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  • 1
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    Dynamics and variability of POC burial in depocenters of the North Sea (Skagerrak), Cruise No. AL561, 2.08.2021 – 13.08.2021, Kiel – Kiel, APOC (2021)
    GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
    In:  Alkor-Berichte, AL561 . GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 34 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-23
    Description: The AL561 cruise was conducted in the framework of the project APOC (“Anthropogenic impacts on Particulate Organic Carbon cycling in the North Sea”). This collaborative project between GEOMAR, AWI, HEREON, UHH, and BUND is to understand how particulate organic carbon (POC) cycling contributes to carbon sequestration in the North Sea and how this ecosystem service is compromised and interlinked with global change and a range of human pressures include fisheries (pelagic fisheries, bottom trawling), resource extraction (sand mining), sediment management (dredging and disposal of dredged sediments) and eutrophication. The main aim of the sampling activity during AL561 cruise was to recover undisturbed sediment from high accumulation sites in the Skagerrak/Kattegat and to subsample sediment/porewater at high resolution in order to investigate sedimentation transport processes, origin of sediment/POC and mineralization processes over the last 100- 200 years. Moreover, the actual processes of sedimentation and POC degradation in the water column and benthic layer will be addressed by sampling with CTD and Lander devices. In total 9 hydroacoustic surveys (59 profiles), 4 Gravity Corer, 7 Multicorer, 3 Lander and 4 CTD stations were successfully conducted during the AL561 cruise.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Determination and quantification of sedimentary processes in salt marshes using end‐member modelling of grain‐size data (2023)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: End-member modelling of bulk grain-size distributions allows the unravelling of natural and anthropogenic depositional processes in salt marshes and quantification of their respective contribution to marsh accretion. The sedimentology of two marshes is presented: (1) a sheltered back-barrier marsh; and (2) an exposed, reinstated foreland marsh. Sedimentological data are supplemented by an age model based on lead-210 decay and caesium-137, as well as geochemical data. End-member modelling of grain-size data shows that marsh growth in back-barrier settings is primarily controlled by the settling of fines from suspension during marsh inundation. In addition, nearby active dunes deliver aeolian sediment (up to 77% of the total sediment accretion), potentially enhancing the capability of salt marshes to adapt to sea-level rise. Growth of exposed marshes, by contrast, primarily results from high-energy inundation and is attributed to two sediment-transport processes. On the seaward edge of the marsh, sedimentation is dominated by coarser-grained traction load, whereas further inland, settling of fine-grained suspension load prevails. In addition, a third, coarse-grained sediment sub-population is interpreted to derive from anthropogenic land-reclamation measures, that is material from drainage channels relocated onto the marsh surface. This process contributed up to 34% to the total marsh accretion and terminated synchronously with the end of land reclamation measures. Data suggest that natural sediment supply to marshes alone is sufficient to outpace contemporary sea-level rise in the study area. This underlines the resilience potential of salt marshes in times of rising sea levels. The comparison of grain-size sub-populations with observed climate variability implies that even managed marshes allow for the extraction of environmental signals if natural and anthropogenic sedimentary processes are determined and their relative contribution to bulk sediment composition is quantified. Data series based solely on bulk sediments, however, seem to be of limited use because it is difficult to exclude bias of natural signals by anthropogenic measures.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Biogenic silica cycling in the Skagerrak (2023)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Dissolved silicate (H4SiO4) is essential for the formation of the opaline skeletal structures of diatoms and other siliceous plankton. A fraction of particulate biogenic silica (bSi) formed in surface waters sinks to the seabed, where it either dissolves and returns to the water column or is permanently buried. Global silica budgets are still poorly constrained since data on benthic bSi cycling are lacking, especially on continental margins. This study describes benthic bSi cycling in the Skagerrak, a sedimentary depocenter for particles from the North Sea. Biogenic silica burial fluxes, benthic H4SiO4 fluxes to the water column and bSi