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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 326-328 (Dec. 2006), p. 1431-1434 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: New system (load cell) for measuring a contacting force in a high temperature andpressure water condition (i.e. 320[removed info], 15 MPa) has been developed. The primary purpose is to applyit to the experiments of a nuclear fuel fretting wear, which occurs on the contacts between the fuelrods and the spacer grid spring/dimples due to a flow-induced vibration of the rods. A bi-axial loadcell of a cylindrical shape is specially designed. Strain gages for a special use in a high temperaturecondition were attached on to the sensitive region of it to accommodate the bi-axial loadingcondition in fretting. The full scale of this load cell is ±50 N in axial force and ±50 N in bendingforce, respectively. In order to increase the sensitivity and to compensate for an ambienttemperature effect, the load cell consists of two Wheatstone full bridge arrangements. Thecalibration results of the load cell show that the coupling effects of each force were almostnegligible. This paper mainly presents the experimental techniques used during the development ofthe new load cell system. The techniques are characterized by a design optimization of a jig of acylindrical type, the application of a metallic sealant for a waterproofing, a free welding fabricationprocess and a temperature compensation circuit. Details on the development procedure, calibrationmethod and application results are also given in this paper
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 326-328 (Dec. 2006), p. 1483-1486 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new device for measuring an acceleration in a fuel rod has been developed. Theprimary purpose is to apply it to the experiments for a nuclear fuel fretting, which is caused by afuel rod and grid interaction due to a flow-induced vibration of the rods. A bi-axial accelerationdetectingdevice of a cylindrical shape for an insertion into a cladding tube is designed. Twounimorph piezoelectric accelerometers of small size and for special use in a high temperaturecondition were attached to the housing’s inner wall of the mounting device, which were orientedperpendicularly with each other to accommodate the acceleration signal during a fretting.Verification is carried out by a displacement and a frequency response analysis. The verificationresults of the bi-axial acceleration-detecting device showed a good response for the amplitude andbi-directional trace. This paper mainly presents the detailed design of the bi-axial accelerationdetectingdevice which is developed by using the design optimization of a cylindrical type andapplying it to the lower and upper plugs to sustain the device in the tube wall. The verification iscarried out by a displacement analysis and a frequency response analysis. An elaboration of thedevelopment procedure, calibration method and results are also given in this paper
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 26-28 (Oct. 2007), p. 1231-1234 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In order to evaluate the effects of a variation of a supporting springs' shape on the wearbehavior of a nuclear fuel rod, sliding wear tests have been performed in room temperature air andwater. The objective of the tests is to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between a worn area anda wear volume, and the formation behavior of a worn area with a variation of the slip amplitudes,applied normal loads and supporting spring shapes. The results indicated that the variation behaviorof the volume and the wear scar size was influenced by the contact shape between the springs and thefuel rods. Also, it was found to be possible to evaluate a critical ratio (Tc) for each spring shape andtest condition when the T was defined as the ratio of an applied normal load (Ln) to a wear scar size(At). Below this Tc, the wear volume was rapidly increased and the Tc was determined by a variationof the At under the same applied normal load condition. This result enables us to evaluate a wearresistant spring shape by using an analysis of a wear scar after wear tests have been completed. Basedon the above results, the relationship between At and a worn area (Aw), a wear mechanism and anevaluation method for a wear resistance were discussed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 297-300 (Nov. 2005), p. 801-806 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The mechanical and electrical properties of the Sn-3.5Ag solder/Cu BGA packages were investigated as a function of number of reflows. A continuous scallop-shaped Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound (IMC) layer was formed at the solder/Cu interface upon 1 reflow process. After 3 reflows, very thin layer of Cu3Sn IMC was observed at the Cu6Sn5/Cu interface. As the number of reflows increased, the thickness of these IMCs increased with a cube root of reflow time. Shear force slightly increased up to 4 reflows and then gradually decreased with increasing the number of reflows. The maximum shear force was 11.7N when the thickness of the IMC layers was 3.7㎛. The fracture surfaces of all the specimens showed ductile failure characteristics up to 4 reflows, and then the fraction of the brittle IMC fracture increased with the number of reflows. The electrical resistance of the BGA packages increased with the number of reflows
