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  • 1
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    Identification of mining blasts at mid- to far-regional distances using low frequency seismic signals (2002)
    In:  Pageoph, Oxford and Edinburgh, Blackwell Scientific Publications, vol. 159, no. 4, pp. 831-863, pp. 1484, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
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    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Mining geophysics ; Discrimination ; Low frequency ... ; Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; PAG
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Old seismic data yield insights (2000)
    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Oxford and Edinburgh, Blackwell Scientific Publications, vol. 81, no. 41, pp. 469, 472-473, pp. 1484, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
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    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Earthquake catalog ; historical ; Seismicity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    The time-frequency characteristics of quarry blasts and calibration explosions recorder in Kazakhstan, USSR (1989)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Oxford and Edinburgh, Blackwell Scientific Publications, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 109-122, pp. 1484, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
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    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Discrimination ; che ; qua ; PIC ; son ; Seismology ; Induced seismicity ; Spectrum ; Nuclear explosion ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Identification of mining blasts at mid- to far-regional distances using low frequency seismic signals (2002)
    In:  Pure and Applied Geophysics, Oxford and Edinburgh, Blackwell Scientific Publications, vol. 159, no. 4, pp. 831-863, pp. 1484, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Description: This paper reports results from two recent monitoring experiments in Wyoming. Broadband seismic recordings of kiloton class delay-fired cast blasts and instantaneous calibration shots in the Black Thunder coal mine were made at four azimuths at ranges from 1° to 2°. The primary focus of this experiment was to observe and to explain low-frequency signals that can be seen at all azimuths and should routinely propagate above noise to mid-regional distances where most events will be recorded by International Monitoring System (IMS) stations.The recordings clearly demonstrate that large millisecond delay-fired cast blasts routinely produce seismic signals that have significant spectral modulations below 10Hz. These modulations are independent of time, the azimuth from the source and the orientation of the sensor. Low-frequency modulations below 5Hz are seen beyond 9°. The modulations are not due to resonance as they are not produced by the calibration shots. Linear elastic modeling of the blasts that is guided by mine-blast reports fails to reproduce the fine detail of these modulations but clearly indicates that the enhanced ``spectral roughness'' is due to long interrow delays and source finiteness. The mismatch between the data and the synthetics is likely due to source processes, such as nonlinear interactions between shots, that are poorly understood and to other effects, such as variations of shot time and yield from planned values, that are known to be omnipresent but cannot be described accurately. A variant of the Automated Time-Frequency Discriminant (Hedlin, 1998b), which uses low-frequency spectral modulations, effectively separates these events from the calibration shots.The experiment also provided evidence that kiloton class cast blasts consistently yield energetic 2-10 second surface waves. The surface waves are strongly dependent on azimuth but are seen beyond 9°. Physical modeling of these events indicates that the surface waves are due mainly to the extended source duration and to a lesser extent to the slap-down of spalled material. The directionality is largely a path effect. A discriminant that is based on the partitioning of energy between surface and body waves routinely separates these events from the calibration shots.The Powder River Basin has essentially no natural seismic activity. How these mining events compare to earthquake observations remains to be determined.
