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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signal transduction in vascular plants (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 12 (1993), S. 179-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We review current evidence for the presence and activity in plants of several paradigmatic components of transmembrane signal transduction systems. Components considered include the second messengers calcium, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and cyclic AMP; protein kinases and protein phosphatases; and G-proteins. At the current stage of development of the field of plant signal transduction, broad similarities between plant and the more well-studied animal systems are apparent. However, there also exist considerable differences in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213036
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of auxin-binding proteins from zucchini plasma membrane (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 189 (1993), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Azido-indole-3-acetic acid ; Cucurbita (auxin-binding protein) ; Plasma membrane ; Protein (auxin-binding)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have previously identified two auxin-binding polypeptides in plasma membrane (PM) preparations from zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) (Hicks et al. 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 4948–4952). These polypeptides have molecular weights of 40 kDa and 42 kDa and label specifically with the photoaffinity auxin analog 5-N3-7-3H-IAA (azido-IAA). Azido-IAA permits both the covalent and radioactive tagging of auxin-binding proteins and has allowed us to characterize further the 40-kDa and 42-kDa polypeptides, including the nature of their attachment to the PM, their relationship to each other, and their potential function. The azido-IAA-labeled polypeptides remain in the pelleted membrane fraction following high-salt and detergent washes, which indicates a tight and possibly integral association with the PM. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of partially purified azido-IAA-labeled protein demonstrates that, in addition to the major isoforms of the 40-kDa and 42-kDa polypeptides, which possess isoelectric points (pIs) of 8.2 and 7.2, respectively, several less abundant isoforms that display unique pIs are apparent at both molecular masses. Tryptic and chymotryptic digestion of the auxin-binding proteins indicates that the 40-kDa and 42-kDa polypeptides are closely related or are modifications of the same polypeptide. Phase extraction with the nonionic detergent Triton X-114 results in partitioning of the azido-IAA-labeled polypeptides into the aqueous (hydrophilic) phase. This apparently paradoxical behavior is also exhibited by certain integral membrane proteins that aggregate to form channels. The results of gel filtration indicate that the auxin-binding proteins do indeed aggregate strongly and that the polypeptides associate to form a dimer or mutimeric complex in vivo. These characteristics are consistent with the hypothesis that the 40-kDa and 42-kDa polypeptides are subunits of a multimeric integral membrane protein which has an auxin-binding site, and which may possess transporter or channel function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201348
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The auxin-resistant diageotropica mutant of tomato responds to gravity via an auxin-mediated pathway (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 210 (2000), S. 906-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Auxin sensitivity – Auxin-transport inhibitors – Gravitropism – Hypocotyl elongation –Lycopersicon (mutant diageotropica) – Mutant (dgt tomato)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  Hypocotyls of the diageotropica (dgt) mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) do not elongate in response to exogenous auxin, but can respond to gravity. This appears paradoxical in light of the Cholodny-Went hypothesis, which states that shoot gravicurvature results from asymmetric stimulation of elongation by auxin. While light-grown dgt seedlings can achieve correct gravitropic reorientation, the response is slow compared to wild-type seedlings. The sensitivity of dgt seedlings to inhibition of gravicurvature by immersion in auxin or auxin-transport inhibitors is similar to that of wild-type plants, indicating that both an auxin gradient and auxin transport are required for the gravitropic response and that auxin uptake, efflux, and at least one auxin receptor are functional in dgt. Furthermore, dgt gravicurvature is the result of asymmetrically increased elongation as would be expected for an auxin-mediated response. Our results suggest differences between elongation in response to exogenous auxin (absent in dgt) and elongation in response to gravistimulation (present but attenuated in dgt) and confirm the presence of two phases during the gravitropic response, both of which are dependent on functional auxin transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050696
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the growth and auxin physiology of roots of the tomato mutant, diageotropica (1995)
    Springer
    Planta 195 (1995), S. 548-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin transport ; Gravity ; Lycopersicon (mutant, auxin transport) ; Mutant (tomato) ; Phytotropin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Roots of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) mutant diageotropica (dgt) exhibit an altered phenotype. These roots are agravitropic and lack lateral roots. Relative to wild-type (VFN8) roots, dgt roots are less sensitive to growth inhibition by exogenously applied IAA and auxin transport inhibitors (phytotropins), and the roots exhibit a reduction in maximal growth inhibition in response to ethylene. However, IAA transport through roots, binding of the phytotropin, tritiated naphthylphthalamic acid ([3H]NPA), to root microsomal membranes, NPA-sensitive IAA uptake by root segments, and uptake of [3H]NPA into root segments are all similar in mutant and wild-type roots. We speculate that the reduced sensitivity of dgt root growth to auxin-transport inhibitors and ethylene is an indirect result of the reduction in sensitivity to auxin in this single gene, recessive mutant. We conclude that dgt roots, like dgt shoots, exhibit abnormalities indicating they have a defect associated with or affecting a primary site of auxin perception or action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195714
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auxin transport in membrane vesicles from Cucurbita pepo L. (1983)
    Springer
