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  • 1
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    Xenon isotopes in the MORB source are not distinctive of early global degassing (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-26
    Description: Although fissiogenic Xe in MORB has long been used inferred to infer an early (〉4 Ga) catastrophic mantle degassing, decomposition of the analyzed gas in terms of its constituents requires several assumptions. The canonical interpretation has not been tested using the full spectrum of possible initial components and radiogenic inputs. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach that examines the range of Xe isotopic components present during Earth formation and evolution. Our best fit simulations are consistent with the preservation of much higher Pu/U in MORB source Xe than previously recognized but are equally supportive of both limited and early catastrophic loss. We show that an initially Xe depleted upper mantle that becomes progressively ingassed through both radiogenic ingrowth and subduction of evolving atmospheric Xe is equally consistent with all evidence, underscoring the need for improvements to our knowledge of fission Xe spectra, MORB Xe measurements, and Pu geochemistry.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Pace and process of active folding and fluvial incision across the Kantishna Hills anticline, central Alaska (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Rates of northern Alaska Range thrust system deformation are poorly constrained. Shortening at the system's west end is focused on the Kantishna Hills anticline. Where the McKinley River cuts across the anticline, the landscape records both Late Pleistocene deformation and climatic change. New optically stimulated luminescence and cosmogenic 10Be depth profile dates of three McKinley River terrace levels (~22, ~18, and ~14‐9 ka) match independently determined ages of local glacial maxima, consistent with climate‐driven terrace formation. Terrace ages quantify rates of differential bedrock incision, uplift, and shortening based on fault depth inferred from microseismicity. Differential rock uplift and incision (≤1.4 m/kyr) drive significant channel width narrowing in response to ongoing folding at a shortening rate of ~1.2 m/kyr. Our results constrain northern Alaska Range thrust system deformation rates, and elucidate superimposed landscape responses to Late Pleistocene climate change and active folding with broad geomorphic implications.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Beryllium-10 from the Sun (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-13
    Description: Beryllium-10 (10Be) in excess of that expected from in situ cosmic ray spallation reactions is present in lunar surface soil 78481; its presence was revealed with a sequential leaching technique. This excess 10Be, representing only 0.7 to 1.1% of the total 10Be inventory, is associated with surface layers (〈1 micrometer) of the mineral grains composing 78481. This excess 10Be and its association with surficial layers corresponds to (1.9 +/- 0.8) x 10(8) atoms per square centimeter, requiring a 10Be implantation rate of (2.9 +/- 1.2) x 10(-6) atoms per square centimeter per second on the surface of the Moon. The most likely site for the production of this excess (10)Be is the Sun's atmosphere. The 10Be is entrained into the solar wind and transported to the lunar surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishiizumi, K -- Caffee, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):352-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA. kuni@ssl.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Primordial noble gases from Earth's mantle: identification of a primitive volatile component (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: Carbon dioxide well gases in Colorado, New Mexico, and South Australia show excesses of (124-128)Xe correlated with (129)I-derived (129)Xe and (20)Ne/(22)Ne ratios that are higher than the atmospheric (20)Ne/(22)Ne ratio. The xenon isotopic data indicate the presence of a solarlike component deep within Earth. The presence of this component in crustal and upper mantle reservoirs may be explained by a steady-state transport of noble gases from the lower mantle, which still retains much of its juvenile volatile inventory. These measurements also indicate that the mantle source of these noble gases in the carbon dioxide well gases cannot be the source of Earth's present atmosphere. The variations observed in (129)Xe/(130)Xe between solar wind xenon, Earth's atmosphere, and mantle samples may be generated by variations of iodine/xenon in terrestrial reservoirs, as opposed to rapid early degassing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caffee -- Hudson -- Velsko -- Huss -- Alexander Jr -- Chivas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. Department of Geology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10497127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    New cosmogenic burial ages for Sterkfontein Member 2 Australopithecus and Member 5 Oldowan (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-02