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 306-308 (Mar. 2006), p. 441-446 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 306-308 (Mar. 2006), p. 435-440 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 297-300 (Nov. 2005), p. 1365-1370 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Slipping characteristic on the contacts between the tubes and the supports is investigated to study the fretting wear of a vibratory tube. Tests were carried out to simulate the vibration of the fuel rods supported by the springs and dimples. A tube was forced to vibrate with 30Hz. The supporting condition was varied artificially: positive contact force or gap existence. During the tube vibration, amplitudes were measured continuously in the vicinity of the supports. Simple equations were derived to evaluate the slip displacement on the contacts. As a result, it was found that the supporting condition affected the vibration characteristic near the contacts. In the positive contact condition, the phase difference of the vibration signals at both sides of the contact was 180 degrees. It is altered in the gap condition and the higher frequency components than 30Hz appeared. The severer wear in the case of the gap existence is discussed with the evaluated slip distance per cycle
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 297-300 (Nov. 2005), p. 1395-1400 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this study, the variation of spring characteristics with increasing temperature wasexamined and the effect of their variations on the wear behavior of a nuclear fuel rod in both room and high temperature (300℃) water conditions was evaluated. From the results of the load-displacement tests, the spring stiffness was remarkably varied with increasing temperature. The results of the wear tests indicated that the wear damages are decreased at high temperature water when compared with the room temperature result. These results indicated that the removal mechanisms of wear debris at high temperature water are dependent on not only the formation of the wear particle layer but also on the changed contact conditions such as the contact length or area due to the stiffness drops
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 345-346 (Aug. 2007), p. 1365-1368 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An effort has been made in the present investigation to evaluate the wear resistance ofnuclear fuel rods with a variation of the supporting spring shapes and their stiffness by conductingfretting wear tests in room temperature air and water. With increasing slip amplitude, the wearvolume and maximum wear depth are increased with increasing slip amplitude. However, these arenot linearly increased with increasing spring stiffness. After the wear test, the worn surfaces wereobserved to investigate the debris behavior and wear mechanism by using an optical microscope(OM). The results indicated that almost all of the wear debris remained between the contactingsurfaces and the wear debris layers were well developed in room temperature air. Besides, some ofthe debris also remained on the worn surface in room temperature water. This result shows that theremaining debris effect on the worn surface was more dominant than the spring stiffness one. So, inorder to improve the fretting wear resistance of a nuclear fuel rod, it is necessary to consider thedebris behavior between contacting surfaces even though the supporting spring shape wasoptimized by considering the contact mechanics, material compatibility, etc. From the experimentalresults, the fretting wear mechanisms and the effect of spring properties were discussed
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: As a central feature of neuroinflammation, microglial dysfunction has been increasingly considered a causative factor of neurodegeneration implicating an intertwined pathology with amyloidogenic proteins. Herein, we report the smallest synthetic molecule (N,N′-diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine [DAPPD]), simply composed of a benzene ring with 2 acetamide groups at the para position, known to date as a chemical reagent that is able to promote the phagocytic aptitude of microglia and subsequently ameliorate cognitive defects. Based on our mechanistic investigations in vitro and in vivo, 1) the capability of DAPPD to restore microglial phagocytosis is responsible for diminishing the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) species and significantly improving cognitive function in the brains of 2 types of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) transgenic mice, and 2) the rectification of microglial function by DAPPD is a result of its ability to suppress the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins through its impact on the NF-κB pathway. Overall, our in vitro and in vivo investigations on efficacies and molecular-level mechanisms demonstrate the ability of DAPPD to regulate microglial function, suppress neuroinflammation, foster cerebral Aβ clearance, and attenuate cognitive deficits in AD transgenic mouse models. Discovery of such antineuroinflammatory compounds signifies the potential in discovering effective therapeutic molecules against AD-associated neurodegeneration.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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