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  • 1
    Call number: MOP Per 699
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 264 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR : Abteilung N, Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften, Technik 1978,4
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Call number: MOP Per 699
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 281, [20] S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR : Abteilung N, Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften, Technik 1981,5
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 53 (1966), S. 200-201 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 52 (1965), S. 646-647 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Chitinase  ;  β-1 ; 3-Glucanase ; α-Manno‐sidase ; Nicotiana ; Protein secretion ; Suspension culture ; Vacuolar enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. We have investigated the possibility that vacuolar proteins can be secreted into the medium of cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum L. Time-course and balance-sheet experiments showed that a large fraction, up to ca. 19%, of vacuolar α-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) and vacuolar class I chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) in suspension cultures accumulated in the medium within one week after subculturing. This effect was most pronounced in media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Under comparable conditions only a small fraction, 1.8–5.1% of the total protein and ca. 1% of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), which is localized primarily in the mitochondria and cytoplasm, accumulated in the medium. Pulse-chase experiments showed that newly synthesized vacuolar class I isoforms of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) were released into the medium. Post-translational processing, but not the release of these proteins, was delayed by the secretion inhibitor brefeldin A. Only forms of the proteins present in the vacuole, i.e. mature chitinase and pro-β-1,3-glucanase and mature β-1,3-glucanase, were chased into the medium of tobacco cell-suspension cultures. Our results provide strong evidence that vacuolar α-mannosidase, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase can be secreted into the medium. They also suggest that secretion of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase might be via a novel pathway in which the proteins pass through the vacuolar compartment.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Brassica (germination) – Germination – Globulin breakdown –Phaseolus (germination) – Seedling growth –Vicia (germination)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The temporal and spatial patterns of storage-globulin mobilization were immunohistochemically pursued in the embryonic axis and cotyledons of vetch seed (Vicia sativa L.) during germination and early seedling growth. Embryonic axes as well as cotyledons of mature seeds contain protein bodies with stored globulins. Prevascular strands of axes and cotyledons, the radicle and epidermal layers of axis organs were nearly exclusively stained by vicilin antibodies whereas the cotyledonous storage mesophyll gave similar staining for vicilin and legumin. Globulin breakdown started locally where growth and differentiation commenced in the axis. There, vicilin mobilization preceded legumin mobilization. Thus vicilin represents the initial source of amino acids for early growth and differentiation processes in vetch. Legumin presumably only serves as a bulk amino acid source for subsequent seedling growth during postgerminative globulin degradation. During the first 2–3 d after the start of imbibition the axis was depleted of globulins whereas no decrease in immunostainability was detected in the cotyledons except in their vascular strands where immunostainability was almost completely lost at this time. Continuous vascular strands were established at the third day when globulin breakdown was finished in the axis but had just started in the cotyledon mesophyll. Protein mobilization proceeded in a small zone from the epidermis towards the vascular strands in the center of the cotyledons. In this zone the storage cells, which initially appeared densely packed with starch grains and protein bodies, concomitantly transformed into cells with a large central vacuole and only a thin cytoplasmic layer attached to the cell wall. These results agree well with the hypothesis that during the first 2 d after imbibition the axis is autonomous in amino acid provision. After the endogenous reserves of the axis are depleted and the conductive tissue has differentiated, globulins are mobilized in the cotyledons, suggesting that then the amino acid supply is taken over by the cotyledons. For comparison with other degradation patterns we used garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and rape (Brassica napus L.) as reference plants.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: 2S Globulin ; Narbonin (immunolocalization) ; Seed ; Storage Protein ; Translation (in vitro) ; Vicia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Narbonin is a 2S protein from the globulin fraction of narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis L.) cotyledons. Its amino acid composition and the pattern of its regulated accumulation in developing seeds led to the suggestion that narbonin could be a storage protein. Therefore, it was expected to be present in protein bodies of the storage tissue cells. Comparison of the cDNA-derived amino acid sequence with a directly determined partial N-terminal sequence revealed that the primary translation product of narbonin mRNA lacks a transient N-terminal signal peptide (V.H. Nong et al., 1995, Plant Mol Biol 28: 61–72). Narbonin polypeptides that had been synthesized in a cell-free translation system supplemented with dog pancreas microsomes were not protected against degradation by posttranslationally added proteases (protease protection assay). In accordance with the lack of a signal peptide this indicates that the polypeptide was not cotranslationally sequestered into the microsomes. The protein-body fraction that had been isolated from mature narbon bean cotyledons by a non-aqueous gradient centrifugation procedure was free of narbonin; this was found in the soluble cell fraction. In electron micrographs, narbonin could be localized in the cytoplasm using the immuno gold-labelling technique. Previously, it had already been shown that narbonin is too slowly degraded during narbon bean germination to act as a storage protein. From all these results it has to be concluded that narbonin is a cytoplasmic protein which does not belong to the storage proteins in the restricted sense. Other possible functions are discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 15 (1967), S. 311-350 
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary First proposals for economic use of micro-algae by mass culture were made 25 years ago (Harder and von Witsch). Considering the increasing interest in this question experiments, success, experience, and problems of mass culture of algae are being reviewed. Detailed laboratory investigations on growth and metabolism of unicellular green algae rendered the basis for producing algae by pilot plants being operated, as a rule, with open containers in the open air; closed systems were used but rarely. Nearly in all cases additional heating and artificial light were abandoned. One of the main obstacles on the way for successful technical production of algae is the inability of sufficiently adapting the cultivation methods to the different and changable climatic conditions. Systematically isolating and collecting algae strains from natural sites and investigating the influence of temperature and light upon their productivity are ways in getting drains which are well adapted to specific climatic conditions and promise economic success. More detailed description follows of pilot plants from Hungaria, Czechoslovakia and Poland, which have been built after 1960 representing examples for further development of production methods and for successful use of natural resources. The protein content of algal products is just as high as in high quality animal food and higher than in the most vegetable feed-stuffs. Experiments made hitherto in feeding algae to animals proved to be appropriate. Before algae may be fed, however, on a large scale, more extensive feeding experiments with domestic animals are necessary. On principle, economic use of micro-algae may be expected in the future.
