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  • 1
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    Sources and Characteristics of Medium Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Observed by High Frequency Radars in the North American Sector (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: Medium Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) are wave-like ionospheric perturbations routinely observed by high frequency radars. We focus on a class of MSTIDs observed during the winter daytime at high and mid latitudes. The source of these MSTIDs remains uncertain, with the two primary candidates being space weather and lower atmospheric processes. We surveyed observations from four high latitude and six mid latitude SuperDARN radars in the North American sector from November through May of 2012 to 2015. The MSTIDs observed have horizontal wavelengths between ∼150 to 650 km and horizontal velocities between ∼75 to 325 m s −1 . In local fall and winter seasons the majority of MSTIDs propagated equatorward, with bearings ranging from ∼125 ∘ to 225 ∘ geographic azimuth. No clear correlation with space weather activity as parameterized by A E and Sym-H could be identified. Rather, MSTID observations were found to have a strong correlation with polar vortex dynamics on two timescales. First, a seasonal timescale follows the annual development and decay of the polar vortex. Second, a shorter 2–4 week timescale again corresponds to synoptic polar vortex variability, including stratospheric warmings. Additionally, statistical analysis shows MSTIDs are more likely during periods of strong polar vortex. Direct comparison of the MSTID observations with stratospheric zonal winds suggests a wind filtering mechanism may be responsible for the strong correlation. Collectively, these observations suggest that polar atmospheric processes, rather than space weather activity, are primarily responsible for controlling the occurrence of high and mid latitude winter daytime MSTIDs.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    First radar observations in the vicinity of the plasmapause of pulsed ionospheric flows generated by bursty bulk flows (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: Recent expansion of the SuperDARN network to mid-latitudes and the addition of a new high-time resolution mode provides new opportunities to observe mid-latitude ultra-low frequency waves and other ionospheric sub-auroral features at high temporal resolution. On 22 February 2008, the Blackstone SuperDARN radar and THEMIS ground magnetometers simultaneously observed substorm Pi2 pulsations. Similarities in measurements from the Blackstone radar and a magnetometer at Remus suggest a common generating mechanism. Cross-phase analysis of magnetometer data places these measurements at the ionospheric projection of the plasmapause, while fine spatial and temporal details of the radar data show evidence of field line compressions. About 1 min prior to ground Pi2 observation, 2 Earthward-moving Bursty Bulk Flows (BBFs) were observed by THEMIS probes D and E in the near-Earth plasma sheet. We conclude that the first 2 pulses of the Pi2s observed at Blackstone and Remus result from compressional energy generated by BBFs braking against the magnetospheric dipolar region.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Climatology of Medium Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Observed by the Midlatitude Blackstone SuperDARN Radar (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-19
    Description: A climatology of daytime midlatitude medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) observed by the Blackstone SuperDARN radar is presented. MSTIDs were observed primarily from Fall through Spring. Two populations were observed: a dominant population heading southeast (centered at 147° geographic azimuth, ranging from 100° to 210°), and a secondary population heading northwest (centered at −50° azimuth, ranging from −75° to −25°).Horizontal velocities ranged from 50–250 m s −1 with a distribution maximum between 100 to 150 m s −1 . Horizontal wavelengths ranged from 100–500 km with a distribution peak at 250 km, and periods between 23–60 min, suggesting the MSTIDs may be consistent with thermospheric gravity waves. A local time (LT) dependence was observed such that the dominant (southeastward) population decreased in number as the day progressed until a late afternoon increase. The secondary (northwestward) population appeared only in the afternoon, possibly indicative of neutral wind effects or variability of sources. LT dependence was not observed in other parameters. Possible solar-geomagnetic and tropospheric MSTID sources were considered. The auroral electrojet (AE) index showed a correlation with MSTID statistics. Reverse ray-tracing with the HINDGRATS model indicates the dominant population has source regions over the Great Lakes and near the geomagnetic cusp, while the secondary population source region is 100 km above the Atlantic Ocean east of the Carolinas. This suggests the dominant population may come from a region favorable to either tropospheric or geomagnetic sources, while the secondary population originates from a region favorable to secondary waves generated via lower atmospheric convection.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Interleukin-22 drives endogenous thymic regeneration in mice (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: Endogenous thymic regeneration is a crucial function that allows for renewal of immune competence after stress, infection, or immunodepletion. However, the mechanisms governing this regeneration remain poorly understood. We detail such a mechanism, centered on interleukin-22 (IL-22) and triggered by the depletion of CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes. Intrathymic levels of IL-22 were increased after thymic insult, and thymic recovery was impaired in IL-22-deficient mice. IL-22, which signaled through thymic epithelial cells and promoted their proliferation and survival, was up-regulated by radio-resistant RORgamma(t)(+)CCR6(+)NKp46(-) lymphoid tissue inducer cells after thymic injury in an IL-23-dependent manner. Administration of IL-22 enhanced thymic recovery after total body irradiation. These studies reveal mechanisms of endogenous thymic repair and offer innovative regenerative strategies for improving immune competence.