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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freezing and Injury in Plants (1976)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 27 (1976), S. 507-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.27.060176.002451
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations of gene expression in potato (Solanum commersonii) during cold acclimation (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 78 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plantlets of Solanum commersonii stem-culture were acclimated at 5°C day/night temperature for 14 days. Cold hardiness increased from – 3.5°C to – 8.6°C. During the course of acclimation, the synthesis of polypeptides was investigated and poly (A+) RNA was isolated. Translation products of poly(A+) RNA in a rabbit rcticulocyte lysate system were then analyzed. During the 14 days of acclimation, 23 cold-induced polypeptides were identified. Most of them disappeared following 1 day of de-acclimation at a 20/15°C day/night regime. The synthesis of one group of polypeptides is prominent and stable throughout the acclimation period. The other group is transient. The most prominent and stable polypeptides have molecular weights of 21, 22, 31 and 83 kDa.Acclimation alters translatable mRNA population during the development of cold hardiness. Two mRNAs encoding in vitro translation products at 26 and 27 kDa were identified during the course of acclimation. These proteins may play important roles in the overall programming for the development of cold hardiness in tuber-bearing S. commersonii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05239.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large Amounts of Ribosomal RNA in Colchicine-induced Tetraploids of Solanum tuberosum L. (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 214 (1967), S. 86-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RNA and DNA were extracted by homogenizing 10 g of new fully expanded leaves in a solution containing 50 ml. of 0-01 molar iris -hydrochloric acid, p¥L 7-6, 0-06 molar potassium chloride and 0-01 molar magnesium chloride; 2 ml. of 11 per cent sodium lauryl sulphate; 2 ml. of bentonite and 50 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/214086a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Postulated Relationships among Autumn Phenomena in Woody Plants (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 208 (1965), S. 89-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It has also been found6 that there is a shift in wheat caryopses from the cytochrome oxidase system to the ascorbic acid oxidase system after cold treatment. An increase in glutathione oxidizing activity, along with an apparent rise in ascorbic acid oxidizing activity, was observed in cold ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/208089a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane stabilization by abscisic acid under cold aids proline in alleviating chilling injury in maize (Zea mays L.) cultured cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Previous studies of maize suspension-cultured cells showed that abscisic acid (ABA) treatment at warm temperatures improved the tolerance of cells to subsequent chilling. In the present study, it is shown that both ABA-treated and untreated maize cells accumulated proline in response to chilling. However, ABA-treated cells displayed less lipid peroxidation during chilling, and thus, unlike untreated cells, were able to retain the accumulated proline intracellularly. Proline application experiments indicate that an intracellular proline level higher than 2 µmole (g FW)−1 prior to chilling was needed to meaningfully reduce chilling-enhanced lipid peroxidation and significantly improve chilling tolerance. The results suggest that total proline accumulation in ABA-treated as well as untreated cells during chilling was enough to potentially improve chilling tolerance, but proline leakage rendered the control cells unable to benefit from the endogenous synthesis of proline in relation to the alleviation of chilling injury. Proline participated in chilling tolerance improvement in ABA-treated maize cells, as evidenced by: (1) the inhibition of proline accumulation by l-methionine-d, l-sulphoximine (MSO), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, reduced ABA-improved chilling tolerance, and (2) the addition of glutamine into the medium prevented the MSO-induced reduction in chilling tolerance. The revised relationship between proline accumulation and membrane stability at cold is discussed in the light of these current findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00874.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycinebetaine increases chilling tolerance and reduces chilling-induced lipid peroxidation in Zea mays L. (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chilling tolerance was increased in suspension-cultured cells and seedlings of maize (Zea mays L. cv ‘Black Mexican Sweet’) grown in media containing glycinebetaine (GB). A triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction test indicated that after a 7 d chilling period at 4 °C, cells treated with 1 mm GB at 26 °C for 1 d had a survival rate (30%) that was twice as high as that of untreated controls. The addition of 2·5 m M GB to the culture medium resulted in maximum chilling tolerance (40%). The results of a cell regrowth assay were consistent with viability determined by the TTC method. In suspension-cultured cells supplemented with various concentrations of GB, accumulation of GB in the cells was proportional to the GB concentration in the medium and was saturated at a concentration of 240 μmol (g DW)−1. The degree of increased chilling tolerance was positively correlated with the level of GB accumulated in the cells. The increased chilling tolerance was time-dependent; i.e. it was first observed 3 h after treatment and reached a plateau after 14 h. Feeding seedlings with 2·5 m M GB through the roots also improved their chilling tolerance, as evidenced by the prevention of chlorosis after chilling for 3 d at 4 °C/2 °C. Lipid peroxidation, as expressed by the production of malondialdehyde, was significantly reduced in GB-treated cells compared with the untreated controls during chilling. These results suggest that increased chilling tolerance may be due, in part, to the reduction of lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes in the presence of GB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00570.