    Abstract: Краткое содержание 25 лет тому назад было впервые предложено использование массовых культур одноклеточных водорослей в хозяйственных целях (Хардер и фон Вич). Поскольку интерес к этому вопросу постоянно воэрастает — дается обзор проведенных опытов, достигнутых результатов и возникших проблем. Тщательные лабораторные исследования роста и обмена веществ одноклеточных зеленых водорослей полоQzили основу их продукции в полупроизводс твенных условиях. Здесь, в большинстве случаев, применялись открытые бассейны под открытым небом; закрытые системы применялись реже. Культуры велись почти всегда без добавочного огрева и освещения. Главным затруднением на пути к рентабельному пронзводству водорослей является то, что ещё не удалось приспособить такую культуру К различным и изменчивым климатическим условиям. Систематическое выделение и собирание штаммов водорослей с различных местообитаний и изучение зависимости их продуктивности от температурных и световых условий — это те пути, которые помогут найти форму производотва, хорошо приспособленную к определенным климатическим условиям и перспективную с хозяйственной точки зрения. Более подробно описываются „заводы“ для культуры водорослей в Венгрии, Чехословакии и Польше, построенные после 1960 года, а также примеры дальнейшего развития методов производства и удачного использования данных естественных условий. Содержание белка у продуктов, полученных из водорослей так же высоко, как у полноценных кормовых продуктов животного происхождения и выше, чем у большинства растительных кормов. Опыты использования водорослей в кормлении животных показали уже их принципиальную пригодность. Однако, прежде чем перейти к кормлению водорослями в широком масштабе, необходимо будет провести еще много опытов по кормлению домашних животных. Хозяйственное использование одноклеточных водорослей в будущем представляется сейчас вполне возможным.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Vor nunmehr 25 Jahren wurde der erste Vorschlag gemacht, Kleinalgen durch Massenkultur wirtschaftlich zu nutzen (Harder und von Witsch). Im Hinblick auf das ständig wachsende Interesse an dieser Frage wird eine Übersicht über Versuche, Erfolge, Erfahrungen und Probleme der Algenmassenkultur gegeben. Eingehende Laboratoriums-Untersuchungen über Wachstum und Stoffwechsel einzelliger Grünalgen lieferten die Grundlagen für die Produktion von Algen in halbindustriellen Anlagen. Sie wurden meist mit offenen Kulturbehältern und unter freiem Himmel betrieben; seltener wendete man geschlossene Systeme an. Größtenteils wurde auf zusätzliche künstliche Beheizung und Belichtung verzichtet. Eine Hauptschwierigkeit auf dem Wege zu einer wirtschaftlich erfolgreichen Algenproduktion besteht darin, daß die Kulturverfahren noch nicht genügend an unterschiedliche und wechselnde Klimabedingungen angepaßt werden können. Systematische Isolierung und Sammlung von Algenstämmen von verschiedenen natürlichen Standorten und die Untersuchung der Temperatur- und Lichtabhängigkeit ihrer Produktivität sind Wege, um Formen zu gewinnen, die bestimmten klimatischen Bedingungen gut angepaßt sind und wirtschaftlichen Erfolg versprechen. Es werden Kulturanlagen aus Ungarn, der Tschechoslowakei und Polen näher beschrieben, die in den Jahren nach 1960 erbaut wurden und Beispiele für die Weiterentwicklung der Produktionsverfahren und für eine gelungene Ausnutzung natürlicher Gegebenheiten sind. Der Eiweißgehalt von Algenprodukten ist ebenso hoch wie bei hochwertigen tierischen und höher als bei den meisten pflanzlichen Futtermitteln. Die bisherigen Versuche über eine Nutzung der Algen in der Tierernährung haben ihre grundsätzliche Eignung bewiesen. Ehe Algen in großem Umfang verfüttert werden können, sind jedoch umfangreichere Fütterungsversuche mit Haustieren erforderlich. Grundsätzlich kann in der Zukunft mit einer wirtschaftlichen Nutzung von Kleinalgen gerechnet werden.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. The effect of sunlight and shade exposure upon germination, growth, and dry matter production was investigated in seedlings ofCoffea arabica L. ‘Caturra’ from february to september 1968 and 1969, in the climatic conditions of Havana, Cuba. 2. Sun and shade exposure did not affect the final germination percentage, but the germination rate was different during the first weeks. The germination percentage did not depend on the soil mixtures used in our experiments. 3. Growth and dry matter production proved to be higher under shade than in the sun. It should not be recommended to grow coffee seedlings completely without shade under the given climatic conditions. 4. Coffee seedlings initially grown under shade and later on adapted to sunlight conditions did not show the negative effects as observed in samples cultivated completely without shade. 5. Some symptoms indicate that coffee should be considered as a shadow plant. 6. Applying the traditional method of transplanting coffee seedlings after formation of the cotyledons caused deformations of the root system in 30–60% of the samples. Comparative growth measurements of transplanted and nontransplanted coffee seedlings, both cultivated under shade, resulted, with statistical significance, in favour of non-transplantation.
