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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The haemoglobins of the fish Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters): functional significance and ontogenetic changes (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 9 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The haemoglobin patterns of adult and young larval stages of the fish species Sarotherodon mossambicus were determined by polyacrylamide–gel electrophoresis. Oxygen affinity determinations of the adult and larval haemolysates and of each haemoglobin component of the adult indicates that the affinity changes with the pH, temperature and osmotic pressure. The possible evolutionary significance of the multiple haemoglobins is discussed. The electrophoretic pattern of adult S. leucostictus, a species closely related to S. mossambicus was also determined and used as a comparative study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1976.tb04693.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic changes in haemoglobins in roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) and rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 6 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The haemoglobins and globins of the roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) and the rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) have been studied by starch gel electrophoresis. At all stages of development studied, the roach and rudd haemoglobins give a similar electrophoretic pattern, the young fish of about 2 cm standard length possessing three separate haemoglobins, of which two bands only persist in the adult. The evolutionary significance of multiple haemoglobins in fishes is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb04564.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple globins and haemoglobins in the bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) (Serranidae: Teleostei) (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 8 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The haemoglobins and globins of bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) have been studied by starch and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Five haemoglobin components were found. These haemoglobins appear to result from the combination of four different globin monomers. The molecular weight of the pooled haemoglobin is about 54 400, confirming its tetrameric form. The evolutionary significance of multiple haemoglobins is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1976.tb03969.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of Microsatellite Repeats in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and Dover Sole (Solea solea) using a RAPD-Based Technique: Characterization of Microsatellite Markers in Dover Sole (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biotechnology 2 (2000), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2236
    Keywords: Key words: RAPD, microsatellite repeats, Dover sole, turbot, microsatellite markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract: We have used a RAPD-based technique to identify several microsatellite repeats in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and Dover sole (Solea solea) and report the characterization of six novel polymorphic microsatellite markers for Dover sole. These are the first such markers to be developed for this flatfish species. They exhibit much higher levels of heterozygosity than those previously observed with allozyme loci and should prove useful in addressing population genetic questions as well as more fundamental aquaculture-related questions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101269900007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribosome Numbers in a Fission Yeast (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 207 (1965), S. 322-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The cell used in this work was a fission yeast, Schizo-saccharomyces pombe. An electron microscope investigation of this cell has already been published1, and the UNA content in a variety of growth conditions is known2. S. pombe (National Collection of Yeast Cultures, 132) is a small yeast, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/207322a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth Performance and Gonadal Development of Growth Enhanced Transgenic Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) Following Heat-Shock-Induced Triploidy (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biotechnology 1 (1999), S. 533-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2236
    Keywords: Key words: Growth enhanced, transgenic fish, tilapia, and triploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract: Triploid induction offers a way of considerably reducing fertility in fish, and could therefore be employed to help ensure that any adverse environmental impact of transgenic fish was markedly less. In order to produce sterile growth-enhanced transgenic fish, we have induced triploidy in two lines of transgenic tilapia. Growth performance and gonadal development were analyzed following triploidization by heat shock. Ploidy status was confirmed by nuclear size measurement of erythrocytes. Erythrocytes of triploids were found to be 1.5 times larger than diploids. Observations of growth enhancement and gonadal development were made on diploids and triploids from both transgenic and nontransgenic full sibling batches. In both lines, transgenic diploids were superior in growth performance, followed by transgenic triploids, nontransgenic diploids, and nontransgenic triploids. Although the testes of transgenic triploids were significantly smaller than those of nontransgenic triploids and nontransgenic diploids, histologically they did not show signs of gross deformation. There were also some spermatozoa present in the testes of some triploids, which could be indicative of reproductive functionality. However, the ovaries were devoid of oocytes, underdeveloped, and deformed in all triploids and were completely nonfunctional. Although the best growth performance was shown by the fertile diploid transgenics, the triploid transgenic females could offer a good option for aquaculture purposes because they showed superior growth performance over the normal wild-type tilapias with the advantage of sterility to ensure nonhybridization and noncontamination with the local gene pool. However, careful monitoring of potential gene flow would be required prior to commercial use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00011808
