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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ROLE OF CLOSTRIDIA IN DIARRHEAL DISEASES OF MAN (1956)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 66 (1956), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1956.tb40115.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of Proteolytic Enzymes of Clostridium histolyticum (1954)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 174 (1954), S. 1191-1192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Complete separation with more than 80 per cent recovery of all enzymatic activity has now been achieved by a simple method of fractional precipitation with saturated ammonium sulphate solutions neutralized with ammonium hydroxide to a pH. of 7-5. The starting material was a 2 per cent solution of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1741191a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineering Microprotein Ligands for Large–Scale Affinity Purification (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 13 (1995), S. 1180-1183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] While phage display technology has been used extensively in receptor-ligand interaction research, it is only relatively recently that it has been explored as a method for generating ligands used in the commercial purification of biotherapeutics. Through the use of these biocombinatorial ligand ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1195-1180
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the complex cycloheptaamylose– p -nitroacetanilide (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 274 (1978), S. 621-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 One molecule of C7 A, with its included molecule of PNA, projected along the approximate sevenfold axis. The larger circles represent oxygen atoms and the smaller carbon. The atoms of the PNA molecule are shaded. Dotted lines represent hydrogen bonds. Stezowski4 has solved the structure of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/274621a0
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  • 5
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    Bubble formation and decrepitation control the CO2 content of olivine-hosted melt inclusions (2017)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 18 (2017): 597–616, doi:10.1002/2016GC006633.
    Description: The CO2 contents of olivine-hosted melt inclusions have previously been used to constrain the depth of magma chambers in basaltic systems. However, the vast majority of inclusions have CO2 contents which imply entrapment pressures that are significantly lower than those obtained from independent petrological barometers. Furthermore, a global database of melt inclusion compositions from low inline image settings, indicates that the distribution of saturation pressures varies surprisingly little between mid-ocean ridges, ocean islands, and continental rift zones. 95% of the inclusions in the database have saturation pressures of 200 MPa or less, indicating that melt inclusion CO2 does not generally provide an accurate estimate of magma chamber depths. A model of the P-V-T-X evolution of olivine-hosted melt inclusions was developed so that the properties of the inclusion system could be tracked as the hosts follow a model P-T path. The models indicate that the principal control on the saturation of CO2 in the inclusion and the formation of vapor bubbles is the effect of postentrapment crystallization on the major element composition of the inclusions and how this translates into variation in CO2 solubility. The pressure difference between external melt and the inclusion is likely to be sufficiently high to cause decrepitation of inclusions in most settings. Decrepitation can account for the apparent mismatch between CO2-based barometry and other petrological barometers, and can also account for the observed global distribution of saturation pressures. Only when substantial postentrapment crystallization occurs can reconstructed inclusion compositions provide an accurate estimate of magma chamber depth.
    Description: Natural Environment Research Council Grant Number: (NE/I012508/1)
    Description: 2017-08-16
    Keywords: Melt inclusions ; Olivine ; Carbon dioxide ; Magma chamber ; Basalt
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
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    Carbon Dioxide in Geochemically Heterogeneous Melt Inclusions From Mount Etna, Italy (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: Mt. Etna is among the largest global volcanic outgassers with respect to carbon and sulfur, yet questions remain regarding the source of these volatiles and their systematics in the crust and mantle. The importance of heterogeneous mantle sources, mixing, crustal assimilation, and disequilibrium degassing is investigated using melt inclusions erupted during the CE 1669 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy. We find that the melt inclusion compositions define a mixing array between two geochemically distinct melts. One end‐member melt is depleted in light rare Earth elements (LREEs) and enriched in strontium (Sr), carbon, and sulfur; the other is enriched in LREE and depleted in Sr, carbon, and sulfur. We infer, through modeling, that the melts may either have been generated by melting a mantle source that includes a recycled oceanic crustal component or they may have assimilated carbonate material in the crust. The resulting LREE‐depleted, Sr‐enriched melts were also alkali‐rich, which enhanced the solubility of carbon and sulfur. The LREE‐depleted, Sr‐ and volatile‐rich melt ascended through the crust and likely became supersaturated with respect to CO2 and sulfur. The melt intruded into a LREE‐enriched, relatively degassed magma body in the shallow crust, cooled rapidly, and vesiculated, likely triggering eruption. The melt inclusion array trapped by growing olivines during this intrusion process records a snapshot of incomplete mixing between the two melts. Mt. Etna is renowned for the large increases in CO2 gas fluxes shortly before and during eruption. The intrusion of supersaturated, CO2‐enhanced magmas into shallow reservoirs may be a common process at Mt. Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3150-3169
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Etna, 1669 eruption ; Carbon Dioxide in Geochemically Heterogeneous Melt Inclusions From Mount Etna, Italy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Causes and consequences of diachronous V-shaped ridges in the North Atlantic Ocean (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of [publisher] for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 122 (2017): 8675–8708, doi:10.1002/2017JB014225.
