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  • 1
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    The Genome of Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata) Provides a Genomic Perspective on Sexual Dimorphism and Phenology (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-28
    Description: The winter moth ( Operophtera brumata ) belongs to one of the most species-rich families in Lepidoptera, the Geometridae (approximately 23,000 species). This family is of great economic importance as most species are herbivorous and capable of defoliating trees. Genome assembly of the winter moth allows the study of genes and gene families, such as the cytochrome P450 gene family, which is known to be vital in plant secondary metabolite detoxification and host-plant selection. It also enables exploration of the genomic basis for female brachyptery (wing reduction), a feature of sexual dimorphism in winter moth, and for seasonal timing, a trait extensively studied in this species. Here we present a reference genome for the winter moth, the first geometrid and largest sequenced Lepidopteran genome to date (638 Mb) including a set of 16,912 predicted protein-coding genes. This allowed us to assess the dynamics of evolution on a genome-wide scale using the P450 gene family. We also identified an expanded gene family potentially linked to female brachyptery, and annotated the genes involved in the circadian clock mechanism as main candidates for involvement in seasonal timing. The genome will contribute to Lepidopteran genomic resources and comparative genomics. In addition, the genome enhances our ability to understand the genetic and molecular basis of insect seasonal timing and thereby provides a reference for future evolutionary and population studies on the winter moth.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Does Probability Guided Hysteroscopy Reduce Costs in Women Investigated for Postmenopausal Bleeding? (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-17
    Description: Objective. To evaluate whether a model to predict a failed endometrial biopsy in women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) and a thickened endometrium can reduce costs without compromising diagnostic accuracy. Design, Setting, and Population. Model based cost-minimization analysis. Methods. A decision analytic model was designed to compare two diagnostic strategies for women with PMB: (I) attempting office endometrial biopsy and performing outpatient hysteroscopy after failed biopsy and (II) predicted probability of a failed endometrial biopsy based on patient characteristics to guide the decision for endometrial biopsy or immediate hysteroscopy. Robustness of assumptions regarding costs was evaluated in sensitivity analyses. Main Outcome Measures. Costs for the different strategies. Results. At different cut-offs for the predicted probability of failure of an endometrial biopsy, strategy I was generally less expensive than strategy II. The costs for strategy I were always € 460; the costs for strategy II varied between € 457 and € 475. At a 65% cut-off, a possible saving of € 3 per woman could be achieved. Conclusions. Individualizing the decision to perform an endometrial biopsy or immediate hysteroscopy in women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding based on patient characteristics does not increase the efficiency of the diagnostic work-up.
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
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    Effects of interfacial energy on compaction creep by intergranular pressure solution: Theory versus experiments on a rock analog (NaNO3) (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-03
    Description: [1]  Pressure solution plays an important role in compaction and lithification of sediments and fault gouges, but the effects of interfacial energy on this process are generally neglected. Here, microphysical models for densification of solid/liquid systems by pressure solution are derived, accounting for interfacial energy besides stress-related driving forces. They predict that densification by pressure solution creep will slow down at very fine grain sizes, where opposing interfacial energy driving forces become important compared to applied stress, and will come to a halt below a certain “yield” stress. To test the models, uniaxial compaction creep experiments were performed at ambient conditions on granular NaNO 3 aggregates ( d  = 8–250 μ m, σ eff  = 0.0062–4.9 MPa). Though no significant creep occurred in dry or oil-flooded material, rapid, grain-size sensitive creep occurred in the presence of saturated NaNO 3 solution. At high effective stresses ( σ eff  〉 0.025 MPa), wet-compacted, coarser-grained ( d  〉 20 μ m) samples showed compaction behavior roughly consistent with diffusion-controlled pressure solution involving negligible interfacial energy effects. Creep rates in this regime imply an effective grain boundary diffusivity product of 5.7 × 10 −19  m 3 /s. At low effective stress ( σ eff  〈 0.025 MPa), finer-grained samples ( d  〈 20 μ m) showed a decrease in strain rate with decreasing grain size, reflecting a growing influence of interfacial energy-related driving forces. This demonstrates a yield stress effect, broadly consistent with the predictions of the models incorporating interfacial energy and imply that compaction by pressure solution can be strongly inhibited in very fine-grained materials, such as nanogouge in seismogenic faults.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Mutations within the LINC-HELLP non-coding RNA differentially bind ribosomal and RNA splicing complexes and negatively affect trophoblast differentiation (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: LINC-HELLP , showing chromosomal linkage with the pregnancy-specific HELLP syndrome in Dutch families, reduces differentiation from a proliferative to an invasive phenotype of first-trimester extravillous trophoblasts. Here we show that mutations in LINC-HELLP identified in HELLP families negatively affect this trophoblast differentiation either by inducing proliferation rate or by causing cell cycle exit as shown by a decrease in both proliferation and invasion. As LincRNAs predominantly function through interactions with proteins, we identified the directly interacting proteins using chromatin isolation by RNA purification followed by protein mass spectrometry. We found 22 proteins predominantly clustering in two functional networks, i.e. RNA splicing and the ribosome. YBX1, PCBP1, PCBP2, RPS6 and RPL7 were validated, and binding to these proteins was influenced by the HELLP mutations carried. Finally, we show that the LINC-HELLP transcript levels are significantly upregulated in plasma of women in their first trimester of pregnancy compared with non-pregnant women, whereas this upregulation seems absent in a pilot set of patients later developing pregnancy complications, indicative of its functional significance in vivo .
