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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 85 (1981), S. 260 
    ISSN: 0165-1161
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 74 (1980), S. 155 
    ISSN: 0165-1161
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 74 (1980), S. 209 
    ISSN: 0165-1161
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 29 (1975), S. 209-214 
    ISSN: 0027-5107
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 29 (1975), S. 261 
    ISSN: 0027-5107
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 18 (1973), S. 165-170 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 20 männliche NMRI-Mäuse wurden an 5 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen mit je 10 g Natrium-Cyclamat/kg Körpergewicht oral behandelt. Nach der letzten Applikation wurde jedes Männchen mit 3 unbehandelten Weibchen verpaart. Zur fraktionierten Untersuchung der aufeinanderfolgenden Keimzellstadien der Männchen wurden jede Woche 3 neue, unbehandelte Weibchen zu jedem Bock gesetzt und besamen lassen, insgesamt über 10 Wochen. Die insgesamt 600 Weibchen wurden am 14. Tag ihrer Trächtigkeit getötet, und der präimplantative und der postimplantative Verlust als die Kriterien für induzierte Letalmutationen wurden an Hand der Anzahlen der Corpora lutea, der Implantationen und der lebenden und toten Keimlinge ermittlet. Parallel zu der Untersuchung mit Natrium-Cyclamat wurde eine Negativ-Kontrolle mit 20 männlichen und und 600 weiblichen Mäusen durchgeführt. Die Behandlung mit Natrium-Cyclamat schädigte die Männchen nicht und führte nicht zur Beeinträchtigung der Befruchtungsquote. Sie hatte auch keine Erhöhung der präimplantativen und der postimplantativen Verluste zur Folge. Unsere Untersuchungen ergaben somit keinen Anhalt für eine mutagene Wirking von Natrium-Cyclamat bei Mäusen im Sinne einer Induktion dominanter Letalmutationen.
    Notes: Summary Twenty male NMRI mice were treated on 5 successive days with 10 g Sodium Cyclamate per kilogram body weight orally. After the last application each male was mated with three untreated females. In order to investigate successive germ cell stages of the males they were mated with three further untreated females each week for 10 weeks. The 600 females in all were killed on the 14th day of gestation. The pre-implantation and the post-implantation deaths were determined by counting the number of corpora lutea, implantations, and live and dead embryos. A negative control was carried out using 20 male and 600 female mice. The Sodium Cyclamate treatment neither damaged the males nor reduced the fertility index. No increase in pre-and post-implantation loss was observed. Our investigations gave no indication of any mutagenic effect of Sodium Cyclamate in mice by way of induction of dominant lethal mutations.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 19 (1973), S. 193-198 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 20 männliche NMRI-Mäuse erhielten täglich je 5 g Saccharin per os pro Kilogramm Körpergewicht an 5 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen. Nach der letzten Applikation wurde jedes Männchen mit 3 unbehandelten Weibchen gepaart. Zur fraktionierten Untersuchung der aufeinanderfolgenden Keimzellstadien der Männchen wurden jede Woche 3 neue, unbehandelte Weibchen zu jedem Bock gesetzt und besamen lassen, insgesamt über 8 Wochen. Die Uteri der Weibchen wurden am 14. Tag der Trächtigkeit untersucht, und der präimplantative under postimplantative Verlust wurden an Hand der Corpora lutea, der Implantationen und der lebenden und toten Keimlinge ermittelt. Die Behandlung schädigte die Männchen nicht und beeinträchtigte nicht ihre Deckfreudigkeit und Fertilität. Der postimplantative Verlust blieb im Vergleich zu der parallel durchgeführten Kontrolle unbeeinflußt durch die Behandlung mit Saccharin. Der präimplantative Verlust der mit Saccharin behandelten Gruppe lag während aller 8 Versuchswochen im Bereich der Norm des Stammes. Eine in der 3. Paarungswoche nach den Applikationen aufgetretene statistische Signifikanz zwischen den Verlusten der Saccharin-Gruppe und der Kontroll-Gruppe war ohne biologische Relevanz. Unsere Untersuchungen erbrachten keinen Hinweis für eine mutagene Wirkung von Saccharin im Sinne der Induktion dominanter Letalmutationen. Dies steht im Einklang mit cytogenetischen in vitro-Befunden anderer Autoren an menschlichen Leukocyten.
