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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation on laser ablation of InGaAs by means of resonance ionization and surfaces analysis spectrometries
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 49 (1994), S. 1453-1462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0584-8547
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0584-8547(94)80121-5
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between beryllia and high-lead glasses (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 2299-2301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Interactions between BeO substrates and high-lead glasses of typical composition for hybrid thick films have been studied by means of secondary neutral mass spectrometry. The Be atomic concentration on top of glass layers, 2–40 μm thick, prepared at various temperatures Tf, ranging from 750 to 1000 °C have been measured. The results give insight of Be solubility values from 0.5 to about 6 at. %, according to the glass type and firing temperature, and diffusion coefficients higher than 10−10 cm2/s. Moreover, the diffusion mechanism appears quite different from that involved in interactions between the same glasses and alumina substrates, since no correlated diffusion process has been observed in the present case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108270
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition by pulsed erosion of nickel and aluminum on copper
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface & Coatings Technology 66 (1994), S. 300-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0257-8972
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0257-8972(94)90017-5
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barley scutellum protoplasts: Isolation, culture and plant regeneration (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 98 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Many applications of cereal protoplast culture systems are still limited by the difficulties of regeneration from suspension cells which are the usual protoplast source. The objective of the present study therefore was to investigate the conditions for the development of a culture system for protoplasts capable of plant regeneration isolated directly from immmature scutella of barley. The procedure developed involves a two-stage pre-culture of scutellar tissue, followed by vacuum infiltration with cell wall degrading enzymes and the culture of alginate-embedded protoplasts. The pre-culture of the scutella and the co-cultivation of protoplasts with nurse cells were the most important factors for the success of the culture system, but several other parameters affecting protoplast yield, viability and sustained division were identified, including the developmental stage of the embryo, the use of cold conditioning periods during pre-culture, the composition of the pre-culture and protoplast culture medium, and the embedding matrix. Protoplasts isolated from scutellar tissues of barley cvs Dissa, Clipper, Derkado and Puffin were capable of sustained division in culture. Macroscopic protoplast-derived tissues were obtained in all cultivars, except ev. Puffin, and fertile plants were regenerated from cvs Dissa and Clipper 3–4 months after protoplast isolation. The procedure described provides a novel approach for the isolation of totipotent protoplasts in barley which avoids the need for suspension cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb06697.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence and photochemical properties of phytochromes in wild-type wheat and a transgenic line overexpressing an oat phytochrome A (PHYA) gene: functional implications (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Etiolated seedlings of wild-type wheat and a transgenic line overexpressing an oat PHYA gene were investigated by the use of in situ low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy. The red-absorbing phytochrome form, Pr, was characterized by (1) fluorescence emission spectrum; (2) total phytochrome content, and (3) by the extent of the Pr → lumi-R photoconversion at low temperature (γ1), and of the Pr → Pfr photoconversion at ambient temperature (γ2) as derived from emission data. All the characteristics were shown to be variable and to depend on (1) organ and tissue used; (2) seedling age; (3) transgenic wheat modification, and (4) continuous far-red irradiation of seedlings during their growth. These variations were interpreted in terms of the existence in wheat seedlings of the two phenomenological Pr types: (a), Pr′– major longer wavelength (687/673 nm, emission/absorption maxima) variable and light-labile with γ1 ≈ 0·5; and (b), Pr′′– minor, shorter wavelength (682/668 nm), relatively constant with its concentration not changing significantly with the increase of total phytochrome content in tissues and light-stable with γ1 ≤ 0·05–0·1. Overexpression of oat phyA increases primarily the content of Pr′ suggesting that it is comprised of phyA (phyA′) whereas Pr′′ is believed to consist of the minor phyA fraction (phyA′′) and phyB. The transgenic wheat line has been demonstrated to have a modified phenotype – the appearance of the far-red high irradiance reaction (FR-HIR) (Shlumukov et al. Plant, Cell and Environment 24, 703–712). The increased content of phyA′ in the transgenic line, whereas the total [phyA′′ + phyB] remains the same as in the wild type, indicates that the phyA′ pool is primarily responsible for the observed modification of the phenotype and suggests that even in wild-type plants the phyA′ component of the phyA pool may mediate the FR-HIR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00780.