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Characterization of Thermospheric Vertical Wind Activity at 225‐ to 295‐km Altitude Using GOCE Data and Validation Against Explorer Missions (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Recently, the horizontal and vertical cross wind at 225‐ to 295‐km altitude were derived from linear acceleration measurements of the Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer satellite. The vertical component of these wind data is compared to wind data derived from the mass spectrometers of the Atmosphere Explorer C and E and Dynamics Explorer 2 satellites. From a statistical analysis of the 120‐s moving‐window standard deviation of the vertical wind (σ(Vz)), no consistent discrepancy is found between the accelerometer‐derived and the mass spectrometer‐derived data. The validated Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer data are then used to investigate the influence of several parameters and indices on the vertical wind activity. To this end, the probability distribution of σ(Vz) is plotted after distributing the data over bins of the parameter under investigation. The vertical wind is found to respond strongly to geomagnetic activity at high latitudes, although the response settles around a maximum standard deviation of 50 m/s at an Auroral Electrojet index of 800. The dependence on magnetic local time changes with magnetic latitude, peaking around 4:30 over the polar cap and around 01:30 and 13:30 in the auroral oval. Seasonal effects only become visible at low to middle latitudes, revealing a peak wind variability in both local summer and winter. The vertical wind is not affected by the solar activity level.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9380
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9402
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Diminishing returns from mutation supply rate in asexual populations (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-15
    Description: Mutator genotypes with increased mutation rates may be especially important in microbial evolution if genetic adaptation is generally limited by the supply of mutations. In experimental populations of the bacterium Escherichia coli, the rate of evolutionary adaptation was proportional to the mutation supply rate only in particular circumstances of small or initially well-adapted populations. These experiments also demonstrate a "speed limit" on adaptive evolution in asexual populations, one that is independent of the mutation supply rate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arjan, J A -- Visser, M -- Zeyl, C W -- Gerrish, P J -- Blanchard, J L -- Lenski, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):404-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. arjan.devisser@algemeen.micr.wau.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9888858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/physiology ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Linear Models ; *Models, Biological ; *Mutation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Energy Conditions in the Epoch of Galaxy Formation (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-04
    Description: The energy conditions of Einsteinian gravity (classical general relativity) do not require one to fix a specific equation of state. In a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe where the equation of state for the cosmological fluid is uncertain, the energy conditions provide simple, model-independent, and robust bounds on the behavior of the density and look-back time as a function of red shift. Current observations suggest that the "strong energy condition" was violated sometime between the epoch of galaxy formation and the present. This implies that no possible combination of "normal" matter is capable of fitting the observational data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Visser -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 4;276(5309):88-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physics Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA. E-mail: visser@kiwi.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9082991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Non-English papers decrease rankings (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Raan, Ton -- van Leeuwen, Thed -- Visser, Martijn -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 6;469(7328):34. doi: 10.1038/469034a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21209649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bibliometrics ; Communication Barriers ; Internationality ; *Language ; Research/*standards ; Universities/standards
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Cyanobacterial blooms (2018)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-27
    Description: Cyanobacterial blooms Cyanobacterial blooms, Published online: 26 June 2018; doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0040-1 Cyanobacteria can form large blooms that threaten the water quality of lakes and seas. In this Review, Huisman and colleagues discuss bloom formation, the impact of eutrophication and climate change, and measures to prevent and control cyanobacterial blooms.
    Print ISSN: 1740-1526
    Electronic ISSN: 1740-1534
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Lumped surface and sub-surface runoff for erosion modeling within a small hilly watershed in northern Vietnam (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-29
    Description: Developing models to predict on-site soil erosion and off-site sediment transport at the agricultural watershed scale represents an on-going challenge in research today. This study attempts to simulate the daily discharge and sediment loss using a distributed model that combines surface and sub-surface runoffs in a small hilly watershed (〈 1 km 2 ). The semi-quantitative model, PLER, integrates the Manning-Strickler equation to simulate runoff and the GUEST equation to simulate soil detachment, sediment storage and soil loss based on a map resolution of 30m x 30m and over a daily time interval. By using a basic input data set and only two calibration coefficients based respectively on water velocity and soil detachment, the PLER model is easily applicable to different agricultural scenarios. The results indicate appropriate model performance and a high correlation between measured and predicted data with both Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency ( Ef ) and correlation coefficient (r 2 ) having values 〉 0.9. With the simple input data needs, PLER model is a useful tool for daily runoff and soil erosion modeling in small hilly watersheds in humid tropical areas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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