractability was found between beech and grass covered soils which had been fertilized for more than 200 years, when compared to less rich soils from the same area. On the basis of the current data it may be concluded that the vegetation affects the distribution of soil phosphorus fractions, and thus soil fertility. In the soils under investigation, grassland and beech vegetation conserved the phosphate availability to a high extent.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010768

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