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  • 1
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    Distribution of branched Gdgts in surface sediments from the colville river, Alaska: Implications for the Mbt’/Cbt paleothermometer in arctic marine sediments (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-24
    Description: Significant climate fluctuations in the Arctic over the recent past, and additional predicted future temperature changes, highlight the need for high-resolution Arctic paleoclimate records. Arctic coastal environments supplied with terrigenous sediment from Arctic rivers have the potential to provide annual to sub-decadal resolution records of climate variability over the last few millennia. A potential tool for paleotemperature reconstructions in these marine sediments is the MBT’/CBT proxy based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). In this study, we examine the source of brGDGTs in the Colville River, Alaska and the adjacent Simpson Lagoon, and reconstruct temperatures from Simpson Lagoon sediments to evaluate the applicability of this proxy in Arctic estuarine environments. The Colville catchment soils, fluvial sediments, and estuarine sediments contain statistically similar brGDGT distributions, indicating that the brGDGTs throughout the system are soil-derived with little alteration from in situ brGDGT production in the river or coastal waters. Temperatures reconstructed from the MBT’/CBT indices for surface samples show good agreement with regional summer (June through September; JJAS) temperatures, suggesting a seasonal bias in Arctic temperature reconstructions from the Colville system. In addition, we reconstruct paleotemperatures from an estuarine sediment core that spans the last 75 y, revealing an overall warming trend in the 20 th century that is consistent with trends observed in regional instrumental records. These results support the application of this brGDGT-based paleotemperature proxy for sub-decadal scale summer temperature reconstructions in Arctic estuaries containing organic material derived from sediment-laden, episodic rivers.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    VERITAS and multiwavelength observations of the BL Lacertae object 1ES 1741+196 (2016)
    Abeysekara, A. U., Archambault, S., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Biteau, J., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cardenzana, J. V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Christiansen, J. L., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Flinders, A., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Huetten, M., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O'Brien, S., O'Faolain de Bhroithe, A., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pelassa, V., Petrashyk, A., Petry, D., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Ratliff, G., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Reynolds, K., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Smith, A. W., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Weiner, O. M., Weinstein, A., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B.
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-06
    Description: We present results from multiwavelength observations of the BL Lacertae object 1ES 1741 + 196, including results in the very high energy -ray regime using the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). The VERITAS time-averaged spectrum, measured above 180 GeV, is well modelled by a power law with a spectral index of 2.7 ± 0.7 stat ± 0.2 syst . The integral flux above 180 GeV is (3.9 ± 0.8 stat ± 1.0 syst ) x 10 –8 m –2  s –1 , corresponding to 1.6 per cent of the Crab nebula flux on average. The multiwavelength spectral energy distribution of the source suggests that 1ES 1741+196 is an extreme-high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object. The observations analysed in this paper extend over a period of six years, during which time no strong flares were observed in any band. This analysis is therefore one of the few characterizations of a blazar in a non-flaring state.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Serum bilirubin concentration is modified by UGT1A1 Haplotypes and influences risk of Type-2 diabetes in the Norfolk Island genetic isolate (2015)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-03
    Description: Background: Located in the Pacific Ocean between Australia and New Zealand, the unique population isolate of Norfolk Island has been shown to exhibit increased prevalence of metabolic disorders (type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease) compared to mainland Australia. We investigated this well-established genetic isolate, utilising its unique genomic structure to increase the ability to detect related genetic markers. A pedigree-based genome-wide association study of 16 routinely collected blood-based clinical traits in 382 Norfolk Island individuals was performed. Results: A striking association peak was located at chromosome 2q37.1 for both total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, with 29 SNPs reaching statistical significance (P 
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2156
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 4
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    Resonant control of polar molecules in individual sites of an optical lattice (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-09
    Description: Author(s): Thomas M. Hanna, Eite Tiesinga, William F. Mitchell, and Paul S. Julienne We study the resonant control of two nonreactive polar molecules in an optical lattice site, focusing on the example of RbCs. Collisional control can be achieved by tuning bound states of the intermolecular dipolar potential by varying the applied electric field or trap frequency. We consider a wide... [Phys. Rev. A 85, 022703] Published Wed Feb 08, 2012
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular collisions and interactions
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    The distribution of Mg-spinel across the Moon and constraints on crustal origin (2014)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-02