    Abstract: Краткое содержание 1.Coffea arabica L. cv., ‘Caturra KMC’ с февраля по сентябрь 1968 и 1969 гг. культивировалось в условиях Гаваны на Кубе. Исследовалось влияние полного солнечного освещения и затенения на прорастание, рост н накопление сухого вещества. 2. Влияние солнечного света или тени не оказывало существенного влияния на число проростков. Однако скорость прорастания в течение первой недели оказалась в тени и на свету различной. Четкой зависимости числа проростков от применяемой почвенной смеси установлено не было. 3. Рост и образование сухого вещества молодых кофейных растений и в 1968 и в 1969 гг. оказались более интенсивными в тени. Таким образом, в данных климатических условиях, выращивание молодых растений кофейного дерева без затенения не рекомендуется. 4. Если молодые растения, выросзие в тени, позднее приучались к солнечному освещению, то нежелательные последствия возделывания на полном солнечном свету не наблюдались. 5. Некоторые числовые данные, полученные во время опыта, говорят в пользу того, что кофе обладает свойствами тенелюбивого растения. 6. Традиционный метод пересадки молодых растеньиц кофе после полного развития семядолей оказался причиной искривления корней у 30 до 60% всех растений. Сравнение роста пересаженных и непересаженных растений в условиях затенения выявило статистически достоверную разницу в пользу непересаженных.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1.Coffea arabica L., ‘Caturra’ wurde in den Monaten Februar bis September 1968 und 1969 unter den Klimabedingungen Havannas auf Kuba kultiviert. Der Einfluß des vollen Sonnenlichtes und der Schattierung auf Keimung, Wachstum und Produktion von Trockenmasse wurden untersucht. 2. Die Keimzahlen zeigten keinen nachhaltigen Effekt, der von Sonnen- oder Schattenbedingungen abhängig war. Der zeitliche Verlauf der Keimung ist bei schattierten und unschattierten Proben während der ersten Wochen jedoch unterschiedlich. Eine eindeutige Abhängigkeit der Keimzahlen von der verwendeten Bodenmischung ließ sich nicht nachweisen. 3. In beiden Jahren waren Wachstum und Produktion von Trockenmasse junger Kaffeepflanzen aus schattierten Kulturen größer als bei Anzucht in vollem Sonnenlicht. Unter den gegebenen Klimabedingungen ist eine Anzucht von Kaffee ohne Schattierung nicht zu empfehlen. 4. Wurden Kaffeepflanzen, die im Schatten aufgewachsen waren, später an Sonnenbedingungen adaptiert, so fehlten die negativen Folgen, die bei vollständiger Anzucht ohne Schatten beobachtet wurden. 5. Einige der gemessenen Kenngrößen deuten darauf hin, daß Kaffee Eigenschaften einer Schattenpflanze besitzt. 6. Die traditionelle Methode des Umpflanzens der Keimlinge nach voller Entwicklung der Kotyledonen hatte bei 30 bis 60% aller Pflanzen Wurzelverkrümmungen zur Folge. Ein Vegleich des Wachstums von umgepflanzten und nicht umgepflanzten Kaffee-Keimlingen unter Schattenbedingungen fiel statistisch gesichert zugunsten der nicht umgepflanzten Kulturen aus.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 16 (1968), S. 277-281 
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This communication comprises a survey of all important results, given in a table, concerning the productivity of microalgae mass cultures as hitherto described in literature. The question is a supplement to the author's publication in „Kulturpflanze“15 (1967) p. 311–350.
    Abstract: Краткое содержание В работе дается сводка (в форме таблины) всех существенных онубликованных данных о проиэводственных реэулвтатах, достигнутых в применении массовой кулътуры одноклеточных водорослей. Таблица является донолнением к работе автора, напечанной в «Кулвтурпфланце»15 (1967), стр. 311–350.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit enthält eine tabellarische Übersicht über alle wichtigen Angaben zu Produktionsergebnissen bei Massenkulturen von Kleinalgen, welche bisher im Schrifttum bekannt wurden. Es handelt sich um eine Ergänzung zur Arbeit des Verfassers in „Kulturpflanze“15 (1967) S. 311–350.
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