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  • 1
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    Initial effect of the Fukushima accident on atmospheric electricity (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Vertical atmospheric DC electric field at ground level, or potential gradient (PG), suddenly dropped by one order of magnitude at Kakioka, 150 km southwest from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FNPP) right after the plant released a massive amount of radioactive material southward on 14 March, 2011. The PG stayed at this level for days with very small daily variations. Such a long-lasting near-steady low PG has never been observed at Kakioka. The sudden drop of PG with one-hour time scale is similar to those associated with rain-induced radioactive fallout after nuclear tests and the Chernobyl disaster. A comparison with the PG data with the radiation dose rate data at different places revealed that arrival of the radioactive dust by low-altitude wind caused the PG drop without rain. Furthermore, the PG might have reflected a minor release several hours before this release at the distance of 150 km. It is recommended that all nuclear power plant to have a network of PG observation surrounding the plant.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Superconducting characteristics of short MgB 2 wires of long level sensor for liquid hydrogen (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: To establish the worldwide storage and marine transport of hydrogen, it is important to develop a high-precision and long level sensor, such as a superconducting magnesium diboride (MgB 2 ) level sensor for large liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) tanks on board ships. Three 1.7- m-long MgB 2 wires were fabricated by an in situ method, and the superconducting characteristics of twenty-four 20-mm-long MgB 2 wires on the 1.7-m-long wires were studied. In addition, the static level-detecting characteristics of five 500-mm-long MgB 2 level sensors were evaluated under atmospheric pressure.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Natural killer (NK)-dendritic cell interactions generate MHC class II-dressed NK cells that regulate CD4+ T cells [Immunology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-09
    Description: Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to not only innate but also to adaptive immunity by interacting with dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. All activated human NK cells express HLA-DR and can initiate MHCII-dependent CD4+ T-cell proliferation; however, the expression of MHCII by mouse NK cells and its functional significance are controversial. In this study, we show that NK–DC interactions result in the emergence of MHCII-positive NK cells. Upon in vitro or in vivo activation, mouse conventional NK cells did not induce MHCII transcripts, but rapidly acquired MHCII protein from DCs. MHCII H2-Ab1–deficient NK cells turned I-Ab-positive when adoptively transferred into wild-type mice or when cultured with WT splenic DCs. NK acquisition of MHCII was mediated by intercellular membrane transfer called “trogocytosis,” but not upon DAP10/12- and MHCI-binding NK cell receptor signaling. MHCII-dressed NK cells concurrently acquired costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 from DCs; however, their expression did not reach functional levels. Therefore, MHCII-dressed NK cells inhibited DC-induced CD4+ T-cell responses rather than activated CD4+ T cells by competitive antigen presentation. In a mouse model for delayed-type hypersensitivity, adoptive transfer of MHCII-dressed NK cells attenuated footpad swelling. These results suggest that MHCII-dressed NK cells generated through NK–DC interactions regulate T cell-mediated immune responses.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Fabrication of Thermoelectric Mg 2 Si by Mechanofusion and Pulsed Electric Current Sintering (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-05
    Description: Mg 2 Si is a promising thermoelectric material because it is composed of non-toxic and "ubiquitous" elements, and development of an efficient production process for bulk Mg 2 Si is important for the fabrication of thermoelectric devices. The mechanofusion (MF) process, which is an attrition type milling process, is attractive in terms of ease of use and collection of powder materials, in addition to a reduced risk of contamination since it requires no milling medium. In the present study, the MF process was applied to produce Mg 2 Si powder, and pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) was then used to densify the powder. The density, microstructure and thermoelectric properties of the final bulk product were evaluated.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    Thermoelectric and electrical properties of p-type YbB 6 (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-08
    Description: Polycrystalline YbB x ( x = 5.7−6.3) were prepared and their thermoelectric properties were measured to discuss the possibility of p-type thermoelectric material. P-type Seebeck coefficient was observed at around room temperature in the specimens with nominal composition of x =6.1 and 6.3, though they turned into n-type at high temperature due to thermal excitation of n-type carrier. Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of the p-type YbB 6 were as high as those of n-type alkaline-earth hexaborides, suggesting the possibility of p-type counterpart to the n-type ones.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Experimental examination of the relationships among chemico-osmotic, hydraulic and diffusion parameters of Wakkanai mudstones (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: Sequential permeability and chemical osmosis experiments on Wakkanai mudstones were performed to explore the relationships between the semipermeability of clayey rocks and the hydraulic and diffusion parameters as well as the pore-structure characteristics. The wide ranges in osmotic efficiency (0.0004-0.046) and intrinsic permeability (8.92 × 10 -20 -1.24 × 10 -17  m 2 ) reflect the variation in the pore-size distributions of the Wakkanai mudstones. A regression analysis between osmotic efficiency and permeability shows that the osmotic efficiency is proportional to the inverse of permeability, suggesting that the permeability is indeed indicative of the degree of semipermeability. Osmotic efficiency was determined invariant with the effective diffusion coefficient for the Wakkanai mudstones (3.59-8.36 × 10 -11  m 2 /s) due to their small osmotic efficiencies ( 〈 0.046). The wide variation in osmotic efficiencies and pore-structure characteristics of Wakkanai mudstones indicates that the nano-scale pores enable semipermeability in Wakkanai mudstones. However, the pressure evolution caused by chemical osmosis is limited by the connected wide pores that are the main conduits for water, thus dissipating the osmotic pressure build-up induced by the semipermeability of nano-scale pores.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Does richness of Oligochaeta (Annelida) follows a linear distribution with habitat structural heterogeneity in aquatic sediments? (2014)