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3616391/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3616391/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dudakov, Jarrod A -- Hanash, Alan M -- Jenq, Robert R -- Young, Lauren F -- Ghosh, Arnab -- Singer, Natalie V -- West, Mallory L -- Smith, Odette M -- Holland, Amanda M -- Tsai, Jennifer J -- Boyd, Richard L -- van den Brink, Marcel R M -- AI080455/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA107096/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL069929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL095075/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI080455/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA107096/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL069929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL095075/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009207/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 6;336(6077):91-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1218004. Epub 2012 Mar 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. dudakovj@mskcc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Count ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Dendritic Cells/physiology ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/physiology ; Interleukin-23/metabolism ; Interleukins/administration & dosage/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Lymphocytes/cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics/metabolism ; Radiation Dosage ; Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage ; *Regeneration ; Signal Transduction ; Thymocytes/*physiology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology/*physiology/radiation effects ; Up-Regulation ; Whole-Body Irradiation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quenching of benzene fluorescence in pulsed proton irradiation. Temperature dependence (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 83 (1979), S. 1205-1207 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100472a019
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quenching of benzene fluorescence in pulsed proton irradiation (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 81 (1977), S. 377-380 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100520a002
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  • 7
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    Quenching of benzene fluorescence in pulsed proton irradiation. Temperature dependence (1979)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-3654
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5740
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 8
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    Quenching of benzene fluorescence in pulsed proton irradiation: Dependence on proton energy (1977)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 9
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    Transtensional Tectonics of the Minto Flats Fault Zone and Nenana Basin, Central Alaska (2015)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: Central Alaska is a broad zone of crustal deformation that is produced by collision and flat slab subduction. Within central Alaska, there are large-scale right-lateral strike-slip faults, such as the Denali fault (2002 M w  7.9), as well as smaller-scale fold-and-thrust belts and a set of left-lateral strike-slip fault zones, one of which is the Minto Flats fault zone (MFFZ). We use seismological evidence to document a pair of overlapping left-lateral faults that define the MFFZ. Microseismicity delineates this 180-km-long fault zone. Using body waves and surface waves, we perform moment tensor inversions for the 11 best-recorded earthquakes in the fault zone. Moment tensors reveal consistent left-lateral faulting throughout the fault zone. A finite-source model for the 1995 M w  6.0 earthquake is consistent with left-lateral faulting and provides rupture details for the largest known event in the fault zone. The two main faults are separated by 10 km and overlap by 67 km, forming a releasing stepover geometry within a local transtensional setting. Between the faults is a 90-km-long, 12-km-wide, and 8-km-deep sedimentary basin (the Nenana basin). We interpret the transtensional faulting to be responsible for the development of the basin over the past 6 Ma. The distances of fault overlap and fault separation are key parameters for determining (1) the 3D morphology of the sedimentary basin and (2) the likelihood of earthquake ruptures jumping from one fault to the next. The structure of the Nenana basin is consistent with shear motion accommodated by the identified faults. The 10 km fault separation suggests that ruptures are not likely to span the entire fault zone. Earthquakes as large as M w  7.0–7.5 could occur on the faults. The transtensional fault zone provides an important constraint for understanding the larger-scale intraplate tectonic setting of central Alaska. Online Material: Figures of waveform fits, depth estimation for moment tensors, variation in seismicity, and fault-plane identification.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 10
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    Modeling Amateur Radio Soundings of the Ionospheric Response to the 2017 Great American Eclipse (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-28
    Description: On 21 August 2017, a total solar eclipse traversed the continental United States and caused large-scale changes in ionospheric densities. These were detected as changes in medium- and high-frequency radio propagation by the Solar Eclipse QSO Party citizen science experiment organized by the Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation (hamsci.org). This is the first eclipse-ionospheric study to make use of measurements from a citizen-operated, global-scale HF propagation network and develop tools for comparison to a physics-based model ionosphere. Eclipse effects were observed ±0.3 hr on 1.8 MHz, ±0.75 hr on 3.5 and 7 MHz, and ±1 hr on 14 MHz and are consistent with eclipse-induced ionospheric densities. Observations were simulated using the PHaRLAP raytracing toolkit in conjunction with the eclipsed SAMI3 ionospheric model. Model results suggest 1.8, 3.5, and 7 MHz refracted at h≥125 km altitude with elevation angles θ≥22°, while 14 MHz signals refracted at h 〈 125 km with elevation angles θ 〈 10°. ©2018. The Authors.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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