    Planta 157 (1983), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin transport ; Chemiosmotic theory ; Cucurbita ; pH gradient and auxin transport ; Plasma membrane ; Symport (IAA-/H+) ; Transport (cellular, auxin) ; Vesicles, sealed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Association of 14C-labelled indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) with membrane particles from zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) hypocotyls — previously described as “site III binding” (M. Jacobs and R. Hertel, 1978, Planta 142, 1–10) — is reinterpreted as a carrier-mediated uptake into closed and sealed vesicles driven by a pH gradient. Accumulation of the radioactive auxin is saturable, sensitive to the protonophore, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP), and to nigericin, and requires a pH gradient across the membranes with proton concentration greater outside than inside. The pH gradient decays within 1–2 h at 4°C and can be restored by re-equilibration of the particle preparation at more alkaline pH followed by return to more acidic medium. Osmotic shock and sonication release the IAA from the vesicles. 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), both inhibitors of auxin transport in vivo, increase the amount of net IAA accumulation in the vesicles, presumably by blocking efflux. Analogs of NPA less active or inactive in vivo are respectively less active or inactive in vitro. It is proposed that these membrane particles are outside-out plasma membrane vesicles, and that they perform the essential functions of auxin transport according to the chemiosmotic theory, with a specific, saturable proton symport uptake and an export anion carrier which is inhibited by NPA and TIBA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405182
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiplex Titration RT-PCR: Rapid Determination of Gene Expression Patterns for a Large Number of Genes (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 323-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Keywords: Aux/IAA genes ; gene expression ; gene families ; RT-PCR ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have developed an improved method for determination of gene expression levels with RT-PCR. The procedure is rapid and does not require extensive optimization or densitometric analysis. Since the detection of individual transcripts is PCR-based, small amounts of tissue samples are sufficient for the analysis of expression patterns in large gene families. Using this method, we were able to rapidly screen nine members of the Aux/IAA family of auxin- responsive genes and identify those genes which vary in message abundance in a tissue- and light-specific manner. While not offering the accuracy of conventional semi-quantitative or competitive RT-PCR, our method allows quick screening of large numbers of genes in a wide range of RNA samples with just a thermal cycler and standard gel analysis equipment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007523305132
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning, expression and N-terminal myristoylation of CpCPK1, a calcium-dependent protein kinase from zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 39 (1999), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: calcium-dependent protein kinase ; membrane association ; myristoylation ; zucchini
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have isolated a full-length cDNA clone (CpCDPK1) encoding a calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) gene from zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.). The predicted amino acid sequence of the cDNA shows a remarkably high degree of similarity to members of the CDPK gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana, especially AtCPK1 and AtCPK2. Northern analysis of steady-state mRNA levels for CpCPK1 in etiolated and light-grown zucchini seedlings shows that the transcript is most abundant in etiolated hypocotyls and overall expression is suppressed by light. As described for other members of the CDPK gene family from different species, the CpCPK1 clone has a putative N- terminal myristoylation sequence. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis and an in vitro coupled transcription/translation system were used to demonstrate that the protein encoded by this cDNA is specifically myristoylated by a plant N-myristoyl transferase. This is the first demonstration of myristoylation of a CDPK protein which may contribute to the mechanism by which this protein is localized to the plasma membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006125918023
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diageotropica mutation alters auxin induction of a subset of the Aux/IAA gene family in tomato (2000)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 44 (2000), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: auxin ; Aux/IAA ; dgt ; gene expression ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The diageotropica (dgt) mutation has been proposed to affect either auxin perception or responsiveness in tomato plants. It has previously been demonstrated that the expression of one member of the Aux/IAA family of auxin-regulated genes is reduced in dgt plants. Here, we report the cloning of ten new members of the tomato Aux/IAA family by PCR amplification based on conserved protein domains. All of the gene family members except one (LeIAA7) are expressed in etiolated tomato seedlings, although they demonstrate tissue specificity (e.g. increased expression in hypocotyls vs. roots) within the seedling. The wild-type auxin-response characteristics of the expression of these tomato LeIAA genes are similar to those previously described for Aux/IAA family members in Arabidopsis. In dgt seedlings, auxin stimulation of gene expression was reduced in only a subset of LeIAA genes (LeIAA5, 8, 10, and 11), with the greatest reduction associated with those genes with the strongest wild-type response to auxin. The remaining LeIAA genes tested exhibited essentially the same induction levels in response to the hormone in both dgt and wild-type hypocotyls. These results confirm that dgt plants can perceive auxin and suggest that a specific step in early auxin signal transduction is disrupted by the dgt mutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006437205596
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  • 9
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    Auxin—cytokinin interactions in higher plants: old problems and new tools (1997)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-01
    Print ISSN: 1360-1385
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-4372
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 10
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    Characterization of organic contaminants in fjords and bays on the Kenai Peninsula Alaska (2019)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-11
    Print ISSN: 0167-6369
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2959
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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