burial efficiencies are reported for nine stations by evaluating data from in-situ benthic landers and sediment cores with a diagenetic reaction-transport model. The model simulates bSi contents and H4SiO4 concentrations at all sites using a novel power law to describe bSi dissolution kinetics with a small number of adjustable parameters. Our results show that, on average, 1100 mmol m-2 yr-1 of bSi rains down to the Skagerrak basin seafloor, of which 50% is released back to overlying waters, with the remainder being buried. Biogenic silica cycling in the Skagerrak is generally consistent with previously reported global trends, showing higher Si fluxes and burial efficiencies than deep-sea sites and similar values compared to other continental margins. A significant finding of this work is a molar bSi-to-organic carbon burial ratio of 0.22 in Skagerrak sediments, which is distinctively lower compared to other continental margins. We suggest that the continuous dissolution of bSi in suspended sediments transported over long distances from the North Sea leads to the apparent decoupling between bSi and organic carbon in Skagerrak sediments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    A look into the temporal variability of sedimentation rates in the Skagerrak to track human and natural impacts in the North Sea (2024)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Modelling mass accumulation rates and 210Pb rain rates in the Skagerrak: lateral sediment transport dominates the sediment input (2024)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Sediment fluxes to the seafloor govern the fate of elements and compounds in the ocean and serve as a prerequisite for research on elemental cycling, benthic processes and sediment management strategies. To quantify these fluxes over seafloor areas, it is necessary to scale up sediment mass accumulation rates (MAR) obtained from multiple sample stations. Conventional methods for spatial upscaling involve averaging of data or spatial interpolation. However, these approaches may not be sufficiently precise to account for spatial variations of MAR, leading to poorly constrained regional sediment budgets. Here, we utilize a machine learning approach to scale up porosity and 210 Pb data from 145 and 65 stations, respectively, in the Skagerrak. The models predict the spatial distributions by considering several predictor variables that are assumed to control porosity and 210 Pb rain rates. The spatial distribution of MAR is based on the predicted porosity and existing sedimentation rate data. Our findings reveal highest MAR and 210 Pb rain rates to occur in two parallel belt structures that align with the general circulation pattern in the Skagerrak. While high 210 Pb rain rates occur in intermediate water depths, the belt of high MAR is situated closer to the coastlines due to lower porosities at shallow water depths. Based on the spatial distributions, we calculate a total MAR of 34.7 Mt yr -1 and a 210 Pb rain rate of 4.7 · 10 14 dpm yr -1 . By comparing atmospheric to total 210 Pb rain rates, we further estimate that 24% of the 210 Pb originates from the local atmospheric input, with the remaining 76% being transported laterally into the Skagerrak. The updated MAR in the Skagerrak is combined with literature data on other major sediment sources and sinks to present a tentative sediment budget for the North Sea, which reveals an imbalance with sediment outputs exceeding the inputs. Substantial uncertainties in the revised Skagerrak MAR and the literature data might close this imbalance. However, we further hypothesize that previous estimates of suspended sediment inputs into the North Sea might have been underestimated, considering recently revised and elevated estimates on coastal erosion rates in the surrounding region of the North Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Grainsize analysis and radionuclide measurements (210Pb, 137Cs, 226Ra) obtained from sediment cores RD04 (island of Sylt), BT02 and BT03 (Eiderstedt peninsula; south-eastern North Sea) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: Three sediment cores were retrieved from marshes at the southern North Sea coast, recovering the past 100 years. Core RD04 originates from a natural back-barrier marsh (island of Sylt); cores BT02 and BT03 from a reinstated, former managed marsh (Eiderstedt peninsula). Whereas the marsh in Sylt is a low-energy, back-barrier marsh, the marsh in Eiderstedt is exposed to storm waves from the open North Sea. The study provides a characterisation of the sedimentary processes that control vertical salt marsh growth in different energetic settings. Data include grain-size analysis and radionuclide activity of 137-Cs, 210-Pb and 226-Ra. Measurements of the radionuclides were used to determine sediment accretion rates. Grain-size data were used to determine and quantify multiple sedimentary processes by the application of end-member modelling.
