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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 306-309 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Diodes formed by electrodeposition of the low-band gap polymer poly(4-dicyano methylene-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene), onto glass slides coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) and furnished with evaporated aluminum counterelectrodes exhibit a reversible bistability in their current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. Applying +5 V to the ITO electrode induces a "high" conductance state while applying −5 V induces a "low" conductance state. The effect is identical in most respects to recent observations in diodes formed from thin films of chromium-doped SrZrO3 sandwiched between SrRuO3 and gold electrodes. A number of mechanisms are discussed but the evidence points to the controlling influence of an interfacial depletion layer at the ITO–polymer interface. It is also shown that the high capacitances associated with such layers can lead to higher than expected displacement currents being generated during the automated collection of I–V data. The presence of such currents distorts the I–V characteristics in the low-bias low-current regime. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 13 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1In this highly productive chalk stream the stone loach, sampled by electrofishing over a 30 month period, had a high growth rate reaching a mean length of 65 mm in 1 year and 93 mm in 2 years. The fish were short-lived in contrast to most slow-growing populations in the U.K. and Finland with 11 group fish comprising 8.8% and III group fish only 1.1% of the total number.2The loach were fractional spawners: a 75 mm female produced an estimated 10,620 eggs between late April and early August totalling 46% of the loach's initial weight.3In March and April some small 0 group females contained only poorly developed eggs and up to 10% of 0 group fish may have failed to spawn.4Amongst loach 〉52 mm in length in March and April there was an exponential relationship between absolute fecundity and fish length but no relationship between relative fecundity and length. There was. however, a relationship between fish length and both gonadosomatic index and maximum egg size, which may indicate that large fish began to spawn first.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 12 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Roach spawned on two sites where Fontinalis antipyretica (Hedw.) grew thickly on vertical pilings. The eggs were distributed throughout the fronds of Fontinalis but were concentrated near the water surface. The fish spawned on those parts of the sites where the current adjacent to the weed was relatively fast. The sudden drop in water levels caused by weed cutting presents a potential threat to spawning success.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5182-5189 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Films of the polymer poly(4-dicyanomethylene-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene (PCDM) were electrodeposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. The formation of a polymer was confirmed by the presence of an absorption band at ∼900 nm (∼1.4 eV) previously attributed to a π–π* transition. Diodes formed by evaporating aluminum counterelectrodes onto the films displayed nonlinear current–voltage characteristics that were independent of voltage polarity. Interestingly, at low applied voltages, the diodes exhibited two, stable, reversible conductance states differing by about an order of magnitude. The effect is similar to that reported recently in diodes formed from chromium-doped SrZrO3. ac admittance measurements carried out over a range of frequency coupled with the voltage dependence of the device capacitance at low frequency suggests that the two states arise from the presence of a field-dependent space charge at the ITO/PCDM interface. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 17 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The Freshwater Biological Association has operated a salmon counter on the River From, Dorset. England since 1970. In this calcareous river, false upstream counts generated by mats of aquatic macrophytes floating downstream have proved the main constraint to the accuracy of the installation. In addition, time-delays in the counter logic circuitry prevent the use of still photography to check the identity of downstream records. This paper gives a full description of the technical details and basic program listings for an inexpensive microcomputer-based system to record the out-of-balance voltage signals from the resistivity counter. Comparison with still photographs indicates that the totals recorded can be corrected on the basis of differences in the form of signals generated by salmon and by other objects, including weed-mats. The fast response time of the microcomputer-system made it passible to confirm that most objects which generated downstream counts on Ihe River Frome resistivity counter were either salmonids or eels.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 11 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Simple conditions and techniques for spawning and rearing the eggs of dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) are described. Incubation at ambient temperatures (mean 8.8°C, range 4.1–13.8°C) in chalk spring water gave a 94,0% hatch. Incubation in river water resulted in a much lower hatching, probably due to silt deposition. A simple exponential model is used to describe the relationship between temperature and hatching time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 35 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: It proved possible to determine the levels of Sr-90 in the opercular bones of individual pike, Esox Iucius, and in pooled samples of bones from perch, Perca fluviatilis. Results from both species from Windermere demonstrated that Sr-90 levels rose from below the detection limits in the 1940s to a peak in the 1960s, followed by a decline in the subsequent two decades. This decline was slower than would have been expected from the decline in northern hemisphere Sr-90 fallout, indicating the likelihood of recycling within the environment. Sr-90 levels were consistently lower in pike than in perch, their main prey fish. Thus, there is no concentration of Sr-90 up this part of the aquatic food chain. Tracking Sr-90 in bones taken in successive years from ages 3 to 8 for a single cohort of pike showed that the quantity of Sr-90 was closely related to opercular bone (and hence fish) weight. No significant increase in Sr-90 concentration in the bone with increasing age was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 34 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 37 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: All English populations of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), are found in the Lake District (northwest England). There are at least four races of charr in Windermere, the largest lake in England; the North and South basins of the lake each contain two distinct races that spawn in autumn and spring respectively. The spring spawners in both basins probably represent less than 15% of the total population in the lake.Changes in the population density of charr in the lake are described briefly and examined in relation to the trophic status of the lake. Other factors that could possibly affect the charr population are reviewed, especially the influence of climate change.
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