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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-chromosome transcription in Drosophila (1980)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 77 (1980), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Duplications involving the X chromosome of Drosophila were used to produce individuals with 1.25, 1.50, 1.62 and 1.85 X chromosomes. Rates of transcription in polytene chromosomes were measured autoradiographically after pulse-labeling salivary glands with 3H-uridine. We conclude that: (1) the sum of all transcription occurring on the X elements is constant (relative to autosomal transcription) regardless of how much X-chromosome material is present; (2) this constancy is apparently achieved through a uniform reduction of the rate of synthesis over all X-chromosomal segments as the size of the duplication increases. -/3 Thus, the transcription of a given segment of the X is dependent not just on the number of copies of that segment but also on the number of copies of other regions of the chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286051
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene dosage compensation in metafemales (3X; 2A) of Drosophila (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 248 (1974), S. 564-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The X chromosome of Drosophila provides a unique system for the study of modulation of eukaryotic gene ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/248564a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Development in Drosophila by Cortisone (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 217 (1968), S. 1286-1286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent observations in Sciara1 have indicated that the steroid hormone, cortisone, can completely suppress the puffing process and the uptake of tritiated uridine by salivary gland chromosomes, while the normal developmental sequence, viability and fertility are unaffected. RNA production is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2171286a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHROMATIN REMODELING IN DOSAGE COMPENSATION (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 39 (2005), S. 615-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In many multicellular organisms, males have one X chromosome and females have two. Dosage compensation refers to a regulatory mechanism that insures the equalization of X-linked gene products in males and females. The mechanism has been studied at the molecular level in model organisms belonging to three distantly related taxa; in these organisms, equalization is achieved by shutting down one of the two X chromosomes in the somatic cells of females, by decreasing the level of transcription of the two doses of X-linked genes in females relative to males, or by increasing the level of transcription of the single dose of X-linked genes in males. The study of dosage compensation in these different forms has revealed the existence of an amazing number of interacting chromatin remodeling mechanisms that affect the function of entire chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.094210
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of X chromosome transcription by the maleless gene in Drosophila (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 285 (1980), S. 573-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A screen of ethyl methane sulphonate-treated major autosomes resulted in the isolation of four new male-specific lethal mutations representing three complementation groups on chromosome 2. No female-specific lethals were recovered2. The mutants male-specific lethal-1 (msl-1) and lethal-lb (msl-1b) ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/285573a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional controls and dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 269 (1977), S. 243-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Three means by which the number of copies of X-linked genes may be equalised in male and female nuclei come to mind. First, the X chromosome may replicate earlier during the phase in males than in females. This is thought to be the case in polytenic nuclei of larval salivary glands6'7. During a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/269243a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dosage compensation of X-linked heat-shock puffs in Drophila pseudoobscura (1980)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 76 (1980), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four major puffs are inducible by heat shock in the larval salivary gland chromosomes of D. pseudoobscura. Two of these puffs are present at 23 and 39–40 on the right arm of the X chromosome and two are present at 53 and 58 on chromosome 2. By means of in situ hybridization, residual homologies were demonstrated between the puffs at 23 in D. pseudoobscura and at 63C in D. melanogaster, and between the two chromosome 2 puffs of D. pseudoobscura and 87A and 87C of D. melanogaster. RNA synthesis was monitored as a function of 3H-uridine incorporation in the major heat-induced puffs of D. pseudoobscura and was found to be equivalent in males and females indicating dosage compensation of the two X-linked loci. The evolution of the regulatory controls of these genes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327265
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The link between dosage compensation and sex differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster (1981)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 82 (1981), S. 217-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The rate of 3H-uridine incorporation into X-chromosome and autosomal RNA was measured as an indicator of relative transcription activity in larvae carrying various Sxl mutant alleles. Hyperactivity of X chromosomes was found in heteroallelic Sxl f#1/Sxlfhv#1 and homozygous Sxl f#2 female larvae. Sxl fhv#1 homozygotes, Sxl f#1/Sxl+ heterozygotes, heteroallelic Sxl f#2/Sxlf#2 as well as homozygous Sxl f#ba female larvae exhibited normal X chromosome transcription. Except for Sxl f#ba, there is a correlation between the viability of the mutants and the degree to which X-chromosome activity is elevated. Male larvae carrying the dominant male-specific lethal mutation Sxl M#1 displayed X chromosomes only half as wide as those of control larvae. However, it could not be determined whether this property is the result of a lower transcription rate or of underreplication of the mutated X chromosomes. The results demonstrate that the Sxl gene plays an important role in controlling X-chromosome activity. The relationship among the various genes known to act in sex differentiation and dosage compensation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-Linked gene activity in metamales (XY; 3A) of Drosophila (1977)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 65 (1977), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to determine the level of X-linked gene activity in metamales (XY; 3A) of Drosophila melanogaster, RNA synthesis was monitored as a function of 3H-uridine incorporation in nuclei of isolated larval salivary glands by standard autoradiographic means. These data show that the rate of RNA synthesis by the single X chromosome in metamales is approximately 90% of the rate achieved by the three X chromosomes of triploid females (3X; 3A). As an independent measure of chromosome activity, two X-linked enzymes and two autosomal enzymes were monitored in crude extracts by spectrophotometric assay procedures. The results reveal that X-linked enzyme activity levels in metamales constitute 80% of the levels exhibited by control triploid females or intersexes (XXY; 3A). We conclude that metamales exhibit substantial compensation beyond that which occurs in regular, diploid males. This finding establishes a new level of transcriptional activity possible for the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293126
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of a dispersed repetitive DNA sequence in isogenic lines of Drosophila (1981)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 82 (1981), S. 471-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The location of sequences homologous to a cloned D. melanogaster DNA segment, Dm 25, has been examined in polytene chromosomes by hybridization in situ. Dm 25 localizes to multiple sites and shows variation in patterns between different strains and among individuals within wild-type laboratory strains. Analysis of numerous geographically distinct isogenic lines suggests that Dm 25 patterns are determined by germ-line factors and are not the product of strictly somatic events. In general there is wide variation in Dm 25 patterns among different lines, but a significant number of sites are common to two or more distinct lines. Hybridization to restriction digests of genomic DNA suggests that Dm 25 is a moderately repetitive, conserved sequence whose copies are dispersed throughout the genome. Analysis of species other than melanogaster indicates a significant divergence in structure of sequences homologous to Dm 25 as well as a drastic reduction in amount of homology to the melanogaster sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295007
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