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Electronic Resource

Inter- and Intra-Laboratory Variation in Amino Acid Analysis of Food Proteins (1983)

SARWAR, G. ; CHRISTENSEN, D. A. ; FINLAYSON, A.J. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0

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ISSN: 1750-3841

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Amino acid compositions of casein, egg white, beef, soy isolate, rapeseed concentrate, pea flour and wheat flour were studied by seven collaborating laboratories. Samples were hydrolyzed with 6N HCl, performic acid + 6N HCl, and (with one exception) 4.2N NaOH. Amino acids were then determined by ion-exchange chromatography using automatic analyzers. One laboratory, however, determined tryptophan by treatment with p-dimethylaminobenz-aldehyde. The colorimetric determination of tryptophan was comparable to the tryptophan values determined by ion-exchange chromatography. Interlaboratory variation of tryptophan (coefficients of variation, CV, up to 24%), cystine and methionine (CV up to 17%), was greater than that of most other amino acids (CV up to 10%). Intralaboratory variation for all amino acids was less than 5%.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb10781.x

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2

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Bioassembly of acyl lipids in microspore-derived embryos of Brassica campestris L. (1993)

Taylor, D. C. ; Ferrie, A. M. R. ; Keller, W. A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 375-384

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ISSN: 1432-203X

Keywords: Brassica campestris ; Microspore ; Derived Embryos ; Acyl Lipid Biosynthesis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The native lipid composition and the capacity of cell-free extracts to biosynthesize acyl lipids in vitro were determined for the first time using the recently reported microspore-derived (MD) embryo system from the Brassica campestris low erucic acid line BC-2 (Baillie et al. 1992). The total lipid fraction isolated from midcotyledonary stage MD embryos (21 days in culture) was composed primarily of triacylglycerol (76%) with an acyl composition quite similar to that of mature BC-2 seed. When incubated in the presence of glycerol-3-phosphate, 14C 18∶1-CoA, and reducing equivalents, homogenates prepared from 21-day cultured MD embryos were able to biosynthesize glycerolipids via the Kennedy pathway. The maximum in vitro rate of triacylglycerol biosynthesis could more than account for the known rate of lipid accumulation in vivo. The homogenate catalyzed the desaturation of 18∶1 to 18∶2 and to a lesser extent, 18∶3. The newly-synthesized polyunsaturated fatty acids initially accumulated in the polar lipid fraction (primarily phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylcholine) but began to appear in the triacylglycerol fraction after longer incubation periods. As expected for a low erucic acid cultivar, homogenates of MD embryos from the BC-2 line were incapable of biosynthesizing very long chain monounsaturated fatty acyl moieties (20∶1 and 22∶1) from 18∶1-CoA in vitro. Nonetheless, embryo extracts were still capable of incorporating these fatty acyl moieties into triacylglycerols when supplied with 14C 20∶1-CoA or 14C 22∶1-CoA. Collectively, the data suggest that developing BC-2 MD embryos constitute an excellent experimental system for studying pathways for glycerolipid bioassembly and the manipulation of this process in B. campestris.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234696

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The application of chemical mutagenesis and biotechnology to the modification of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) (1955)

Rowland, G. G. ; McHughen, A. ; Gusta, L. V. ; [et al.]

Springer

Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 317-321

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Linum usitatissimum ; linseed ; mutation breeding ; somaclonal variation ; fatty acids ; genetic engineering

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary In the early 1980s the phenomenon of somaclonal variation induced by cell culture was exploited to produce genetic variation in linseed. The linseed variety Andro, derived from the widely grown Canadian variety McGregor, was selected in saline culture and was released for production in Canada. ‘Andro’ possesses traits very different from its parent, such as increased seedling vigour and tolerance to heat stress. Additional stable somaclonal variation in characters such as yield, days to maturity, seed weight and oil content were subsequently induced in ‘McGregor’. However, despite extensive screening of the somaclonal variants, no significant variation in the fatty acid profile was found. Chemical mutagenesis using ethyl methanesulphonate was, however, succesful in modifying the fatty acid profile of McGregor. Initial screening of M2 seed by the thiobarbituric acid colourimetric procedure was followed by gas chromatography to select half-seeds with atypical fatty acid profiles. Two independent, partially dominant genes were identified that were responsible for reducing the linolenic acid (18 : 3) from 50% to 2% while increasing linoleic acid (18 : 2) to 70%. A single, partially dominant gene, inherited independently of the linolenic acid genes, increased palmitic acid (16 : 0) from 7% to 30% and palmitoleic acid (16 : 1) from trace amounts to 4%. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of linseed has also been successful. Herbicide tolerance genes for glyphosate, sulfonylurea and phosphinothricin have been incorporated into Canadian varieties. Commercially useful levels of tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides have been achieved with no adverse agronomic affect. It is expected that a transgenic variety containing this resistance will be registered for commercial production in Canada in 1994. Standard breeding techniques, the application of antisense technology and the overexpression of fatty acid synthesis genes are being used to further modify the fatty acid profile of linseed, as well as for the transfer of abiotic stress-related genes identified in bromegrass.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023961

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4

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Sex attractants for Geometrid and Noctuid moths (1985)

Wong, John W. ; Underhill, E. W. ; MacKenzie, S. L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 727-756

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Sex attractants ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; Noctuidae ; stereospecific synthesis ; (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons ; (3Z,6Z,9S,10R)-9,10-epoxydienes ; (3Z,6Z,9R, 10S)-9,10-epoxydienes ; electroantennogram

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Male moths belonging to 17 species of Geometridae and nine species of Noctuidae were captured in traps baited with synthetic chemicals as part of a field screening program. The compounds tested were the C18-C22 homologs of: (1) (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons; (2) mixtures containing equal quantities of (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-expoxydienes, (3Z,92Z)-cis-6,7-epoxydienes, and (6Z,9Z)-cis-3,4-epoxydienes; (3) (3Z,6Z)-9S,10R-epoxydienes; (4) (3Z,6Z)-9R,10S-epoxydienes; and (5) (3Z,6Z,9Z,11E)-nonadecatetraene. Field captures and electroantennographic assays revealed a high degree of specificity in the responses of many species to the synthetic chemicals. In several species the ability of males to discriminate between the 9S,10R and 9R,10S enantiomers of the monoepoxydiene isomers was clearly shown. Synergists and inhibitors were discovered for several of the reported attractants, some of which were not previously known to have semiochemical activity. The geometrid moths captured includedEpirrhoe sperryi (Herbulot),Mesoleuca ruficillata (Guenée),Triphosa haesitata (Guenée),Metanema inatomaria (Guenée),Prochoerodes transversata (Drury),Cabera erythemaria (Guenée),Synaxis jubararia (Hulst),Dysstroma brunneata ethela (Hulst),Eulithes testata (Linnaeus),Sicya macularia (Harris),Xanthorhoe iduata (Guenée),X. abrasaria aquilonaria (Herrich-Schäffer),X. munitata (Hübner),Itame loricaria (Eversmann),Eupithecia annulata (Hulst),E. rovocastaliata (Packard) andE. satyrata dodata (Taylor). The noctuid moths captured includedBleptina caradrinalis (Guenée),Idia américalis (Guenée),I. aemula (Hübner),Rivula propinqualis (Guenée),Lomanaltes eductalis (Walker),Spargaloma sexpunctata (Grote),Caenurgina distincta (Neumuller),Euclidia cuspidea (Hübner), andZale duplicata (Bethune). Six of the nine noctuid species captured belong to three subfamilies for which sex attractants had not been reported previously. Details for the stereospecific synthesis of (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-epoxydienes are also reported.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988302

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