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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antrodia camphorata prevents rat pheochromocytoma cells from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 244 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) is a rare medicinal fungus with antioxidative, vasorelaxtative, anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatitive effects. However, the neuroprotective effect has not been studied. By using serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in neuronal-like PC12 cells as a cell stress model, we found that A. camphorata is effective in preventing serum-deprived apoptosis. Inhibitors of both a serine/threonine kinase and a specific protein kinase A (PKA) inhibited the protective effect of A. camphorata, indicating that A. camphorata prevents serum-deprived PC12 cell apoptosis through a PKA-dependent mechanism. A transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D, and a protein synthesis inhibitor, cyclohexamide, both attenuated the protective effect of A. camphorata, indicating a requirement for gene expression for protection by A. camphorata. On the other hand, A. camphorata also increased phosphorylated CREB, a transcription factor, which is H-89-inhibitable in this study, suggesting the possibility that A. camphorata prevents serum deprivation-induced PC12 cell apoptosis through a PKA/CREB-dependent pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.01.048
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiangiogenic activities of polysaccharides isolated from medicinal fungi (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 249 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Extracted polysaccharides from medicinal fungi, including Antrodia cinnamomea, Antrodia malicola, Antrodia xantha, Antrodiella liebmannii, Agaricus murrill, and Rigidoporus ulmarius, were investigated for their effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tube formation in endothelial cells (ECs). Chemical analysis revealed that myo-inositol, sorbitol, fucose, galactosamine, glucosamine, galactose, glucose, and mannose were the neutral sugars in these polysaccharides. These fungal polysaccharides showed no toxicity to ECs. For the inhibition of endothelial tube formation, extracted polysaccharides from A. xantha and R. ulmarius were shown to produce greater inhibition compared to those from other fungi. Fucose, glucose and mannose were the predominant monosaccharides from these two fungi. These results suggest that monosaccharides may play a role in the inhibitory effect of these fungi on endothelial tube formation. In contrast to the inhibition on tube formation from polysaccharides of A. cinnamomea and A. malicola, polysaccharides from A. xantha and R. ulmarius, with molecular weight between 2693–2876 and 304–325 kDa, were critical for this inhibitory activity. Our results show that polysaccharides isolated from A. xantha and R. ulmarius provide greater antiangiogenesis than those from commercialized A. murrill (Brazilian mushroom) and A. cinnamomea. These studies provide a basis for the potential development of these polysaccharides for antiangiogenesis usage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.06.033
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts from mycelia of Antrodia camphorata cultured with water-soluble fractions from five different Cinnamomum species (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 231 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have previously reported that polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies or cultured mycelia of Antrodia camphorata exhibit an anti-hepatitis B virus effect. In this study, we intended to elucidate the anti-inflammatory potency of six mycelial extracts, namely PDB-ext, CK-ext, CM-ext, CO-ext, CC-ext, and CKO-ext, isolated from mycelia of A. camphorata cultured with six different media including potato dextrose broth (PDB) and five water-soluble fractions from the wood of different Cinnamomum species, i.e. C. kanehirae (CK), C. micranthum (CM), C. osmophloeum (CO), C. camphora (CC), and C. kotoense (CKO), against reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in peripheral human neutrophils (PMN) or mononuclear cells (MNC). ROS produced by PMN or MNC act as inflammatory mediators and also signal immune responses. Pretreatment with these mycelial extracts (1–50 μg ml−1) concentration-dependently diminished fMLP- or PMA-induced ROS production in PMN or MNC, as measured by lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence, with 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) ranging from 2 to 20 μg ml−1. Among these extracts evaluated, CM-ext, CO-ext, or CKO-ext exhibited higher potency than the others. Using high performance liquid chromatography, we identified two lanostane-type compounds, i.e. dehydrosulfurenic acid and 15α-acetyl-dehydrosulfurenic acid, which could be involved in the anti-inflammatory actions of these extracts. The anti-inflammatory actions of these extracts were not due to cytotoxic effects. In summary, these data suggest that extracts from cultured mycelia of A. camphorata display anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production in human leukocytes at a pharmacologically applicable concentration. The biological activities of these extracts were further promoted when the culture medium was replaced with water-soluble fractions isolated from the wood of CM, CO or CKO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00953-4
