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  • 1
    Keywords: bulk water ; climate change ; equitable access ; large dams ; river basins ; water conservation ; water infrastructure ; water legislation ; water management ; water quality ; water resources ; water supply ; water use
    Description / Table of Contents: The past decade has witnessed a major global shift in thinking about water, including the role that water infrastructure plays in sustainable development. This rethinking aims to balance better the social, economic, and environmental performance aspects in the development and management of large dams. Infrastructure strategies must complement strategies for water, environment, and energy security and for emerging concerns to reduce vulnerability in water resource systems to climate change on the horizon. Communication is central to multi-stakeholder dialogue and partnerships at all levels needed to achieve sustainability and governance reform in water resource management and infrastructure provision. At the same time, communication drives the advocacy to mobilize political will and public support for beneficial change and continuous improvement in practices. This case study emphasizes that is not only important to mobilize all opportunities to reconcile water demand and supply in river basins that are coming under increasing levels of water stress, but also to integrate effectively governance and anti-corruption reforms and sustainability improvements into all stages of the planning and project cycle - adding value for stakeholders.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 116 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821384343
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Unknown
    Washington, D.C. : The World Bank
    Keywords: adaptation ; caribbean ; climate change ; community ; indigenous peoples ; latin america ; livelihoods ; poverty ; rural development ; vulnerability
    Description / Table of Contents: This book addresses the implications of climate change on indigenous peoples and communities living in the highlands, lowlands, and coastal areas of Latin America and the Caribbean. Across the region, indigenous people already experience the negative effects of climate change and variability. Their livelihoods are threatened by insecure food supplies and poor health. In addition, their cultural integrity is challenged: Indigenous peoples often blame themselves for the changes they observe in nature, despite their limited emission of greenhouse gasses. This book shows the complexity of how indigenous communities are affected by climate change, explores options for improving resilience, and provides guidance in the design of effective and sustainable adaptations. 'Changing climates of the world create new challenges not only for mainstream societies, but for indigenous and subsistence societies as well. The marginalized populations of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have long paid a price for their isolation from the colonial societies, but now the natural foundations of their marginal, traditional habitats and cultural spaces are being changed in ways that are yet to be fathomed. Kronik and Verner systematically and fairly thoroughly substantiate the effects of changing climate on the flora and fauna and patterns of life among indigenous populations in four regions of LAC: the Amazon, Andean and sub-Andean South America, and the Caribbean. Examinations of the vulnerabilities, adjustments, and potential adaptations of an assortment of peoples in each region illuminate the complexities of understanding what the world is up against with climate change, and can help to inform thinking about how the future will unfold. An extraordinary report of rigorous research that ought to be replicated everywhere.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 185 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821383810
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 4 (1956), S. 1035-1038 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 3 (1955), S. 1039-1041 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 120 (1994), S. 443-446 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract AdultLuidia clathrata (Say) were held at salinities lower and higher (25 to 35‰) than environmental salinity (29‰) during gametogenesis and after sperm and primary oocytes were produced. The sperm and primary oocytes acclimated to the experimental salinities in both cases. Fertilization and development through gastrulation were not affected at the salinities at which the parents were held, but were affected at altered salinities. This indicates that intracellular osmoregulation can occur both during gametogenesis and after the stage of arrested activity has been reached. This is an important capacity forL. clathrata, which lives in estuaries with variable salinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two morphs of the asteroid genus Echinaster, E. Type 1 and E. Type 2, have reciprocal annual cycles of reproduction and nutrient storage. The pyloric caeca (storage organs) reach maximal size over winter then decrease with increasing gametogenic activity in the spring. E. Type 1 broadcasts buoyant eggs in late May to early June. E. Type 2 deposits benthic eggs in late April. Lecithotrophic larval development is similar in both morphs except that larvae of E. Type 1 undergo a brief planktonic phase. E. Type 1 reaches sexual maturity at a larger size, expends a lower reproductive effort but has a greater absolute reproductive output than E. Type 2. E. Type 2 produces fewer, larger eggs and has a greater parental investment per egg. In both morphs, females have much higher gonadal lipid levels than males and