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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using Choice Experiments to Value Non-Market Goods and Services: Evidence from Field Experiments (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Advances in economic analysis & policy 6.2006, 2, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1538-0637
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Critics of stated preference methods argue that hypothetical bias precludes survey techniques from providing reliable economic values for non-market goods and services, rendering estimation of the total economic benefits of public programs fruitless. This paper explores a relatively new methodology to obtain the total value of non-market goods and services--choice experiments--which conveniently provide information on the purchase decision as well as the characteristic value vector. The empirical work revolves around examining behavior in two very different field settings. In the first field study, we explore hypothetical bias in the purchase decision by eliciting contributions for a threshold public good in an actual capital campaign. To extend the analysis a level deeper, in a second field experiment we examine both the purchase decision and the marginal value vector via inspection of consumption decisions in an actual marketplace. In support of the new valuation design, both field experiments provide some evidence that hypothetical choice experiments combined with "cheap talk" can yield credible estimates of the purchase decision. Furthermore, we find no evidence of hypothetical bias when estimating marginal attribute values. Yet, we do find that the "cheap talk" component might induce internal inconsistency of subjects' preferences in the choice experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/advances/vol6/iss2/art2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Unintended Disincentive in the Clean Air Act (2004)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Advances in economic analysis & policy 4.2004, 2, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1538-0637
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Clean Air Act and its subsequent amendments have been lauded as the primary stimulant to the impressive improvement in local air quality in the US since 1970. A key component of these regulations is the New Source Review (NSR) requirement, which includes the contentious stipulation that when an existing plant seeks to modify its operations, the entire plant must comply with current standards for new sources. This requirement was included to improve air quality in dirty areas, and prevent a deterioration of air quality in clean areas. Yet, whether NSR provides the proper plant-level incentives is unclear: there are strong disincentives to undertake major plant modifications to avoid NSR. In our examination of more than 2500 and 2200 plant-level modification decisions and closures, respectively, we find empirical evidence suggesting that NSR retards modification rates, while doing little to hasten the closure of existing dirty plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/advances/vol4/iss2/art2
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field Experiments: A Bridge between Lab and Naturally Occurring Data (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Advances in economic analysis & policy 6.2007, 2, art8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1538-0637
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Laboratory experiments have been used extensively in economics in the past several decades to lend both positive and normative insights into a myriad of important economic issues. This study discusses a related approach that has increasingly grown in prominence of late--field experiments. I argue that field experiments serve as a useful bridge between data generated in the lab and empirical studies using naturally-occurring data. In discussing this relationship, I highlight that field experiments can yield important insights into economic theory and provide useful guidance to policymakers. I also draw attention to an important methodological contribution of field experiments: they provide an empirical account of behavioral principles that are shared across different domains. In this regard, at odds with conventional wisdom, I argue that representativeness of the environment, rather than representative of the sampled population, is the most crucial variable in determining generalizability of results for a large class of experimental laboratory games.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/advances/vol6/iss2/art8
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring the effects of air quality regulations on “dirty” firm births: Evidence from the neo-and mature-regulatory periods (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 79 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. In this article, we use annual (1980–90) county-level manufacturing plant location data for New York State to examine the effects of the 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments on the location decisions of new pollution-intensive manufacturing plants in the “neo-regulatory” (1980–84) and “mature-regulatory” (1985–90) phases of the Act's implementation. Our results suggest that the temporal effects of regulation vary. Whereas the location decisions of pollution intensive manufacturing firms were unaffected by the Act's regulatory restrictions in the “neo-regulatory” period, the restrictions appear to have had a significant negative impact on the location decisions of these types of firms in the Act's “mature-regulatory” phase. The diversion of new pollution intensive plants to counties with less stringent environmental regulations suggests that current US environmental regulations may be leading to a “browning process” whereby counties historically free of pollution become havens for polluters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.2000.tb00767.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    When Economists Dream, They Dream of Clear Skies (2005)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Economists' voice 2.2005, 2, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-3832
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Clear Skies is an economist's approach to pollution reduction. We heartily endorse its core approach, while recommending surgery for a few minor blemishes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ev/vol2/iss2/art7
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental Regulations and New Plant Location Decisions: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis (2002)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Stricter environmental regulations are often opposed on the grounds that they will alter equilibrium capital flows. Empirical evidence in this area remains largely unresolved, mainly due to the quite disparate results found in the literature. This paper takes a positive look at the relationship between new manufacturing plant location decisions and environmental regulations by examining data from 11 studies that provide more than 365 observations. One major result from our meta-analysis is that methodological considerations play a critical role in shaping the body of received estimates. Our empirical estimates also lend insights into future research that is necessary before any robust conclusions can be made regarding the effects of environmental regulations on capital flows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9787.00248
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory Federalism and Environmental Protection in the United States (2000)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Journal of regional science 40 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: In this paper we address two aspects of regulatory federalism in U.S. environmental policy. First, we suggest that environmental quality in U.S. states responds positively to increases in income. Second, we provide evidence that environmental quality did not decline when President Reagan's policy of new federalism returned responsibility for many environmental regulations to the states. Thus, state environmental quality appears to reflect more than just the dictates of federal policy. Additionally, we find that a “race to the bottom” in environmental quality did not materialize in the 1980s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-4146.00183
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ranking State Environmental Outputs: Evidence from Panel Data (2000)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers, Inc.
    Growth and change 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper uses state-level pollution data from 1986–1997 to construct two indices that rank U.S. states according to environmental outputs. A major finding is that marginal performers in other indices, such as Wyoming, garner top spots in these ranking systems. The paper also presents findings from fixed and random effects models of panel data that imply state income levels are positively associated with environmental outputs after a threshold level of income is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00117
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning to Accept in Ultimatum Games: Evidence from an Experimental Design that Generates Low Offers (2000)
    Springer
    Experimental economics 3 (2000), S. 11-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6938
    Keywords: bargaining games ; responder behavior ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Focusing on responder behavior, we report panel data findings from both low and high stakes ultimatum bargaining games. Whereas Slonim and Roth (1998) find that offers are rejected fairly equally across rounds in both low and high stakes games, we find that learning does take place, but only when there is sufficient money on the table. The disparate results can be reconciled when one considers the added power that our experimental design provides-detecting subtle temporal differences in responder behavior requires a data generation process that induces a significant number of proportionally low offers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009989907258
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring the effects of air quality regulations on “dirty” firm births: Evidence from the neo- and mature-regulatory periods (2000)
    Springer
    Papers in regional science 79 (2000), S. 177-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Keywords: JEL classification: Q28, R38, R30 ; Key words:Firm location, environmental regulations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. In this article, we use annual (1980–90) county-level manufacturing plant location data for New York State to examine the effects of the 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments on the location decisions of new pollution-intensive manufacturing plants in the “:neo-regulatory” (1980-84) and “mature-regulatory” (1985–90) phases of the Act's implementation. Our results suggest that the temporal effects of regulation vary. Whereas the location decisions of pollution intensive manufacturing firms were unaffected by the Act's regulatory restrictions in the “neo-regulatory” period, the restrictions appear to have had a significant negative impact on the location decisions of these types of firms in the Act's “mature-regulatory” phase. The diversion of new pollution intensive plants to counties with less stringent environmental regulations suggests that current US environmental regulations may be leading to a “browning process” whereby counties historically free of pollution become havens for polluters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101100050042
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