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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3738-3743 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) relations of an interfacially coupled two-layer magnetic system have been derived. In the case modeled here, the two films are assumed to be characterized by uniaxial and cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropies. Analytical expressions for the resonance condition have been found for a strong coupling case for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling. The FMR modes have also been studied as a function of the coupling strength. In the strong coupling cases, the system behaves as a single thin film with effective cubic and uniaxial anisotropy fields and effective magnetogyric ratios. When the coupling is antiferromagnetic a "spin-flop" can occur beyond a critical coupling value Kcrit. There will be a discontinuity in mode position. The critical coupling and field have been derived. This analysis could be used to study experimentally the nature and the strength of the magnetic coupling in systems with cubic and/or uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropies. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4451-4453 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic coupling of 20-nm-thick Ni and Ni78Fe22 films through intervening Ag film has been investigated by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at 33 GHz. Films were deposited by e-beam evaporation on glass in the order glass/Ag/Ni/Ag/NiFe/Ag. The Ag over- and underlays were 20 nm thick; the central Ag-film thickness was varied between 0 and 20 nm. The coupling of the two ferromagnetic films, A and B, through the interface is modeled by adding −KMA⋅MB to the free energy per unit area. The FMR-mode positions are found from the solutions of a quadratic in K. Subsequently, FMR-mode intensities and linewidths are computed. Input data for these calculations were obtained from observations made on uncoupled Ni and NiFe films. From in-plane dc-field date a variation of K was deduced with a coupling film thickness t of the form exp(−t/τ) with τ equal to 2.68 nm. Limited FMR data taken with the dc field normal to the specimen are consistent with a weak coupling, K∼t−0.83. Little coupling was found in a glass/SiO2/Ni/SiO2/NiFe/SiO2 sequence with the SiO2 films spanning the same thickness range as the Ag in the first sequence. It is believed that the coupling in Ni/Ag/NiFe is dominated by conduction-electron-spin polarization. Some of the coupling may be magnetostatic in origin.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1429-1434 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) modes of exchange coupled bilayer thin films have been studied. The interfacial exchange anisotropy is modeled as a magnetic field HE. The ferromagnetic film is taken to be a single crystal with cubic and uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropies. The effect of the applied magnetic field H, the exchange anisotropy field HE, and the cubic anisotropy on the mode behavior will be shown. It will be shown how the FMR linewidth relates to the exchange anisotropy. The angular dependence of the resonance frequency and frequency linewidth will be studied. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1625-1629 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of the oblique anisotropy axis on the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth in a thin film is studied theoretically. The angular dependence of the frequency linewidth is investigated in the plane containing the anisotropy axis and in the film plane. The effect of the tilt angle on the frequency linewidth is shown. Some unusual broadening of the lines in the FMR spectra and certain features of the variation of the frequency linewidth Δf with field orientation and field intensity could be interpreted as being due to the fact that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy axis, i.e., the easy or hard direction of the magnetization, is tilted from the normal with an angle δ. The tilt angle δ as well as the Gilbert damping coefficient α can be deduced from experimental data through this analysis. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 7483-7483 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5760-5762 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at 33 GHz to study the properties of a number of evaporated thin Fe film systems. Values for effective anisotropy field HKeff , g value, and exchange constant A were derived. For Fe on glass, ||HKeff || was found to increase with increasing thickness. These changes were attributed to stress which decreased with film thickness. The presence of a Cu or a Ti underlayer did not seem to affect HKeff for films grown at room temperature. However, Fe/Ti/glass films made at higher substrate temperatures, Ts, did show an increase in ||HKeff ||. The appearance of a spin-wave mode in the Fe films enables us to compute the exchange constant A for Fe, A=(2.12±0.14)×10−6 ergs cm−1. The coupling between two thin Fe films through an intervening Cu layer was investigated. A model predicting the number and position of the peaks in the spectrum as a function of coupling is presented. From experiment it was observed that the coupling remains almost constant through the 50–5-nm Cu thickness range but rises sharply at 2-nm Cu thickness.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3808-3810 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) investigations have been made at 33 GHz on as-deposited and on annealed bilayer NiFe/FeMn thin films. Supplemental investigations were made at 9 GHz. Following a 350 °C anneal, for 1 h or longer in duration, the NiFe FMR spectrum was found to be characterized by a sequence of spin-wave resonance (SWR) modes. The behavior of the SWR modes is in accord with the presence of a thin ferromagnetic layer at the NiFe/FeMn interface with magnetization different from the bulk. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations indicate that annealing promotes formation of an interdiffused layer at the NiFe/FeMn interface and favors NiFe grain growth. Magnetic field limitations precluded FMR at 0° (perpendicular) field orientation. At various field orientations below the critical angle, the resonant fields, Hn, were found to vary with mode number n as n2. Also, for n〉1, the FMR-SWR linewidth ΔHn has a component varying as n2. From the 33-GHz 16° orientation data, the exchange constant A is computed to be (1.03±0.15)×10−6 erg/cm. The application of an in-plane magnetic field during anneal produces a reduction of the SWR mode intensities and a broadening of the principal peak. A perpendicular magnetic field had little effect.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 6101-6103 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of annealing and magnetic annealing on the magnetic and structural properties of NiFe/FeMn has been assessed by, respectively, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A straight anneal, at 350 °C for 1 h, led to the disappearance of the interfacial exchange anisotropy, HE, and to the appearance of FMR spin-wave resonance (SWR) modes. Interdiffusion takes place at the interface and the originally columnar NiFe and FeMn grains tend to become equiaxed. In cross-section view, [011] zone axes are prominent in both layers. Although magnetic annealing did not seem to affect the structural properties of the system, features of the SWR spectra and the HE effect were sensitive to the orientation of the magnetic field during anneal.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 4651-4656 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Off-aligned exchange coupling in bilayer thin film is investigated by torque curve and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). In off-aligned exchange coupling, the unidirectional anisotropy axis makes an angle β with the anisotropy axis of the ferromagnetic layer. The torque curves of the off-aligned exchange are shifted with respect to the ones of the aligned case (β=0). From the experimental measure of the shift angle α0 and of the torque curve slope at α0, one can determine independently the exchange anisotropy field HE and β values. A description of the FMR modes in such an off-aligned exchange coupling is given. The FMR mode position and linewidth are studied as a function of the anisotropy fields, of the off-aligned angle values, and of the applied field direction. The resonance frequency and frequency linewidth present particular features which will help to do the right interpretation of FMR spectra of these systems. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 3976-3978 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used a 30-GHz resonant cavity spectrometer to record the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra characterizing several Co-Cr films. These films, 18–22 at. % Cr in composition, were characterized by net mean anisotropy K¯ extending from negative to positive in range. K¯ and M¯S are measured by a torque magnetometer (TM) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). FMR was used to measure the relative amounts and the corresponding 2K/MS and γ values of each of the magnetic constituents in a given specimen. Using integrated FMR intensities and corresponding 2K/MS, a reasonable correlation between the TM/VSM data and FMR was achieved. An initial study on four films indicates that poorly aligned specimens (Δθ50(approximately-equal-to)8°) are composed of several distinct magnetic constituents; well-aligned specimens (Δθ50(approximately-equal-to)2°) are characterized by a single constituent. Further, samples with larger Δθ50 all seem to be characterized by at least two constituents in common: one at 2K/MS(approximately-equal-to)0, the other at 2K/MS (approximately-equal-to)−4πMS. This research, we believe, represents the first known confirmation by FMR of positive anisotropy in such Co-Cr films.
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