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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Clusteranalyse : Einführung in Methoden und Verfahren der automatischen Klassifikation ; mit zahlreichen Algorithmen, FORTRAN-Programmen, Anwendungsbeispielen und einer Kurzdarstellung der multivariaten statistischen Verfahren (1977)
    Berlin [u.a.] : de Gruyter
    Details Availability
    Call number: 19/M 96.0430 ; PIK M 311-0196
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 206 S.
    ISBN: 3110070545
    Series Statement: DeGruyter-Lehrbuch
    Classification:
    C.2.1.
    Language: German
    Location: Reading room
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselective Intramolecular Copper(I)-Catalyzed [2 + 2]- Photocycloadditions. Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)- and (-)-Grandisol (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 60 (1995), S. 7256-7266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00127a034
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delivery of Loperamide Across the Blood-Brain Barrier with Polysorbate 80-Coated Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: loperamide ; nanoparticles ; polysorbate 80 ; drug delivery ; brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The possibility of using polysorbate 80-coated nanoparticles for the delivery of the water insoluble opioid agonist loperamide across the blood-brain barrier was investigated. The analgesic effect after i.v. injection of the preparations was used to indicate drug transport through this barrier. Methods. Loperamide was incorporated into PBCA nanoparticles. Drug-containing nanoparticles were coated with polysorbate 80 and injected intravenously into mice. Analgesia was then measured by the tail-flick test. Results. Intravenous injection of the particulate formulation resulted in a long and significant analgesic effect. A polysorbate 80 loperamide solution induced a much less pronounced and very short analgesia. Uncoated nanoparticles loaded with loperamide were unable to produce analgesia. Conclusions. Polysorbate 80-coated PBCA nanoparticles loaded with loperamide enabled the transport of loperamide to the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012098005098
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of crystal field stabilization energy on Fe2+ partitioning in paragenetic minerals (1999)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 137 (1999), S. 220-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In order to explore possible quantitative relations between crystal field stabilization energy, CFSE, and partitioning behaviour of the 3d 6-configured Fe2+ ion, a suite of 29 paragenetic rock-forming minerals from 12 high-grade metamorphic rock samples of the Ukrainian shield, including the parageneses garnet/orthopyroxene/clinopyroxene (2x), orthopyroxene/clinopyroxene, garnet/clinopyroxene, garnet/orthopyroxene/biotite, garnet/biotite, garnet/cordierite, garnet/cordierite/biotite, garnet/orthopyroxene/clinopyroxene/Ca-amphibole, Ca-amphibole/biotite (retrograde), was studied by electron microprobe analysis to obtain the respective K D Fe2+ (Ph1/Ph2) values and by polarized single crystal electronic absorption spectroscopy to evaluate the respective CFSEFe2+ values. Other than in the case of Cr3+, a clear quantitative relation between K D (Ph1/Ph2) and the ΔCFSE(Ph1/Ph2) was only observed when geometrical factors, mainly the volume of crystallographic sites and ionic radii of ions competing in the partitioning process, are similar in the respective two paragenetic phases to within 15–20%. In such cases, the ΔCFSEFe2+ contribution to K D (Ph1/Ph2) amounts to 0.1 to 0.2 log K D per 100 cm−1ΔCFSE. The conclusion is that ΔCFSEFe2+ plays only a secondary role after geometrical factors, in the partitioning behaviour of Fe2+. The reason for this is seen in the facts that, compared to the 3d  3-configured Cr3+ ion, CFSE of the 3d 6-configured Fe2+ amounts only to 20–25%, and that the former ion enters only octahedral sites with similar geometrical properties in the paragenetic mineral phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050547
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure-induced (Al,Si)[4]-ordering in dioctahedral micas? (1984)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 86 (1984), S. 294-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Pure, synthetic 2M1-muscovites (Ms) and 2M1-paragonites (Pg) prepared at 7, 13.5, and 18 kbar $$P_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}} $$ have been subjected to careful X-ray powder diffractometry and IR powder spectrometry. The results of X-ray studies show that the lattice constants of these micas are independent of the pressure employed in synthesizing them. Similarly, the IR powder spectra of Ms and Pg remain unaffected by the synthesis pressure. Neither the Al[4]-O-Al[4] vibrations decrease in relative intensity nor do the Si-O-Al[4] vibrations increase in intensity with increasing pressure of synthesis, as they should, if pressure-induced (Al, Si)[4] ordering had been operative. Finally, the v OH bands in Ms and Pg are also found to retain their fine structural details, regardless of the pressures employed in synthesizing these phases. In particular, the half widths of v OH in these (Al,Si)[4]-disordered micas remain constant at around 60 cm−1, compared to ∼ 10 cm−1 in (Al,Si)[4]-ordered mica margarite. In the light of this study, shortening of the b lattice parameter and progressive (Al,Si)[4] ordering with increasing pressure of synthesis of muscovites reported by Velde (1980) would appear to be anomalous. Consequently, any discussion of the effect of (Al,Si)[4] ordering on the stability of muscovite is a moot point at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373675