    Keywords: grain-size distribution; North Sea; Priority Programme 1889 Regional Sea Level Change and Society; Radionuclides; Salt marshes; SPP1889; Storm surges
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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  • 7
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    Radionuclide measurements (210Pb, 137Cs, 226Ra) obtained from sediment core RD04 (island of Sylt) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: Core RD04 originates from a natural back-barrier marsh (island of Sylt). Data include radionuclide activity of 137Cs, 210Pb and 226Ra. Measurements of the radionuclides were used to determine sediment accretion rates.
    Keywords: Age, relative, number of years; Alpha spectrometry; Caesium-137; Caesium-137, error; CRS model (Constant Rate of Supply); Density, dry bulk; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Gamma spectrometry; Lead-210; Lead-210, error; Lead-210, unsupported; North Sea; Priority Programme 1889 Regional Sea Level Change and Society; Radionuclides; Radium-226; Radium-226, error; RD04; Salt marshes; Sample ID; SEDCO; Sediment corer; SPP1889; Storm surges; Sylt, North Sea
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 124 data points
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  • 8
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    Grain-size analysis obtained from sediment core BT02 (Eiderstedt peninsula; south-eastern North Sea) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: Core BT02 originates from a reinstated, former managed marsh (Eiderstedt peninsula). The marsh in Eiderstedt is exposed to storm waves from the open North Sea. Grain-size data were used to determine and quantify multiple sedimentary processes by the application of end-member modelling.
    Keywords: BT02; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Eiderstedt peninsula, North Sea; Grain size, mean; grain-size distribution; Laser diffraction particle size analyser; Median, grain size; North Sea; Priority Programme 1889 Regional Sea Level Change and Society; Salt marshes; SEDCO; Sediment corer; Size fraction 〉 2 mm, gravel; Size fraction 0.063-0.002 mm, silt, mud; Size fraction 2.000-0.063 mm, sand; SPP1889; Storm surges
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 460 data points
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  • 9
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    Radionuclide measurements (210Pb, 137Cs, 226Ra) obtained from sediment core BT02 (Eiderstedt peninsula; south-eastern North Sea) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: Sediment cores BT02 origins from a reinstated, former managed marsh (Eiderstedt peninsula). Data include radionuclide activity of 137Cs, 210Pb and 226Ra. Measurements of the radionuclides were used to determine sediment accretion rates.
    Keywords: Age, relative, number of years; Alpha spectrometry; BT02; Caesium-137; Caesium-137, error; Density, dry bulk; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Eiderstedt peninsula, North Sea; Gamma spectrometry; Lead-210; Lead-210, error; Lead-210, unsupported; Linear regression model; North Sea; Priority Programme 1889 Regional Sea Level Change and Society; Radionuclides; Radium-226; Radium-226, error; Salt marshes; Sample ID; SEDCO; Sediment corer; SPP1889; Storm surges
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 133 data points
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  • 10
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    Grain-size analysis obtained from sediment core BT03 (Eiderstedt peninsula; south-eastern North Sea) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: Core BT03 originates from a reinstated, former managed marsh (Eiderstedt peninsula). The marsh in Eiderstedt is exposed to storm waves from the open North Sea. Grain-size data were used to determine and quantify multiple sedimentary processes by the application of end-member modelling.
    Keywords: BT03; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Eiderstedt peninsula, North Sea; Grain size, mean; grain-size distribution; Laser diffraction particle size analyser; Median, grain size; North Sea; Priority Programme 1889 Regional Sea Level Change and Society; Salt marshes; SEDCO; Sediment corer; Size fraction 〉 2 mm, gravel; Size fraction 0.063-0.002 mm, silt, mud; Size fraction 2.000-0.063 mm, sand; SPP1889; Storm surges
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 465 data points
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