    Description: A robust assessment is made of the distribution and (spatially resolved) geologic context for the newly identified rock type on the Moon, a Mg-spinel-bearing anorthosite (pink-spinel anorthosite, PSA). Essential criteria for confirmed detection of Mg-spinel using spectroscopic techniques are presented and these criteria are applied to recent data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper. Altogether, 23 regions containing confirmed exposures of the new Mg-spinel rock type are identified. All exposures are in highly feldspathic terrain and are small—a few hundred meters—but distinct and verifiable, most resulting from multiple measurements. Each confirmed detection is classified according to geologic context along with other lithologies identified in the same locale. Confirmed locations include areas along the inner rings of four mascon basins, knobs within central peaks of a few craters, and dispersed exposures within the terraced walls of several large craters. Unexpected detections of Mg-spinel are also found at a few areas of hypothesized non-mare volcanism. The small Mg-spinel exposures are shown to be global in distribution, but generally associated with areas of thin crust. Confirmation of Mg-spinel exposures as part of the inner ring of four mascon basins indicates this PSA rock type is principally of lower crust origin and predates the basin-forming era.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 6
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    Pipeline Right‐Of‐Way Construction Activities Impact on Deep Soil Compaction (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract A 762 mm diameter pipe 1,886 km long was installed to transfer crude oil in the USA from North Dakota to Illinois. To investigate the impact of construction and restoration practices on long term soil productivity and crop yield, vertical soil stresses induced by a Caterpillar (CAT) pipe liner PL 87 (475 kN vehicle load) and semi‐trailer truck (8.9 kN axle load) were studied in a farm field. Soil properties (bulk density and cone penetration resistance) were measured on field‐zones within the right‐of‐way (ROW) classified according to construction machine trafficking and sub‐soil tillage (300 mm and 450 mm depth tillage in two repeated passes) treatments. At 20 mm depth from subsoiled surface, the magnitude of peak vertical soil stress from the semi‐truck trailer and CAT pipe liner PL 87 was 133 kPa. The peak vertical soil stress at 400 mm soil depth appeared to be influenced by vehicle weight where the Caterpillar pipe liner PL 87 created soil compaction a magnitude of 1.5 greater than from the semi‐trailer truck. Results from the soil bulk density and soil cone penetration also showed the ROW zones had significantly higher soil compaction than adjacent unaffected corn planted fields. Tillage to 450 mm depth alleviated the deep soil compaction better than the 300 mm depth tillage as measured by cone penetration resistance within the ROW zones and the unaffected zone. These results could be incorporated into agricultural mitigation plan in ROW construction utilities to minimize soil damage and crop damage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0266-0032
    Electronic ISSN: 1475-2743
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Activating mutations in ALK provide a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-17
    Description: Neuroblastoma, an embryonal tumour of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, accounts for approximately 15% of all deaths due to childhood cancer. High-risk neuroblastomas are rapidly progressive; even with intensive myeloablative chemotherapy, relapse is common and almost uniformly fatal. Here we report the detection of previously unknown mutations in the ALK gene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, in 8% of primary neuroblastomas. Five non-synonymous sequence variations were identified in the kinase domain of ALK, of which three were somatic and two were germ line. The most frequent mutation, F1174L, was also identified in three different neuroblastoma cell lines. ALK complementary DNAs encoding the F1174L and R1275Q variants, but not the wild-type ALK cDNA, transformed interleukin-3-dependent murine haematopoietic Ba/F3 cells to cytokine-independent growth. Ba/F3 cells expressing these mutations were sensitive to the small-molecule inhibitor of ALK, TAE684 (ref. 4). Furthermore, two human neuroblastoma cell lines harbouring the F1174L mutation were also sensitive to the inhibitor. Cytotoxicity was associated with increased amounts of apoptosis as measured by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of ALK expression in neuroblastoma cell lines with the F1174L mutation also resulted in apoptosis and impaired cell proliferation. Thus, activating alleles of the ALK receptor tyrosine kinase are present in primary neuroblastoma tumours and in established neuroblastoma cell lines, and confer sensitivity to ALK inhibition with small molecules, providing a molecular rationale for targeted therapy of this disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2587486/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2587486/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, Rani E -- Sanda, Takaomi -- Hanna, Megan -- Frohling, Stefan -- Luther, William 2nd -- Zhang, Jianming -- Ahn, Yebin -- Zhou, Wenjun -- London, Wendy B -- McGrady, Patrick -- Xue, Liquan -- Zozulya, Sergey -- Gregor, Vlad E -- Webb, Thomas R -- Gray, Nathanael S -- Gilliland, D Gary -- Diller, Lisa -- Greulich, Heidi -- Morris, Stephan W -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Look, A Thomas -- CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA69129/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS047983/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS047983-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS047983-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS047983-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):975-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07397.