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic properties of pyrope (1991)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 17 (1991), S. 617-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Brillouin spectroscopy was used to measure the single crystal elastic properties of a pure synthetic pyrope and a natural garnet containing 89.9 mol% of the pyrope end member (Mg3Al2Si3O12). The elastic moduli, c ij , of the two samples are entirely consistent and agree with previous estimates of the elastic properties of pyrope based upon the moduli of solid solutions. Our results indicate that the elastic moduli of pyrope end-member are c 11=296.2±0.5, c 12=111.1±0.6, c 44=91.6±0.3, Ks=172.8±0.3, μ=92.0±0.2, all in units of GPa. These results differ by several percent from those reported previously for synthetic pyrope, but are based upon a much larger data set. Although the hydrous components of the two samples from the present study are substantially different, representing both ‘dry’ and ‘saturated’ samples, we find no discernable effect of structurally bound water on the elastic properties. This is due to the small absolute solubility of water in pyrope, as compared with other garnets such as grossular.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203841
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarized single-crystal FTIR-spectra of natural staurolite (1995)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 22 (1995), S. 108-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Polarized infrared absorption spectra of thin single-crystal slabs parallel to (010) and (001) of a staurolite from Pizzo Forno, Ticino, with analyzed composition (Fe2.9Mg0.9Zn0.1Mn0.1)Al17.5Ti0.1(Si7.7Al0.3)O48H3 have been measured in the range of 3000–4000 cm−1. From the pleochroitic behaviour of the OH-vibrations three groups of bands can be distinguished: the bands of group I, a strong band at 3445 cm−1 plus a weak shoulder at 3358 cm−1, and the bands of group II, a weak band centered at 3677 cm−1 plus a shoulder at 3635 cm−1, are assigned to the H1 and H2 protons, respectively. The bands of group III, a weak band at 3577 cm−1 plus a shoulder, cannot be interpreted on the basis of the proton positions known so far. We assign them to an additional proton H3, which is bonded to O1 and shows a bifurcated hydrogen bridge to two O5 in a vacant T2 site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202470
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic studies on natural chloritoids (1981)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 7 (1981), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Room temperature and low temperature Mössbauer and optical absorption spectroscopic data on six natural chloritoids characterized by means of electron microprobe and X-ray powder diffraction techniques are presented. Two narrow quadrupole doublets with widths of 0.25–0.29 mm/s assigned to Fe2+ in a relatively large octahedral site and Fe3+ in a smaller octahedral site, are observed in the Mössbauer spectra. Polarized optical absorption spectra reveal three main absorption bands. A broad absorption band at 16,300 cm−1, which is strongly polarized in E‖X and E‖Y and shows a linear increase in integral absorption with increasing [Fe2+] [Fe3+] concentration product, is assigned to a Fe2++Fe3+→Fe3++Fe2+ charge transfer transition. This band displays also a temperature dependence different from that of single ion d−d transitions. Two absorption bands at 10,900 cm−1 and 8,000 cm−1 are, on the basis of compositional dependence and energy, assigned to Fe2+ in the large M(1B) octahedra of the brucite-type layer in chloritoid. Combined spectroscopic evidence and structural and chemical considerations support a distribution scheme for ferrous and ferric iron which orders the Fe2+ ions in the M(1B) octahedra and the Fe3+ ions in the small M(1A) octahedral sites. Both types of octahedra are found in the brucite type layer of chloritoid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308227
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathways of glutamine and glutamate metabolism in resting and proliferating rat thymocytes: Comparison between free and peptide-bound glutamine (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 132 (1987), S. 559-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pathways of glutamine metabolism in resting and proliferating rat thymocytes were evaluated by in vitro incubations of freshly prepared or 60-h cultured cells for 1-2 h with [U14C]glutamine. Complete recovery of glutamine carbons utilized in products allowed quantification of the pathways of glutamine metabolism under the experimental conditions. Partial oxidation of glutamine via 2-oxoglutarate in a truncated citric acid cycle to CO2 and oxaloacetate, which then was converted to aspartate, accounted for 76 and 69%, respectively, of the glutamine metabolized beyond the stage of glutamate by resting and proliferating thymocytes. Complete oxidation to CO2 in the citric acid cycle via 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase accounted for 25 and 7%, respectively. In proliferating cells a substantial amount of glutamine carbons was also recovered in pyruvate, alanine, and especially lactate. The main route of glutamine and glutamate entrance into the citric acid cycle via 2-oxoglutarate in both cells is transamination by aspartate aminotransferase rather than oxidative deamination by glutamate dehydrogenase. In the presence of glucose as second substrate, glutamine utilization and aspartate formation markedly decreased, but complete oxidation of glutamine carbons to CO2 increased to 37 and 23%, respectively, in resting and proliferating cells. The dipeptide, glycyl-L-glutamine, which is more stable than free glutamine, can substitute for glutamine in thymocyte cultures at higher concentrations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320320
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Stereoselective Synthesis of Grandisol (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Grandisol ; [2 + 2]-Photocycloaddition ; Cu(I) catalysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Grandisol (10) is stereoselectively synthesized in 9 steps, starting from commercially available 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (1). The key step of the synthesis is the Cu(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition of 3 to 4a or 4b. Moreover, solvent effects on the endo/exo product ratio of the [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition are investigated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199219920144
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