expend a higher reproductive effort in terms organic matter and energy. Reproductive effort, reproductive output, nutrient storage in the pyloric caeca and body size varied between populations and between years in each morph. Egg size and parental investment per egg were constant. Within-morph variability is attributed to differences in nutritional state. Differences in reproductive strategy support the hypothesis that the morphs are separate species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 52 (1979), S. 87-91 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The high-energy windward coasts with narrow rocky intertidal regions (Oistens, River Bay) at Barbados, West Indies, had abundant macroscopic algae (mainly Sargassum sp.) and populations of Holothuria glaberrima Selenka and Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus), while protected ones with a wide rocky intertidal had sparse macroscopic algae and populations of E. lucunter only. The low-energy leeward coasts with wide rocky intertidal regions (Six Men's Bay, Payne's Bay) had no macroscopic algae in the surf zone and populations of E. lucunter only. Numerical densities of E. lucunter were high in all localities; the highest level of 144 m-2 was found at Six Men's Bay; numerical densities of H. glaberrima were high at both Oistens and River Bay, the highest level of 36 m-2 being recorded at River Bay. The caloric density of H. glaberrima at River Bay was 412 kcal m-2. The highest combined density of H. glaberrima and E. lucunter was at Oistens (632 kcal m-2, with 254 kcal m-2 being due to E. lucunter). The highest caloric density of E. lucunter at Six Men's Bay was 482 kcal m-2. Dependence on suspended food probably restricts H. glaberrima to high-energy environments while E. lucunter has an additional food source through its ability to scrape the rock substratum. E. lucunter may be more efficient in catching drift food. Mortality is suggested to be the basis of the failure of E. lucunter to displace H. glaberrima from the high-energy location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two laboratory experiments were conducted on Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816) collected from Missouri Key, Florida, USA, to ascertain the effects of arm regeneration on energy storage and gonad production. In each experiment individuals were divided into non-regenerating (all arms intact) and regenerating (three arms autotomized) groups and maintained together in a re-circulating seawater system for 2 mo. In Experiment 1, individuals were fed once a week, and in Experiment 2 once every 2 wk. The amount of food energy required for maintenance was estimated to be 0.172 kJ d−1. The lower feeding level (Experiment 2) was below maintenance ration and both groups lost material relative to an initial group. At the higher feeding level (Experiment 1), regeneration of three arms resulted in less storage of organic material, mainly lipid in the stomach, and less gonad production. Thus, regeneration may reduce energy reserves and reproductive output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chemoreception was studied in Luidia clathrata (Say), collected from Old Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, in June 1983. L. clathrata has chemotactic responses to compounds associated with its preferred dietary items. This seastar responded most strongly to L-cysteine, L-cystine, L-isoleucine and L-glutamic acid, compounds associated with fleshy animal foods. Sugars (sucrose, maltose and lactose), compounds associated with plant and detrital foods, were also stimulatory, but less so than the aminoacids. The seastar showed a strong response to the freshtissue component, betaine. The excretory product ammonium, indicative of metabolic activity of live prey, elicited a weak response. Chemotactic responses were concentration-dependent. Concentration-response curves for L-cysteine, L-isoleucine, and L-glutamic acid are steeply sloped and have response-dose50 values within the range of 1×10-8 and 1×10-5 M. L. clathrata is adapted to sensing concentration gradients at levels which could be expected in its environment. Distance chemoreception is an important component of both search behavior and food discrimination for this seastar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 33 (1975), S. 167-173 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Utilization of marine plants and their constituents by bacteria isolated from the guts of echinoids was investigated to determine the potential role bacteria may have in carbohydrate digestion in echinoids. Bacteria from the guts of the regular echinoids Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) and Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck) could physically degrade the marine plants Ulva lactuca and Eucheuma nudum, but not Caulerpa prolifera. Diplanthera wrightii and Thalassia testudinum were only slightly degraded by the gut bacteria. Bacteria from the guts of the irregular echinoids Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske) and Encope aberrans (Martens) could not physically degrade any of these marine plants. Mixed and some isolated bacteria from the gut of L. variegatus could utilize xylose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, laminarin, carageenan, starch and agar, but not cellulose or chitin. The results with isolates suggest that the bacteria of the echinoid gut are fairly non-selective. The bacteria of the guts of the two regular echinoids could utilize certain marine plants that the echinoids eat and certain of the plant constituents. The bacteria could not utilize plant fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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