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of far-red high irradiance responses in wheat through transgenic expression of an oat phytochrome A gene (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A transgenic wheat line over-expressing an oat phytochrome A gene under the control of the constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter was generated using a biolistic particle delivery system from immature wheat embryos. The resulting line showed increased levels of total phytochrome A protein in both dark-grown and light-grown plants. When grown under continuous far-red light, seedlings of this line showed additional inhibition of the coleoptile extension in comparison with wild-type seedlings. Unlike the response of wild-type seedlings to continuous far-red, this additional inhibition was dependent on fluence rate and was not observed under half-hourly pulses of far-red delivering the same total fluence as the continuous irradiation treatment. These observations suggest that increase in phytochrome A levels in wheat leads to the establishment of a far-red high irradiation reaction in this monocotyledonous plant. Exposure to continuous red light caused a similar inhibition of coleoptile extension in both the wild types and the transgenic seedlings. When wild-type seedlings were grown under continuous far-red, their coleoptiles remained completely colourless and first leaves remained tightly rolled. In contrast, transgenic seedlings grown in the same conditions produced significant levels of anthocyanins in their coleoptiles and their first leaves became unrolled. Taken together, our data suggest that the increased levels of phytochrome A in wheat can change the type of response of some developmental processes to light signals, leading to the generation of a high irradiance reaction which is otherwise absent in the wild types under the conditions used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00718.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regeneration of fertile plants from protoplasts derived from embryogenic cell suspensions of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 10 (1991), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report regeneration of fertile plants from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Igri) protoplasts isolated from regenerable suspension cultures initiated from anther-derived embryogenic callus. Plants were routinely regenerated from these suspension cultures, which maintained their regenerative capacity for several months. It was first possible to isolate protoplasts from suspensions after three months of culture and after four months protoplasts capable of division could be isolated. Protoplasts maintained the regenerative capacity of the donor cells and formed embryogenic callus. Green plants were regenerated from protoplast-derived calli, although the proportion of albino plantlets was high. Viable regenerants were transferred to soil and fertile plants were recovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233022
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of barley scutellum protoplasts: regeneration of fertile transgenic plants (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 1000-1005 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Barley ; Scutellum ; Protoplasts ; Transformation ; Transgenic plant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A system for barley transformation via polyethyleneglycol-mediated DNA uptake into protoplasts isolated directly from scutella and the regeneration of transgenic plants is reported. Scutellum protoplasts (cv. Clipper, an Australian malting cultivar) were co-transformed with plasmids Act 1-DGUS, containing the marker uidA gene, and pCaIneo, which contains the selectable marker neomycin phosphotransferase gene. Protoplast-derived calluses were selected on medium containing the antibiotic G418 (25 and 15 mg.l–1) and macroscopic antibiotic resistant colonies were recovered. Fertile plants were regenerated from a callus line and molecular analysis confirmed transgene integration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990000220
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis and optimisation of DNA delivery into wheat scutellum and Tritordeum inflorescence explants by tissue electroporation (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 64-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Bread wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Tritordeum ; Tissue electroporation ; Transient gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Wheat scutella and tritordeum inflorescences were transformed by tissue electroporation with plasmid DNA containing a β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (gus A) under the control of the rice actin1 promoter. Factors affecting electroporation efficiency were analysed. Important factors were electroporation voltage and pulse length, the volume of electroporation buffer, the osmoticum of electroporation buffer and medium, the osmoticum of pre-electroporation culture medium, and pre-electroporation incubation time and temperature. Maximum transient gene expression was obtained with a single pulse of 550 V/cm from a 960-μF capacitor, using 200 μl of electroporation buffer, after 2–3 h culture on media with 357 mOsm for wheat scutella or 1 day on media with 222 mOsm for tritordeum inflorescences, and 0.5–1 h pre-electroporation incubation with DNA at 24 °C. Under these conditions, up to 90% of the explants showed GUS expression, and up to 149 expression signals were recorded per replicate. Electroporated explants showed high rates of survival and retained the ability to regenerate plants via somatic embryogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050533
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of particle bombardment parameters to optimise DNA delivery into wheat tissues (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (1999), S. 118-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Triticum aestivum ; DNA delivery ; Particle bombardment ; Transient GUS expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The objective of this study was to identify the major parameters controlling DNA delivery by particle bombardment to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) scutellum and inflorescence tissue. The main factors studied were the DNA/gold precipitation process, bombardment parameters and tissue culture variables. Efficiency of DNA (uidA gene) delivery was assessed by scoring transient GUS expression in bombarded tissues. Of the parameters analysed, amount of plasmid DNA, spermidine concentration, presence of Ca++ ions, calcium chloride concentration, amount of gold particles, gold particle size, acceleration pressure, chamber vacuum pressure, bombardment distance, osmotic conditioning of tissues and type of auxin had a clear influence on transient gene expression. A bombardment procedure suitable for elite wheat varieties was developed which allowed high-efficiency DNA delivery combined with reduced damage to target tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050721
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