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copy Number Related Transgene Expression and Mosaic Somatic Expression in Hemizygous and Homozygous Transgenic Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) (2000)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 9 (2000), S. 417-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: β-galactosidase ; mosaic expression ; transgenic fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three lines of transgenic tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) fish were generated with a constructcontaining a lacZ reporter gene spliced to a 4.7 kb 5′ regulatory region of a carp beta actin gene. All these three lines contain different copy numbers oftransgenes and the levels of lacZ expressionwere found to be related to transgene copy number.Mosaic patterns of somatic lacZ expression wereobserved in these three lines which differed between linesbut were consistent within a line. We also observedthat expression of the reporter gene in homozygoustransgenic fish was approximately two-fold greater thanin the hemizygous transgenics. Analysis of expressionof the reporter gene on a tissue-to-tissue basisdemonstrated that lacZ expression of thereporter gene in stably transformed fish occured withvariable intensity in different organs and tissues andwas also sometimes variable in different cells of thesame tissue in G1and G2 generations of the transgenic lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026517212807
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a Novel Piscine Growth Hormone Gene Results in Growth Enhancement in Transgenic Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) (1998)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 7 (1998), S. 357-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Transgenic tilapia ; salmon growth hormone gene ; transgene expression ; growth enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several lines of transgenic G1 and G2 tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) have been produced following egg injection with gene constructs carrying growth hormone coding sequences of fish origin. Using a construct in which an ocean pout antifreeze promoter drives a chinook salmon growth hormone gene, dramatic growth enhancement has been demonstrated, in which the mean weight of the 7 month old G2 transgenic fish is more than three fold that of their non transgenic siblings. Somewhat surprisingly G1 fish transgenic for a construct consisting of a sockeye salmon metallothionein promoter spliced to a sockeye salmon growth hormone gene exhibited no growth enhancement, although salmon transgenic for this construct do show greatly enhanced growth. The growth enhanced transgenic lines were also strongly positive in a radio-immuno assay for the specific hormone in their serum, whereas the non growth enhanced lines were negative. Attempts to induce expression from the metallo thionein promoter by exposing fish to increased levels of zinc were also unsuccessful. Homozygous transgenic fish have been produced from the ocean pout antifreeze/chinook salmon GH construct and preliminary trials suggest that their growth performance is similar to that of the hemizygous transgenics. No abnormalities were apparent in the growth enhanced fish, although minor changes to skull shape and reduced fertility were noted in some fish. There is also preliminary evidence for improved food conversion ratios when growth enhanced transgenic tilapia are compared to their non-transgenic siblings. The long term objective of this study is to produce lines of tilapia which are both growth enhanced and sterile, so offering improved strains of this important food fish for aquaculture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008837105299
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germ line transmission and expression of alacZ containing transgene in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (1996)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 5 (1996), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Carp β-actinlacZ ; micromjection ; transmission ; expression ; transgenic tilapia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transgenic tilapia were produced using a carp β-actinlacZ gene construct and the transmission of the transgene to F1 progeny was followed. Of 36 founder fish analysed, 9 (25%) were found to be transgenic in at least one tissue and two of these were found to transmit the transgene to progeny. One male produced only three out of 28 transgene DNA positive progeny (10.7%) but none of these were found to express the transgene. The other male produced 243 out of 1601 (15.2%)lacZ expressing embryos; 40 of these were analysed by Southern blotting and all were found to be positive for the presence of the transgene but revealed two different patterns of transgene arrangement. Three different expression patterns were also observed and presumed to be a result of multiple integration events and resulting position effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01969426
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation and expression of transgenes in fish—a review (1996)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 5 (1996), S. 147-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: transgenic fish ; transient expression ; transgene expression ; reporter genes ; fate of DNA ; teleostei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transgenic fish, owing to a number of advantages which they offer over other species, are proving to be valuable model systems for the study of gene regulation and developmental genetics in addition to being useful targets for the genetic manipulation of commercially important traits. Despite having begun only a decade ago, the production of transgenic fish has become commonplace in a number of laboratories world-wide and considerable progress has been made. In this review, we initially consider the various regulatory elements and coding genes which have been used in fish, and subsequently discuss and compare both the transient and long-term fate and expression patterns of injected DNA sequences in the context of the different factors which are likely to have an effect on the expression of transgenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01969704
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