    Description: The cave infills at Sterkfontein contain one of the richest assemblages of Australopithecus fossils in the world, including the nearly complete skeleton StW 573 ('Little Foot') in its lower section, as well as early stone tools in higher sections. However, the chronology of the site remains controversial owing to the complex history of cave infilling. Much of the existing chronology based on uranium-lead dating and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy has recently been called into question by the recognition that dated flowstones fill cavities formed within previously cemented breccias and therefore do not form a stratigraphic sequence. Earlier dating with cosmogenic nuclides suffered a high degree of uncertainty and has been questioned on grounds of sediment reworking. Here we use isochron burial dating with cosmogenic aluminium-26 and beryllium-10 to show that the breccia containing StW 573 did not undergo significant reworking, and that it was deposited 3.67 +/- 0.16 million years ago, far earlier than the 2.2 million year flowstones found within it. The skeleton is thus coeval with early Australopithecus afarensis in eastern Africa. We also date the earliest stone tools at Sterkfontein to 2.18 +/- 0.21 million years ago, placing them in the Oldowan at a time similar to that found elsewhere in South Africa at Swartkans and Wonderwerk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Granger, Darryl E -- Gibbon, Ryan J -- Kuman, Kathleen -- Clarke, Ronald J -- Bruxelles, Laurent -- Caffee, Marc W -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):85-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14268. Epub 2015 Apr 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. ; Department of Anthropology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada. ; 1] Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa [2] School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa. ; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa. ; 1] School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa [2] French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (Inrap), 561 rue Etienne Lenoir, km delta, 30900 Nimes, France [3] University of Toulouse Jean Jaures, UMR 5608 du CNRS (TRACES), Maison de la Recherche, 5 Allees Antonio Matchado, F-31058 Toulouse, France. ; 1] Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25830884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Eastern ; Aluminum ; Animals ; Beryllium ; Burial ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Paleontology/*methods ; Radioisotopes ; Radiometric Dating/*methods ; *Skeleton ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; South Africa ; Time Factors ; Tool Use Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Holocene deglaciation of Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-04
    Description: Surface exposure ages of glacial deposits in the Ford Ranges of western Marie Byrd Land indicate continuous thinning of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet by more than 700 meters near the coast throughout the past 10,000 years. Deglaciation lagged the disappearance of ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere by thousands of years and may still be under way. These results provide further evidence that parts of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet are on a long-term trajectory of decline. West Antarctic melting contributed water to the oceans in the late Holocene and may continue to do so in the future.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, John O -- Balco, Gregory A -- Sugden, David E -- Caffee, Marc W -- Sass, Louis C 3rd -- Cowdery, Seth G -- Siddoway, Christine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 3;299(5603):99-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Quaternary Research Center and Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Box 351360, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1360, USA. stone@geology.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12511648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Lower Pliocene hominid remains from Sterkfontein (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: Cosmogenic aluminum-26 and beryllium-10 burial dates of low-lying fossiliferous breccia in the caves at Sterkfontein, South Africa, show that associated hominid fossils accumulated in the Lower Pliocene. These dates indicate that the skeleton StW 573 and newly discovered specimens from Jacovec Cavern have much the same age: approximately 4 million years. These specimens are thus of an age similar to Australopithecus anamensis from East Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Partridge, T C -- Granger, D E -- Caffee, M W -- Clarke, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):607-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sterkfontein Research Unit and Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa. tcp@iafrica.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aluminum/analysis ; Animals ; Beryllium/analysis ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Burial ; Clavicle/anatomy & histology ; Femur/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Humerus/anatomy & histology ; Isotopes/analysis ; Lumbar Vertebrae/anatomy & histology ; Paleodontology ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; South Africa ; Time ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Patagonian glacier response during the late glacial-Holocene transition (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-19