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depolymerization of cortical microtubules is not a primary cause of chilling injury in corn (Zea mays L. cv Black Mexican Sweet) suspension culture cells (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cold-induced depolymerization of cortical microtubules were examined in suspension culture cells of corn (Zea mays L. cv Black Mexican Sweet) at various stages of chilling. In an attempt to determine whether microtubule depolymerization contributes to chilling injury, experiments were carried out with and without abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment, since ABA reduces the severity of chilling injury in these cells. Microtubule depolymerization was detectable after 1 h at 4°C and became more extensive as the chilling was prolonged. There was little chilling injury after 1 d at 4°C in either ABA-treated or non-ABA-treated cells. After 3 d at 4°C, there was about 26% injury for ABA-treated and 40% injury for non-ABA-treated cells, as evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride reduction and by regrowth. After 1d at 4°C, less than 10% of cells retained full arrays of microtubules in both ABA-treated and non-ABA-treated cells, the remainder having either partial arrays or no microtubules. After 3d at 4°C, about 90% of cells showed complete or almost complete depolymerization of microtubules in both ABA-treated and non-ABA-treated cells. ABA did not stabilize the cortical microtubules against cold-induced depolymerization. In about 66% of ABA-treated cells and 57% of non-ABA-treated cells that had been held at 4°C for 3d, repolymerization of cortical microtubules occurred after 3h at 28°C. These results argue against the hypothesis that depolymerization of cortical microtubules is a primary cause of chilling injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb00978.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of Solanum tuberosum suspension cultures to –14°C: The mode of action of proline (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 52 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Normally suspension cultures of potato, Solanum tuberosum, can survive only to a freezing temperature of –2°C. The treated cultures were able to survive at much lower freezing temperature after the addition of l-proline of 0.43 M or more to the suspension medium and treatment for 1.5 h. Cultures could survive to -14°C with 0.87 M proline treatment. Treatments with higher concentration than 0.87 M resulted in no additional freezing survival. Microscopical observations of the treated cultures before freezing showed that proline induced plasmolysis, which was initiated at the 0.43 M level and reached maximum at 0.87 M. The mode of action of proline, appears to be due to the removal of excessive intracellular water by the osmotic gradient. Sucrose at about the same concentration acted in the same way as proline. The cryoprotective role of proline and sucrose is discussed in relation to the action of the permeant dimethylsulfoxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb02715.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in protein synthesis and translatable messenger RNA populations associated with ABA-induced cold hardiness in potato (Solatium commersonii) (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 81 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plantlets of Solanum commersonii Dun, PI 458317 stem-culture were treated with abscisic acid (ABA) (3.78 to 113.5 μM) at a 20°/15°C day/night temperature regime for 14 days. Cold hardiness increased from—3.3°C to—8.4°C (killing temperature) after 7 days of ABA treatment and remained at this level thereafter. During the course of treatment (14 days), the synthesis of polypeptides was investigated and poly(A+)-RNA was isolated. Translation products of poly(A+)-RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system were then analyzed by 2-D polyacrylamide gel electropho-resis. During the 14 days of ABA treatment, 30 ABA-induced polypeptides were identified. The synthesis of one group of polypeptides was stable and prominent throughout the treatment period. The other group was transient. The most prominent and stable polypeptides had molecular weights of 21 (pi 6.0, 6.3), 22 (pI 6.0, 6.3), 31 (pi 4.5) and 83 (pi 5.4, 5.5, 5.6) ItDa. About one-third of the new polypeptides appeared after cold hardiness reached a maximum (after 7 days of ABA treatments.ABA treatment alters translatable mRNA populations during the development of cold hardiness. Several mRNAs, encoding in vitro translation products at 26 (pi 6.0, 6.3, 6.4), and 27 (pi 6.0, 6.3, 6.4), 40 (pi 6.4) and 50 (pi 4.5) kDa were identified during course of the ABA treatment. These proteins may play important roles for the development of cold hardiness in tuber-bearing S. commersonii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb08743.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of cell wall in freezing tolerance of cultured potato cells and their protoplasts (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 58 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cultured potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Red Pontiac) cells suspended in PEG 1000 solutions of 0.6 and O.S osmol exhibited significantly different freezing tolerance from the same cells when suspended in PEG 6000 solutions of the same osmolalities. Cells suspended in PEG 6000 showed cytorhysis instead of plasmolysis. Cells in 0.2 and 0.4 osmol PEG 1000 had LT50(1 of −2.5°C, but the LT50 decreased to −7.50C as the osmolality increased to 0.8 osmol. In PEG 6000 the LT50 remained at −2.50C for all osmolalities used, up to and including 0.8 osmol.Released protoplasts suspended in 0.5 M sucrose had LT50 of −21.5°C, compared to −12°C for whole cells suspended in the same medium. These results lend credence to an involvement of the cell wall in freezing injury of cultured potato cells, and are interpreted in terms of the generation of a mechanical stress between cell wall and plasma membrane during the freeze-thaw cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb05738.x
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