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antrodia camphorata polysaccharides exhibit anti-hepatitis B virus effects (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 209 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Polysaccharides were extracted from fruiting bodies and cultured mycelia from five Antrodia camphorata strains. Polysaccharide profiles of the five strains, as determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, showed varying yields and composition of neutral sugars. A. camphorata fruiting bodies also had different polysaccharide patterns compared to the cultured mycelium. Analysis of 26-day-old mycelia showed that the neutral sugars galactose, glucose, mannose, and galactosamine were predominant. All mycelia polysaccharide preparations exhibited anti-hepatitis B virus activity. Polysaccharides from strain B86 at a concentration of 50 μg ml−1 showed the highest level of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen effect, which was higher than α-interferon at a dosage of 1000 U ml−1. Only strains B86 and 35398 had substantial anti-hepatitis B e antigen activities. None of the polysaccharides exhibited cytotoxic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11110.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Function of Rieger syndrome gene in left–right asymmetry and craniofacial development (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 401 (1999), S. 276-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Rieger syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder, includes ocular, craniofacial and umbilical abnormalities. The pitx2 homeobox gene, which is mutated in Rieger syndrome, has been proposed to be the effector molecule interpreting left–right axial information from the early embryonic trunk ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/45797
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of indentation cracks in brittle coating/substrate systems (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 3916-3918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The indentation-induced cracks in brittle coating/substrate systems are examined. The crack paths induced by indentation with different applied loads are exploited by a post-bending test. Sandwiched bending bars are designed to conduct this post-bending test. The influence of the mechanical properties of each component and the interface and the thickness of coating on the paths of the indentation cracks are addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344015
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planning The Next Step (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 768 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb12145.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition from Acid Fermentation to Solvent Fermentation in a Continuous Dilution Culture of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 413 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb47925.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Efficient VLSI Architecture for Full-Search Block Matching Algorithms (1997)
    Springer
    The journal of VLSI signal processing systems for signal, image, and video technology 15 (1997), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-109X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a novel memory-based VLSI architecture for full search block matching algorithms. We propose a semi-systolic array to meet the requirements of high computational complexity, where data communications are handled in two styles: (1) global connections for search data and (2) local connections for partial sum. Data flow is handled by a multiple-port memory bank so that all processor elements function on target data items. Thus hardware efficiency achieved can be up to 100%. Both semi-systolic array structure and related memory management strategies for full-search block matching algorithms are highlighted and discussed in detail in the paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007915312120
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotype effects of Brassica napus on its reproductive behavior after pollination with B. juncea (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1993), S. 238-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica napus, B. juncea ; Hybridization ; Genotype ; Fertilization ; Embryo development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the cause of variation in the interspecific crossability of Brassica napus, three different genotypes were studied in respect of their reproductive behavior after pollination with B. juncea. There were great differences among maternal genotypes in allowing foreign pollen to germinate on and penetrate into their stigmas, leading to a wide diversity of interspecific fertilization. The division of the hybrid primary endosperm nucleus and zygote appeared normal in all combinations of crosses. While the abundant free nuclei of the endosperm developed properly and never became cellular, the embryos degenerated as early as 10 days after pollination when the cultivar Rucabo, which had the highest fertilization record with species of B. juncea, was involved. When 81007 was used as female parent, the endosperm grew a little but the embryo halted at the heart-torpedo stage. Lack of nourishment might be responsible for the observed embryo abortion. Among the sic hybrid combinations, the cross 84014A x Changyang hunagjie was the only one where endosperm tissue was observable and an abnormal embryo occurred prior to cellular endosperm formation. Apart from the three typical embryological features, significant variation was also demonstrated among each of the cross combinations. Genetic diversity appears to exist not only between varieties, but also within cultivars. In addition, methods for developing interspecific crossable lines are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223771
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