    PAGEPress
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-27
    Description: Sediment of aquatic environments supports several local communities, among them aquatic invertebrates. Habitat structural heterogeneity in sediments of aquatic ecosystems is related to a number of factors, including variability in the particle size of the substrate and availability of different food resources, the two structures that comprise the aquatic sediment. These structures are necessary for the stability of zoobenthic community, including the Oligochaeta assemblage, favoring richness as habitat heterogeneity increases. To analyze the habitat structural heterogeneity, we use these following structures: granulometric composition and organic matter composition, and we tested these structures together (habitat heterogeneity) and separately (granulometric and organic matter heterogeneity). This study investigated the relationship between habitat structural heterogeneity and richness of the Oligochaeta assemblage. We hypothesized that there is a positive linear relationship between habitat structural heterogeneity and richness of Oligochaeta, and  predicted that the granulometric composition is more important than organic matter composition for increasing richness. There was no linear relationship between Oligochaeta richness and habitat heterogeneity; but the analysis showed an asymmetric triangular dispersion pattern, being granulometric heterogeneity more important than organic matter heterogeneity for richness of Oligochaeta. These results indicated that habitat structural heterogeneity was beneficial for richness of Oligochaeta until certain threshold and after this, the relationship between structural heterogeneity of habitats and richness of Oligochaeta is negative with decrease of diversity due to the filling of interstitial spaces which gradually reduces the ability to colonize these habitats.
    Print ISSN: 1129-5767
    Electronic ISSN: 1723-8633
    Topics: Biology
    Published by PAGEPress
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  • 8
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    Approximate forms of daytime ionospheric conductance (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: The solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence of the conductance is studied and a simple theoretical form for the Hall-to-Pedersen conductance ratio is developed, using the peak plasma production height. The European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radar observations at Tromsø (67 MLAT) on 30 March 2012 were used to calculate the conductance. The daytime electric conductance is associated with plasma created by solar extreme ultraviolet radiation incident on the neutral atmosphere of the Earth. However, it has been uncertain whether previous conductance models are consistent with the ideal Chapman theory for such plasma productions. We found that the SZA dependence of the conductance is consistent with the Chapman theory after simple modifications. The Pedersen conductance can be understood by approximating the plasma density height profile as being flat in the topside E region, and by taking into account the upward gradient of atmospheric temperature. An additional consideration is necessary for the Hall conductance, which decreases with increasing SZA more rapidly than the Pedersen conductance. This rapid decrease is presumably caused by a thinning of the Hall conductivity layer from noon towards nighttime. We expressed this thinning in terms of the peak production height in the Chapman theory.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Fluvoxamine alleviates ER stress via induction of Sigma-1 receptor (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-18
    Description: Fluvoxamine alleviates ER stress via induction of Sigma-1 receptor Cell Death and Disease 5, e1332 (July 2014). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.301 Authors: T Omi, H Tanimukai, D Kanayama, Y Sakagami, S Tagami, M Okochi, T Morihara, M Sato, K Yanagida, A Kitasyoji, H Hara, K Imaizumi, T Maurice, N Chevallier, S Marchal, M Takeda & T Kudo
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Gain-of-function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the human digestive tract, but their molecular etiology and cellular origin are unknown. Sequencing of c-kit complementary DNA, which encodes a proto-oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), from five GISTs revealed mutations in the region between the transmembrane and tyrosine kinase domains. All of the corresponding mutant KIT proteins were constitutively activated without the KIT ligand, stem cell factor (SCF). Stable transfection of the mutant c-kit complementary DNAs induced malignant transformation of Ba/F3 murine lymphoid cells, suggesting that the mutations contribute to tumor development. GISTs may originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) because the development of ICCs is dependent on the SCF-KIT interaction and because, like GISTs, these cells express both KIT and CD34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hirota, S -- Isozaki, K -- Moriyama, Y -- Hashimoto, K -- Nishida, T -- Ishiguro, S -- Kawano, K -- Hanada, M -- Kurata, A -- Takeda, M -- Muhammad Tunio, G -- Matsuzawa, Y -- Kanakura, Y -- Shinomura, Y -- Kitamura, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):577-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Osaka University Medical School, Yamada-oka 2-2, Suita 565, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD34/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA, Complementary ; Digestive System/cytology ; Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/chemistry/*genetics/pathology ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms/chemistry/genetics/pathology ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sequence Deletion ; Stem Cell Factor/pharmacology ; Stomach Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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