    Keywords: K Low frequency ; Discrimination explosions ; Teleseismic events ; Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; PAG
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    An "automatic" means to discriminate between earthquakes and quarry blasts (1990)
    NORSAR
    In:  NORSAR Symp. Reg. Seism. Arrays and Nuclear Test Ban Verification, Oslo, NORSAR, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. PNL-CC-1801 171, pp. 40-48, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: AUD ; Artificial intelligence (AI) ; Discrimination ; Nuclear explosion ; Seismology ; Induced seismicity ; Spectrum
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    A Study of Infrasound Propagation Using Dense Seismic Network Recordings of Surface Explosions (2012)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-01
    Description: We use dense seismic network recordings of accurately located surface explosions in northern Utah to shed light on the propagation of infrasound through the stratosphere. The data clearly show propagation of infrasound downwind from the source, as expected. The data also clearly show the penetration of infrasound into geometric shadow zones near the source and the spread of infrasound to a distance of 800 km from the source. The spread of infrasound both toward and away from the source is not predicted by applying either ray theory or the full-wave finite-difference technique to smooth ground-to-space (G2S) models. The mismatch between synthetics and data suggest a missing component in these models, possibly a small-scale gravity-wave structure. Comparison of the network recordings of approximately 1500 infrasound signals with travel-time predictions based on rays shows no significant average bias in the travel times. On average, recorded signals arrived 1 s earlier than predictions. Travel-time residuals are normally distributed about the mean with a standard deviation of 15 s. The small bias of the travel-time predictions indicates that despite the fact that small-scale structure is averaged out of commonly used G2S models, the large-scale structure of the atmosphere is accurately represented. The scatter of travel-time residuals is suggestive of small-scale structure missing from the models that we used to make the predictions, but firm conclusions would require a more in-depth study.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 7
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    A method for detecting and locating geophysical events using groups of arrays (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: We have developed a novel method to detect and locate geophysical events that makes use of any sufficiently dense sensor network. This method is demonstrated using acoustic sensor data collected in 2013 at the USArray Transportable Array (TA). The algorithm applies Delaunay triangulation to divide the sensor network into a mesh of three-element arrays, called triads. Because infrasound waveforms are incoherent between the sensors within each triad, the data are transformed into envelopes, which are cross-correlated to find signals that satisfy a consistency criterion. The propagation azimuth, phase velocity and signal arrival time are computed for each signal. Triads with signals that are consistent with a single source are bundled as an event group. The ensemble of arrival times and azimuths of detected signals within each group are used to locate a common source in space and time. A total of 513 infrasonic stations that were active for part or all of 2013 were divided into over 2000 triads. Low (0.5–2 Hz) and high (2–8 Hz) catalogues of infrasonic events were created for the eastern USA. The low-frequency catalogue includes over 900 events and reveals several highly active source areas on land that correspond with coal mining regions. The high-frequency catalogue includes over 2000 events, with most occurring offshore. Although their cause is not certain, most events are clearly anthropogenic as almost all occur during regular working hours each week. The regions to which the TA is most sensitive vary seasonally, with the direction of reception dependent on the direction of zonal winds. The catalogue has also revealed large acoustic events that may provide useful insight into the nature of long-range infrasound propagation in the atmosphere.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 8
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    Forensic Investigation of a Probable Meteor Sighting Using USArray Acoustic Data (2014)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-11
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 9
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    Solar Terminator Waves in Surface Pressure Observations (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
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    Publication Date: 2018-05-28
    Description: We report observations of waveforms in surface pressure made over several years by a network of ground-level barometers in the eastern United States. The waveforms can be reconstructed by superimposing the 4th through 10th subharmonics of the solar day. Some of these solar harmonics are likely generated by the temperature and pressure gradients across the solar terminators. The measurements presented here enable a wave detection analysis which indicates that some waveforms are coherent between stations with a median speed of 49.7 m/s to the southeast. We interpret these propagating signals, which are interference patterns created by internal gravity waves with periods that are subharmonics of a solar day, as a previously undiscovered type of terminator wave. The waveforms appear predominantly postsunrise during winter and postsunset in summer. Their quasi-eastward propagation direction suggests an analogy with “stern” waves left behind by the faster, westward-moving terminator. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 10
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    Identification of Delay-Fired Mining Explosions Using Seismic Arrays: Application to the PDAR Array in Wyoming, USA (2007)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-01
    Description: We extend a time-frequency discrimination algorithm, developed in an earlier article (Arrowsmith et al., 2006), for application to seismic-array data. Spectrograms evaluated at each component of an array are stacked and then converted into binary form for computation of discriminants. Because noise can bias the discriminants, we develop a procedure for removing the effect of noise on the discriminants. The binary spectrograms are randomized where the spectral amplitude of the signal is similar to the mean spectral amplitude of the pre-event noise at that frequency. The formulism of Arrowsmith et al. (2006) is further extended by modifying the objective function used to optimize the values of input parameters and by removing high-frequency and low-frequency spectral content. We apply the method to a dataset of regional recordings of earthquakes and delay-fired mine blasts recorded at the Pinedale seismic array in Wyoming. Our results show that the utilization of array data improves the success rate for source identification. Furthermore, we find that incorporating the noise-correction procedure increases the separation between earthquakes and cast overburden blasts (the largest type of delay-fired mine blasts). In total, the algorithm successfully identifies 97.4% of the events (74 of a total of 76 events, which comprise earthquakes and cast overburden blasts).
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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