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Enzyme Activation/genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Mice ; Mutation/*genetics ; Neuroblastoma/enzymology/*genetics/pathology/*therapy ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Somatic mutations affect key pathways in lung adenocarcinoma (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: Determining the genetic basis of cancer requires comprehensive analyses of large collections of histopathologically well-classified primary tumours. Here we report the results of a collaborative study to discover somatic mutations in 188 human lung adenocarcinomas. DNA sequencing of 623 genes with known or potential relationships to cancer revealed more than 1,000 somatic mutations across the samples. Our analysis identified 26 genes that are mutated at significantly high frequencies and thus are probably involved in carcinogenesis. The frequently mutated genes include tyrosine kinases, among them the EGFR homologue ERBB4; multiple ephrin receptor genes, notably EPHA3; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR; and NTRK genes. These data provide evidence of somatic mutations in primary lung adenocarcinoma for several tumour suppressor genes involved in other cancers--including NF1, APC, RB1 and ATM--and for sequence changes in PTPRD as well as the frequently deleted gene LRP1B. The observed mutational profiles correlate with clinical features, smoking status and DNA repair defects. These results are reinforced by data integration including single nucleotide polymorphism array and gene expression array. Our findings shed further light on several important signalling pathways involved in lung adenocarcinoma, and suggest new molecular targets for treatment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694412/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694412/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Li -- Getz, Gad -- Wheeler, David A -- Mardis, Elaine R -- McLellan, Michael D -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Greulich, Heidi -- Muzny, Donna M -- Morgan, Margaret B -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Fulton, Robert S -- Zhang, Qunyuan -- Wendl, Michael C -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Larson, David E -- Chen, Ken -- Dooling, David J -- Sabo, Aniko -- Hawes, Alicia C -- Shen, Hua -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Lewis, Lora R -- Hall, Otis -- Zhu, Yiming -- Mathew, Tittu -- Ren, Yanru -- Yao, Jiqiang -- Scherer, Steven E -- Clerc, Kerstin -- Metcalf, Ginger A -- Ng, Brian -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Gonzalez-Garay, Manuel L -- Osborne, John R -- Meyer, Rick -- Shi, Xiaoqi -- Tang, Yuzhu -- Koboldt, Daniel C -- Lin, Ling -- Abbott, Rachel -- Miner, Tracie L -- Pohl, Craig -- Fewell, Ginger -- Haipek, Carrie -- Schmidt, Heather -- Dunford-Shore, Brian H -- Kraja, Aldi -- Crosby, Seth D -- Sawyer, Christopher S -- Vickery, Tammi -- Sander, Sacha -- Robinson, Jody -- Winckler, Wendy -- Baldwin, Jennifer -- Chirieac, Lucian R -- Dutt, Amit -- Fennell, Tim -- Hanna, Megan -- Johnson, Bruce E -- Onofrio, Robert C -- Thomas, Roman K -- Tonon, Giovanni -- Weir, Barbara A -- Zhao, Xiaojun -- Ziaugra, Liuda -- Zody, Michael C -- Giordano, Thomas -- Orringer, Mark B -- Roth, Jack A -- Spitz, Margaret R -- Wistuba, Ignacio I -- Ozenberger, Bradley -- Good, Peter J -- Chang, Andrew C -- Beer, David G -- Watson, Mark A -- Ladanyi, Marc -- Broderick, Stephen -- Yoshizawa, Akihiko -- Travis, William D -- Pao, William -- Province, Michael A -- Weinstock, George M -- Varmus, Harold E -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Lander, Eric S -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Wilson, Richard K -- P50 CA070907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA154365/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U19 CA084953/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U19 CA084953-050003/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1069-75. doi: 10.1038/nature07423.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Genome Center at Washington University, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Mutation/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogenes/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Dynamics from noisy data with extreme timing uncertainty (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Description: Dynamics from noisy data with extreme timing uncertainty Nature 532, 7600 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature17627 Authors: R. Fung, A. Ourmazd, A. M. Hanna, O. Vendrell, S. Ramakrishna, T. Seideman, R. Santra & A. Ourmazd Imperfect knowledge of the times at which ‘snapshots’ of a system are recorded degrades our ability to recover dynamical information, and can scramble the sequence of events. In X-ray free-electron lasers, for example, the uncertainty—the so-called timing jitter—between the arrival of an optical trigger (‘pump’) pulse and a probing X-ray pulse can exceed the length of the X-ray pulse by up to two orders of magnitude, marring the otherwise precise time-resolution capabilities of this class of instruments. The widespread notion that little dynamical information is available on timescales shorter than the timing uncertainty has led to various hardware schemes to reduce timing uncertainty. These schemes are expensive, tend to be specific to one experimental approach and cannot be used when the record was created under ill-defined or uncontrolled conditions such as during geological events. Here we present a data-analytical approach, based on singular-value decomposition and nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis, that can recover the history and dynamics of a system from a dense collection of noisy snapshots spanning a sufficiently large multiple of the timing uncertainty. The power of the algorithm is demonstrated by extracting the underlying dynamics on the few-femtosecond timescale from noisy experimental X-ray free-electron laser data recorded with 300-femtosecond timing uncertainty. Using a noisy dataset from a pump-probe experiment on the Coulomb explosion of nitrogen molecules, our analysis reveals vibrational wave-packets consisting of components with periods as short as 15 femtoseconds, as well as more rapid changes, which have yet to be fully explored. Our approach can potentially be applied whenever dynamical or historical information is tainted by timing uncertainty.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Atmospheric particles undergo phase separations [Environmental Sciences] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-15
    Description: A large fraction of submicron atmospheric aerosol particles contains both organic material and inorganic salts. As the relative humidity cycles in the atmosphere and the water content of the particles correspondingly changes, these mixed particles can undergo a range of phase transitions, possibly including liquid–liquid phase separation. If liquid–liquid phase...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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