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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 27 (1988), S. 217-221 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Highly repetitive DNA ; Whales ; Repeated motifs of telomeric DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three non-cross-hybridizing highly repetitive DNA components were studied in six whalebone and two toothed whale species. In one of the components, composition and repeat lengths have been preserved through the evolution of all cetaceans. Another component, primarily a whalebone whale characteristic, also has slow evolution. In the family Balaenopteridae the length of the repeat is about 420 bp. The component occurs in terminal chromosome positions. About half the component is composed of subrepeats having the motif TTAGGG, the same as has been described by other workers in the telomeres ofTrypanosoma brucei. Among the whalebone whales the third highly repetitive component was found only in the family Balaenopteridae. It is conceivably younger than the other two components. No common monomeric unit was identified, and the hybridization patterns were species specific, indicating that it evolves considerably faster than the other two components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 320 (1979), S. 239-259 
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 24 (1976), S. 637-651 
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 24 (1976), S. 637-651 
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behavioral Biology 17 (1976), S. 417-423 
    ISSN: 0091-6773
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behavioral Biology 17 (1976), S. 231-235 
    ISSN: 0091-6773
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Animal Ethology 4 (1978), S. 223-233 
    ISSN: 0304-3762
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Although much is known about the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, regional studies have been unable to answer several questions that are central to the conservation and management of this endangered species. To resolve uncertainties about population size, as well as the spatial and genetic structure of the humpback whale population in the North Atlantic, we conducted a two-year ocean-basin-wide photographic and biopsy study in 1992-1993. Photographic and skin-biopsy sampling was conducted of animals in feeding and breeding areas throughout most of the range of this species in the North Atlantic, from the West Indies breeding grounds through all known feeding areas as far north as arctic Norway. A standardized sampling protocol was designed to maximize sample sizes while attempting to ensure equal probability of sampling, so that estimates of abundance would be as accurate and as precise as possible. During 666 d at sea aboard 28 vessels, 4,207 tail fluke photographs and 2,326 skin biopsies were collected. Molecular analyses of all biopsies included determination of sex, genotype using six microsatellite loci, and mitochondrial control region sequence. The photographs and microsatellite loci were used to identify 2,998 and 2,015 individual whales, respectively.Previously published results from this study have addressed spatial distribution, migration, and genetic relationships. Here, we present new estimates of total abundance in this ocean using photographic data, as well as overall and sex-specific estimates using biopsy data. We identify several potential sampling biases using only breeding-area samples and report a consistent mark-recapture estimate of oceanwide abundance derived from photographic identification, using both breeding and feeding-area data, of 10,600 (95% confidence interval 9,300-12,100). We also report a comparable, but less precise, biopsy-based estimate of 10,400 (95% confidence interval of 8,000-13,600). These estimates are significantly larger and more precise than estimates made for the 1980s, potentially reflecting population growth. In contrast, significantly lower and less consistent estimates were obtained using between-feeding-area or between-breeding-area sampling. Reasons for the lower estimates using the results of sampling in the same areas in subsequent years are discussed. Overall, the results of this ocean-basin-wide study demonstrate that an oceanwide approach to population assessment of baleen whales is practicable and results in a more comprehensive understanding of population abundance and biology than can be gained from smaller-scale efforts.