    Description: Whether cooling occurred in the Southern Hemisphere during the Younger Dryas (YD) is key to understanding mechanisms of millennial climate change. Although Southern Hemisphere records do not reveal a distinct climate reversal during the late glacial period, many mountain glaciers readvanced. We show that the Puerto Bandera moraine (50 degrees S), which records a readvance of the Southern Patagonian Icefield (SPI), formed at, or shortly after, the end of the YD. The exposure age (10.8 +/- 0.5 thousand years ago) is contemporaneous with the highest shoreline of Lago Cardiel (49 degrees S), which records peak precipitation east of the Andes since 13 thousand years ago. Absent similar moraines west of the Andes, these data indicate an SPI response to increased amounts of easterly-sourced precipitation-reflecting changes in the Southern Westerly circulation-rather than regional cooling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ackert, Robert P Jr -- Becker, Richard A -- Singer, Brad S -- Kurz, Mark D -- Caffee, Marc W -- Mickelson, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):392-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1157215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. rackert@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Radar-enabled recovery of the Sutter's Mill meteorite, a carbonaceous chondrite regolith breccia (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-22
    Description: Doppler weather radar imaging enabled the rapid recovery of the Sutter's Mill meteorite after a rare 4-kiloton of TNT-equivalent asteroid impact over the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in northern California. The recovered meteorites survived a record high-speed entry of 28.6 kilometers per second from an orbit close to that of Jupiter-family comets (Tisserand's parameter = 2.8 +/- 0.3). Sutter's Mill is a regolith breccia composed of CM (Mighei)-type carbonaceous chondrite and highly reduced xenolithic materials. It exhibits considerable diversity of mineralogy, petrography, and isotope and organic chemistry, resulting from a complex formation history of the parent body surface. That diversity is quickly masked by alteration once in the terrestrial environment but will need to be considered when samples returned by missions to C-class asteroids are interpreted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jenniskens, Peter -- Fries, Marc D -- Yin, Qing-Zhu -- Zolensky, Michael -- Krot, Alexander N -- Sandford, Scott A -- Sears, Derek -- Beauford, Robert -- Ebel, Denton S -- Friedrich, Jon M -- Nagashima, Kazuhide -- Wimpenny, Josh -- Yamakawa, Akane -- Nishiizumi, Kunihiko -- Hamajima, Yasunori -- Caffee, Marc W -- Welten, Kees C -- Laubenstein, Matthias -- Davis, Andrew M -- Simon, Steven B -- Heck, Philipp R -- Young, Edward D -- Kohl, Issaku E -- Thiemens, Mark H -- Nunn, Morgan H -- Mikouchi, Takashi -- Hagiya, Kenji -- Ohsumi, Kazumasa -- Cahill, Thomas A -- Lawton, Jonathan A -- Barnes, David -- Steele, Andrew -- Rochette, Pierre -- Verosub, Kenneth L -- Gattacceca, Jerome -- Cooper, George -- Glavin, Daniel P -- Burton, Aaron S -- Dworkin, Jason P -- Elsila, Jamie E -- Pizzarello, Sandra -- Ogliore, Ryan -- Schmitt-Kopplin, Phillipe -- Harir, Mourad -- Hertkorn, Norbert -- Verchovsky, Alexander -- Grady, Monica -- Nagao, Keisuke -- Okazaki, Ryuji -- Takechi, Hiroyuki -- Hiroi, Takahiro -- Smith, Ken -- Silber, Elizabeth A -- Brown, Peter G -- Albers, Jim -- Klotz, Doug -- Hankey, Mike -- Matson, Robert -- Fries, Jeffrey A -- Walker, Richard J -- Puchtel, Igor -- Lee, Cin-Ty A -- Erdman, Monica E -- Eppich, Gary R -- Roeske, Sarah -- Gabelica, Zelimir -- Lerche, Michael -- Nuevo, Michel -- Girten, Beverly -- Worden, Simon P -- Sutter's Mill Meteorite Consortium -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 21;338(6114):1583-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1227163.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA. petrus.m.jenniskens@nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of99Tc by accelerator mass spectrometry: Preliminary investigations (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 234 (1998), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is an established technique for the detection of long-lived radionuclides at environmental levels. At LLNL, planned facility upgrades and advances in detection techniques are allowing us to explore the applicability of AMS to isotopes not previously pursued. One such isotope is99Tc. We have performed a number of preliminary tests to examine the technical feasibility of AMS for the detection of99Tc. The questions addressed were negative ion production in the cesium sputter source, transport efficiency for the ions through the spectrometer, and detection efficiency for99Tc ions after the spectrometer. Based on the positive results of these tests, we have begun to develo measurement protocol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389759
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