    Description: In the North Atlantic Ocean, the geometry of diachronous V-shaped features that straddle the Reykjanes Ridge is often attributed to thermal pulses which advect away from the center of the Iceland plume. Recently, two alternative hypotheses have been proposed: rift propagation and buoyant mantle upwelling. Here we evaluate these different proposals using basin-wide geophysical and geochemical observations. The centerpiece of our analysis is a pair of seismic reflection profiles oriented parallel to flow lines that span the North Atlantic Ocean. V-shaped ridges and troughs are mapped on both Neogene and Paleogene oceanic crust, enabling a detailed chronology of activity to be established for the last 50 million years. Estimates of the cumulative horizontal displacement across normal faults help to discriminate between brittle and magmatic modes of plate separation, suggesting that crustal architecture is sensitive to the changing planform of the plume. Water-loaded residual depth measurements are used to estimate crustal thickness and to infer mantle potential temperature which varies by ±25°C on timescales of 3–8 Ma. This variation is consistent with the range of temperatures inferred from geochemical modeling of dredged basaltic rocks along the ridge axis itself, from changes in Neogene deep-water circulation, and from the regional record of episodic Cenozoic magmatism. We conclude that radial propagation of transient thermal anomalies within an asthenospheric channel that is 150 ± 50 km thick best accounts for the available geophysical and geochemical observations.
    Description: NERC Grant Number: NE/G007632/1; Girdler Fund, University of Cambridge; BP Exploration
    Description: 2018-05-14
    Keywords: Iceland plume ; V-shaped ridges ; Mantle convection ; Oceanic crust
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 8
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    CO2 content beneath northern Iceland and the variability of mantle carbon (2018)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geology 46 (2018): 55-58, doi:10.1130/G39413.1.
    Description: Primitive basalt melt inclusions from Borgarhraun, northern Iceland, display large correlated variations in CO2 and nonvolatile incompatible trace elements (ITEs) such as Nb, Th, Rb, and Ba. The average CO2/ITE ratios of the Borgarhraun melt inclusion population are precisely determined (e.g., CO2/Nb = 391 ± 16; 2σM [two standard errors of the mean], n = 161). These data, along with published data on five other populations of undegassed mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) glasses and melt inclusions, demonstrate that upper mantle CO2/Ba and CO2/Rb are nearly homogeneous, while CO2/Nb and CO2/Th are broadly correlated with long-term indices of mantle heterogeneity reflected in Nd isotopes (143Nd/144Nd) in five of the six regions of the upper mantle examined thus far. Our results suggest that heterogeneous carbon contents of the upper mantle are long-lived features, and that average carbon abundances of the mantle sources of Atlantic MORB are higher by a factor of two than those of Pacific MORB. This observation is correlated with a similar distinction in water contents and trace elements characteristic of subduction fluids (Ba, Rb). We suggest that the upper mantle beneath the younger Atlantic Ocean basin contains components of hydrated and carbonated subduction-modified mantle from prior episodes of Iapetus subduction that were entrained and mixed into the upper mantle during opening of the Atlantic Ocean basin.
    Description: Maclennan is supported by Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/M000427/1. This research was supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    Rapid shifting of a deep magmatic source at Fagradalsfjall volcano, Iceland (2023)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Recent Icelandic rifting events have illuminated the roles of centralized crustal magma reservoirs and lateral magma transport1-4, important characteristics of mid-ocean ridge magmatism1,5. A consequence of such shallow crustal processing of magmas4,5 is the overprinting of signatures that trace the origin, evolution and transport of melts in the uppermost mantle and lowermost crust6,7. Here we present unique insights into processes occurring in this zone from integrated petrologic and geochemical studies of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland. Geochemical analyses of basalts erupted during the first 50 days of the eruption, combined with associated gas emissions, reveal direct sourcing from a near-Moho magma storage zone. Geochemical proxies, which signify different mantle compositions and melting conditions, changed at a rate unparalleled for individual basaltic eruptions globally. Initially, the erupted lava was dominated by melts sourced from the shallowest mantle but over the following three weeks became increasingly dominated by magmas generated at a greater depth. This exceptionally rapid trend in erupted compositions provides an unprecedented temporal record of magma mixing that filters the mantle signal, consistent with processing in near-Moho melt lenses containing 107-108 m3 of basaltic magma. Exposing previously inaccessible parts of this key magma processing zone to near-real-time investigations provides new insights into the timescales and operational mode of basaltic magma systems.
    Description: The NordSIMS ion microprobe facility acknowledges support by the Swedish Research Council (grant no. 2017-00671), the Swedish Museum of Natural History and the University of Iceland; this is NordSIMS publication no. 713. The involvement of S.A.H. was partly in relation to H2020 project EUROVOLC, funded by the European Commission (grant no. 731070). This work was supported by the Icelandic Research Fund, grant no. 228933-051. A.A. ackowledges funding from Italian Ministero Istruzione Università e Ricerca (Miur), grant PRIN2017-2017LMNLAW
    Description: Published
    Description: 529–534
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fagradalsfjall ; Icelandic rifting ; geochemistry ; petrology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Publisher’s Note to ‘Chalcophile elements track the fate of sulfur at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i’ [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 282 (2020) 245–275] (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7037
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9533
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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