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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 4337-4338 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The adhesive force (AF) and the electron work function (EWF) of different crystallographic planes of Cu were determined, with the aim of exploring the potential application of the Kelvin method in characterizing the adhesion of solid surfaces especially those in nano/microdevices. It was demonstrated that there was a close correlation between the EWF and AF, and both the parameters were dependent on the surface atomic arrangement. This study indicates that the EWF is a parameter that could be used to characterize the adhesion behavior of a surface. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of network and systems management 7 (1999), S. 199-223 
    ISSN: 1573-7705
    Keywords: SURVIVABLE NETWORKS ; MESH NETWORKS ; FORCER CONCEPT ; EXPRESS ROUTES ; NODAL BYPASS ; OPTIMIZATION
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract To date, mesh network design theory has beendeveloped for the case where working and protectioncapacity is terminated at every node. It is recognizedthat express routes, which bypass some nodes en-route, would decrease the total DCS port costs but ithas been unclear how to incorporate bypass planning inthe optimal spare capacity design for a mesh-restorablenetwork. An important issue is whether the introduction of nodal bypass will increase the total sparecapacity needed for restorability, due to a reduction ofrestoration re-routing flexibility. To address thesequestions, we introduce the forcer concept for analysis of the relationship between workingand spare capacity in a mesh-restorable network. Weapply the forcer concept to show theoretically whybypass in fact need never require an increase in sparing and may actually permit a decrease in somecases. In tests to validate and exploit these findings,an average reduction of 12% in total spare capacity and16% in DCS port count totals were obtainedsimultaneously with an Integer Programming optimization. Thesesavings are relative to an already optimized fullyterminated network design. The work thus contributes togreater theoretical understanding and designcost-effectiveness for mesh-based restorable networks.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 429-432 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The texture of copper deposits produced in the bath containing potassium chloride changes with the content of the potassium chloride. This change in texture was usually explained to be caused by chloride adsorption on the cathode. This paper reports simulation studies on textural evolution in copper electrodeposits under the influence of potassium chloride, using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. The study was conducted based on the assumption that the textural development results from the minimization of the system free energy in which the surface-energy anisotropy plays the most important role. The simulation demonstrates that adsorbed potassium ions may change the surface-energy anisotropy of copper, and therefore, they also affect texture variation in copper deposits in addition to the chloride effect. It was observed the potassium effect on textural variation in copper deposits is even stronger than that of the Cl- adsorption.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Textural evolution in electrodeposits is strongly affected by foreign species in the electrolyte and also by the co-deposition of hydrogen. The effects of foreign species on textural development in electrodeposits were studied by employing a Monte Carlo model. This model is based on physical principles and incorporates parameters which are used to control electrodeposition processes. An attempt was made in the simulation to reflect the basic process of the deposit growth, and to identify the factors responsible for the texture formation and its variation with the deposition condition. It is assumed that the texture of the deposit results from the minimization of the free energy of the system. Based on this assumption, it was demonstrated that the surface-energy anisotropy played an important role in the formation of fibre texture. In particular, the model can be used to simulate textural evolution under the influence of adsorbed foreign species, because the surface-energy anisotropy is modified by the adsorbed foreign species. Part I of the paper presents results of our studies on iron electrodeposition with the emphasis on the effect of hydrogen adsorption on iron deposit texture. Relevant experimental results have also been presented to corroborate the simulation study. Part II of the paper presents simulation studies of textural evolution in copper deposits under the influence of adsorbed potassium and chloride ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 5554-5559 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The texture of electrodeposited iron foil has been measured. It was observed that the deposited iron foil had a {110} 〈uvw〉 type texture. If a sufficiently strong magnetic field was applied along the deposited layer during the deposition process, a {110} 〈001〉 texture developed from the initial {110} 〈uvw〉 texture, with the 〈001〉 axis parallel to the direction of the applied field. An attempt has been made to explain the mechanism of texture development, as well as the effect of the magnetic field during the deposition process.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 633-641 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Effects of oxygen active elements, yttrium and cerium, as additives in commercial lubricants on corrosive wear were investigated. Sliding wear losses of stainless steel 304 and Al alloy 6061 lubricated by oil and thin grease respectively with and without yttrium or cerium additive in a corrosive environment were determined. Dilute H2SO4 solution (10% H2SO4) was used as the corrosive medium and added to the lubricants for the corrosive wear test. The wear test was performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer with the capability of measuring wear in lubricant. The disc was coiled with a copper tube, through which cooling water could pass, so that the wear losses respectively under cooling condition and non-cooling condition could be determined. The results showed that wear losses of the tested materials caused by synergistic attack of wear and corrosion can be effectively reduced by adding small amounts of yttrium or cerium to the lubricant. In addition, the effect of the additives was found more distinctive under the non-cooling condition. Worn surfaces were examined using SEM to clarify the wear mode and thus the wear mechanism.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (1992), S. 510-511 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 13 (1994), S. 1521-1523 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 13 (1994), S. 1354-1356 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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