    Notes: Summary Twenty male NMRI mice received 5 g saccharine per kilogram body weight by the oral route daily for 5 successive days. After the last dose each male was mated with 3 untreated females. For fractionated examination with regard to successive germ cell stages, each week 3 other untreated females were placed with each male for mating. The whole mating period was 8 weeks. The uteri of the females were inspected on the 14th day of gestation and pre-implantative and post-implantative loss determined from the numbers of corpora lutea, implantations, live and dead implants. The treatment did not damage the males and did not impair their mating capacity or their fertility. Post-implantative loss remained unaffected by the saccharine treatment compared with parallel controls. Pre-implantative loss persisted in the saccharine-treated group throughout the 8 weeks in the normal range of the strain. A statistically significant difference between saccharine group and control group in the 3rd week of mating after treatment was without biological relevance. Our investigations revealed no indication of a mutagenic action of saccharine in terms of an induction of dominant lethal mutations. This is in keeping with cytogenetic in vitro findings of other authors on human leukocytes.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde untersucht, ob eine mehrwöchige Behandlung männlicher und weiblicher Mäuse mit Saccharin-Natrium, Natrium-Cyclamat oder mit Cyclohexylaminsulfat Fertilitätsstörungen oder dominante Letalmutationen hervorruft. Saccharin-Natrium oder Natrium-Cyclamat wurden den Mäusen vor Beginn der Paarung in einer Konzentration von 1%, Cyclohexylaminsulfat in einer Konzentration von 0,11%, mindestens 10 Wochen lang im Futter verabreicht. Diese Behandlung entsprach im Falle von Saccharin-Natrium und von Natrium-Cyclamat einer Wirkstoffaufnahme von rund 2000 mg/kg/Tag und im Falle von Cyclohexylaminsulfat einer Aufnahme von rund 200 mg/kg/Tag (entspr. ca. 136 mg Cyclohexylamin pro Kilogramm pro Tag). Diese Dosen schädigten weder Weibchen noch Männchen im Aussehen, im Verhalten und in der Gewichtsentwicklung. Sie waren auch mit einer normalen Fertilität der Tiere vereinbar. Die Behandlung führte ferner in keinem Falle zu einer biologisch bedeutsamen Zunahme der prä- und der postimplantativen Verluste. Die Untersuchung im Dominant-Letal-Test ergab daher keinen Hinweis auf eine mutagene Wirkung von Saccharin-Natrium oder von Natrium-Cyclamat (1% im Futter) und von Cyclohexylaminsulfat (0,11% im Futter) bei 10wöchiger Behandlung männlicher und weiblicher Mäuse. Diese Ergebnisse nach langfristiger Behandlung entsprachen allgemein den Befunden von Dominant-Letal-Untersuchungen nach akuter oder subakuter Verabreichung dieser drei Substanzen.
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this investigation was to find out whether long-term treatment of male and female mice with saccharin sodium, sodium cyclamate or cyclohexylamine sulfate, would reduce fertility or induce dominant lethal mutations. Before mating, saccharin sodium or sodium cyclamate were added to the food in a concentration of 1%, while cyclohexylamine sulfate was added in a concentration of 0.11% for at least 10 weeks. This treatment corresponded, in the case of saccharin sodium and sodium cyclamate, to an active substance intake of approx. 2000 mg/kg per day and for cyclohexylamine sulfate to an intake of approx. 200 mg/kg per day (corresponding to approx. 136 mg cyclohexylamine per kilogram per day). These doses affected neither the females nor the males in respect of appearance, behaviour, and weight gain. The doses were also compatible with the normal fertility of the animals. Furthermore, in all cases the treatment did not cause a biologically important increase of pre-implantative and post-implantative losses. The dominant lethal tests did not indicate a mutagenic action of saccharin sodium or sodium cyclamate (1% in the food) and of cyclohexylamine sulfate (0.11% in the food) after 10 weeks' treatment of male and female mice. These results, obtained after long-term treatment, corresponded generally to the findings of dominant lethal examinations after acute and subacute application of these three substances.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Olfactory bulb ; Development ; Cholinergic transmission ; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ; α4 ; 1 Subunit mRNA ; In situ hybridization ; Digoxigenin ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In addition to their role in signal transduction, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been shown in vi-tro to be involved in neuronal growth cone regulation during development. This idea is supported by recent histochemical findings showing that iso- and archicortical nicotinic α4–1 receptor mRNA expression precedes cholinergic fiber ingrowth. To test whether this also holds true for rhinencephalic parts of the telencephalon, we have studied the olfactory bulb by digoxigenin-mediated in situ hybridization, using an α4–1 isoform-specific riboprobe and an alkaline-phosphatase-based detection system. Development is characterized by early intense α4–1 mRNA expression (embryonic day 14), reaching a peak around postnatal day 2 when all olfactory bulb layers are invested with numerous α4–1 transcript-bearing neurons. Subsequently, the density of labeled neurons decreases to reach adult levels (postnatal day 120), where strongly labeled neurons remain in the mitral cell layer, outer external plexiform layer, and glomerular layer. The unifying pattern of iso-, archicortical, and rhinencephalic α4–1 mRNA expression is its early onset, i.e. preceding cholinergic innervation. This points to a possible role of nicotinic receptors regarding neuronal migration in all three regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-12-14
    Description: In the majority of large river systems, flow is regulated and/or otherwise affected by operational and management activities, such as ship locking. The effect of lock operation on sediment-water oxygen fluxes was studied within a 12.9 km long impoundment at the Saar River (Germany) using eddy-correlation flux measurements. The continuous observations cover a time period of nearly 5 days and 39 individual locking events. Ship locking is associated with the generation of surges propagating back and forth through the impoundment which causes strong variations of near-bed current velocity and turbulence. These wave-induced flow variations cause variations in sediment-water oxygen fluxes. While the mean flux during time periods without lock operation was 0.5 ± 0.1 g m−2 d−1, it increased by about a factor of 2 to 1.0 ± 0.5 g m−2 d−1 within time periods with ship locking. Following the daily schedule of lock operations, fluxes are predominantly enhanced during daytime and follow a pronounced diurnal rhythm. The driving force for the increased flux is the enhancement of diffusive transport across the sediment-water interface by bottom-boundary layer turbulence and perhaps resuspension. Additional means by which the oxygen budget of the impoundment is affected by lock-induced flow variations are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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