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  • 1
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 68, pp. 141-151, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: "Polarforschung" , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 30-42 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: With a size of 372 kDa, the F1 ATPase particle is the largest asymmetric structure solved to date. lsomorphous differences arising from reacting the crystals with methyl-mercury nitrate at two concentrations allowed the structure determination. Careful data collection and data processing were essential in this process as well as a new form of electron-density modification, `solvent flipping'. The most important feature of this new procedure is that the electron density in the solvent region is inverted rather than set to a constant value, as in conventional solvent flattening. All non-standard techniques and variations on new techniques which were employed in the structure determination are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 1696-1702 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Diffraction intensities can be evaluated by two distinct procedures: summation integration and profile fitting. Equations are derived for evaluating the intensities and their standard errors for both cases, based on Poisson statistics. These equations highlight the importance of the contribution of the X-ray background to the standard error and give an estimate of the improvement which can be achieved by profile fitting. Profile fitting offers additional advantages in allowing estimation of saturated reflections and in dealing with incompletely resolved diffraction spots.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 557-560 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Hepatitis B virus causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer and is a major cause of death, particularly in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The virus consists of an inner core or nucleocapsid, which encloses the viral nucleic acid, with an outer lipid envelope containing surface-antigen proteins. The core protein, when expressed in E. coli, assembles into spherical shells containing 180 or 240 subunits, arranged with T = 3 or T = 4 icosahedral symmetry. The C-terminal region of the protein is involved in nucleic acid binding, and deletion of this region does not prevent capsid formation. C-terminally deleted hepatitis B core shells containing 240 subunits have been crystallized and data has been collected to 3.6 Å resolution from frozen crystals, using butanediol as a cryoprotectant. The crystals have C2 symmetry, with unit-cell parameters a = 538.0, b = 353.0, c = 369.6 Å, β = 132.3°.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 40 (1984), S. 451-459 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method is described to apply molecular symmetry constraints to the crystallographic refinement of a macromolecule at low resolution using the constrained-restrained parameter structure-factor least-squares refinement program CORELS [Sussman, Holbrook, Church & Kim (1977). Acta Cryst. A33, 800-804]. The parameter shifts calculated by CORELS are adjusted to ensure that the refined structure possesses exactly the desired molecular symmetry. This procedure has been used to refine the structure of apo-D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehyodrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus at 4 Å resolution, imposing 222 molecular symmetry. The starting model was the partially refined structure of the holoenzyme at 2.7 A resolution. The possible advantages of using CORELS refinement when dealing with more general problems involving two distinct molecular conformations which are related by simple rigid-body domain movements are also considered.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 43 (1987), S. 134-136 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method is described to determine the molecular envelope from an isomorphous replacement phased electron density map using the reciprocal-space equivalent of B. C. Wang's algorithm [Wang (1985). In Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 115: Diffraction Methods for Biological Macromolecules, edited by H. Wyckoff, C. H. W. Hirs & S. N. Timasheff. New York: Academic Press.]. In the case of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase the computation time was reduced from 35 h (using the real-space algorithm) to 40 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 20 (1991), S. 363-386 
    ISSN: 0084-6589
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 2 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A major system of steep Caledonian shear zones, of regional extent, has been identified in NE Scotland. The shear zones affect a wide range of lithologies, including Argyll and Southern Highland Group Dalradian, ‘Younger Basic’intrusives and their hornfelses, and also the earlier of the more acid intrusions. The observed fabrics and parageneses are consistent with low-pressure amphibolite facies metamorphism. These shear zones represent a phase of movement which occurred in the 490-465 Ma interval when ambient temperatures were still high, and it is concluded that this is the principal control on the metamorphic grade achieved within the shear zones, although local anomalies may exist.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 304-305 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A strategy is described for the collection of isomorphous derivative data using the oscillation method. An example of this procedure is given using the uranyl derivative of southern bean mosaic virus. The method is based on rapid collection and processing of an initial low-resolution (large oscillation angle) data set which is used to characterize the derivative before proceeding to high-resolution (small oscillation angle) photography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 570-581 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: When collecting data using oscillation photography, it is necessary to distinguish between those reflections which have passed completely through the Ewald sphere (`full reflections') and those whose penetration is incomplete (`partial reflections'). Such differentiation requires an accurate knowledge of crystal setting parameters. This is particularly necessary if partial reflections are to be used when adjacent films do not originate from the same crystal. In general this is the case where diffracted intensities are weak, as in crystals of oligomeric proteins and viruses. Estimates of setting parameters can be obtained by comparing a partial reflection on one film with a full observation of the same reflection on the same or another film [Schutt, C. E. & Winkler, F. K. (1977). The Rotation Method in Crystallography, edited by U. W. Arndt & A. J. Wonacott, pp. 173–186. Amsterdam: North-Holland]. A measure of the observed degree of partiality, pobs, can thus be made and related to the calculated value, pcalc, derived from the crystal setting parameters. Least-squares minimization of E = Σω(pobs − pcalc)2 leads to the refinement of (1) the orientation of each crystal, (2) the crystal cell dimensions and (3) each crystal's effective mosaic spread. Examples of this technique are provided from the processing of high-resolution southern bean mosaic virus data.
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