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (∑PCB), DDT isomers (∑DDT), chlordanes (∑CHLOR), toxaphene, chlorobenzenes and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers and seven elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn) were determined in tissues of 41 stranded pilot whales (Globicephala melaena) and 27 ice-entrapped white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) from Newfoundland, Canada. Cadmium, Hg, As and Se were significantly higher in pilot whale kidney and liver than in dolphin tissues. Mercury in liver and blubber, and Cd in kidney, of pilot whales were positively correlated with age. Cadmium levels in both species were much higher than reported for other cetaceans from Canadian east coast waters. Lead concentrations in dolphin kidney and mucles were 5 times higher than in pilot whales. Levels of ∑PCB (sum of 49 congeners) in blubber samples ranged from 31 to 61 mg/kg (lipid wt) in female and male dolphins, respectively, and from 5.6 to 12 mg/kg in female and male pilot whales. ∑DDT and toxaphene were present at similar levels to ∑PCB while mean ∑CHLOR (sum of seven components) ranged from 1.6 to 17 mg/kg in blubber of pilot whales and dolphins, respectively. The presence of high levels of toxaphene in the blubber of both species was unexpected and may be due to increased use of this pesticide during the 1970's. Higher levels of all organochlorine chemicals in blubber, as well as Pb in kidney and muscle, of dolphins than in pilot whales may reflect greater exposure to contaminants because of overwintering and feeding in Gulf of St. Lawrence waters.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 3 (1960), S. 267-282 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Laborzucht von Aedes togoi wurde erfolgreich eingerichtet und die Kulturtechnik beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse der vorläufigen Beobachtungen über ihre Biologie werden ebenfalls mitgeteilt. Die Kulturtechnik unterscheidet sich nicht sehr von den gewöhnlich für Aedes aegypti angewandten. Jedoch wurde die Dauer eines Generationszyklus viel länger als die von Aedes aegypti befunden. Bei einem Teil der Weibchenpopulation konnte Autogenie beobachtet werden. Kopulationen wurden nicht in allen benutzten Käfigtypen durch Augenbeobachtung festgestellt, durch Sektion der Weibchen jedoch in allen Käfigformen bis zu den kleinsten von 19×19×19 cm nachgewiesen. Unbegattete Weibchen legen nachweislich ebenso gleichmä£ig Eier ab wie begattete, aber die produzierten Eier waren alle steril. Die von befruchteten autogenen Weibchen abgelegten Eier waren lebensfähig und entwickelten sich zu normalen Imagines. Erwachsene Weibchen, denen 2-und 5%ige Salzlösungen, 16%ige Zuckerlösung und frisches Leitungswasser geboten wurden, vermieden Eiablagen in die Gläser mit Salzlösungen, obwohl die Larven der Stammzucht in brackigen Felsentümpeln lebend gefunden wurden. In Hongkong wurden die Larven dieser Art in Gewässern mit einer Salinität von 0,046 bis 1,85% Chlor gefunden, annähernd dem höchsten Prozentgehalt in Seewasser. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung ertrugen die Larven Salzlösungen bis zu 5% und die Eier entwickelten sich ganz normal zu Erwachsenen in Salzlösungen von 1, 2, 3, 4 und 5%. Die Entwicklung wurde in höheren Konzentrationen nur schwach verzögert befunden. Es bestanden keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Sterblichkeitsraten bei verschiedenen Konzentrationen, nur in der höchsten Konzentration (5% Salzlösung) zeigte sich eine höhere Mortalität. Die Empfindlichkeit von Aedes togoi und zwei Stämmen von Aedes aegypti wurde mit den W.H.O.-Prüfwannen gemessen. Die Imagines wurden mit DDT und die Larven mit DDT, Dieldrin und gamma-BHC geprüft. Der vorliegende Stamm von Aedes togoi entstammte einem Gebiet, das von überständigem Antimalaria-DDT-Gebäudesprückstand bedeckt war; so konnte die Möglichkeit einer Resistenzentwicklung bei diesen Mücken erwartet werden. Unglücklicherweise ist kein Stamm von Aedes togoi verfügbar von Orten, die von DDT-Begiftung frei sind; deshalb kann seine mögliche Resistenz genen DDT nicht abgeschätzt werden. Jedoch erwies er sich als ebenso empfindlich wie normale Stämme von Aedes aegypti aus dem südlichen Taiwan und Pescadores. Die männlichen Imagines von Aedes togoi sind viel stärker DDT-empfindlich als die Weibchen und beide Geschlechter normaler Stämme von Aedes aegypti. Im Larvalstadium ist Aedes togoi viel toleranter gegen DDT als normale Stämme von Aedes aegypti. Die Resulte sind in 12 Tabellen und in den Figuren 1 und 2 aufgeführt.
    Notes: Abstract The literature on Aedes togoi is reviewed. This oriental mosquito occasionally acts as a vector for filarial or virus diseases and is sometimes a nuisance from its bites. Eggs from Taiwan (Formosa) were brought to London in 1958. A laboratory colony was reared from these eggs and maintained by methods similar to those commonly used for Aedes aegypti. Various aspects of the bionomics were studied, including the lengths of stages, mortality during development and the effects of copulation, feeding and salt content of water on oviposition. The levels of susceptibility to DDT, BHC and dieldrin were measured by the World Health Organisation (W.H.O.) method and compared with those of colonies of A. aegypti originating in Taiwan and the Pescadores.
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