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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Uncommon Wax Esters with Immobilized Lipases (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 672 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb35661.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome sequence of the ubiquitous hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 997-1004 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Alcanivorax borkumensis is a cosmopolitan marine bacterium that uses oil hydrocarbons as its exclusive source of carbon and energy. Although barely detectable in unpolluted environments, A. borkumensis becomes the dominant microbe in oil-polluted waters. A. borkumensis SK2 has a streamlined genome ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1232
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penta- and disaccharide lipid formation by Nocardia corynebacteroides grown on n-alkanes (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 31 (1989), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Nocardia corynebacteroides SM1 synthesized di- and pentasaccharide lipids when grown on n-alkanes, especially under nitrogen limitation. Optimum conditions for their formation were pH 6.4–6.8, NaNO3 as nitrogen source and yeast extract supplementation of the nutrient. A study of the time course of whole glycolipid production was carried out in a 20-l bioreactor. After extraction of the culture broth with organic solvents three main components could be isolated. Both 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and elemental analysis studies led to the identification of one novel pentasaccharide lipid and two trehalose corynomycolates. The oligosaccharide lipid showed significant surface and interfacial active properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270779
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marine biosurfactants. IV. Production, characterization and biosynthesis of an anionic glucose lipid from the marine bacterial strain MM1 (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 37 (1992), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary During screening for biosurfactants among marine, n-alkane-utilizing bacteria, low- and high-molecular surface-active substances were detected. The marine bacterial strain MM1 was found to synthesize a novel glycolipid that has not so far been cited in the literature. Both 1H, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometer studies led to the identification of a glucose lipid consisting of four 3-OH-decanoic acids, which are linked together by ester bonds. The lipophilic moiety is coupled glycosidically with C-1 of glucose. The glucolipid reduced the surface tension from 72 mN/m to 30 mN/m while the minimum interfacial tension towards n-hexadecane was lowered to values smaller than 5 mN/m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210978
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface-active lipids in rhodococci (1998)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 74 (1998), S. 59-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: biosurfactants ; glycolipids ; remediation ; rhodococci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Like other hydrocarbon-oxidising bacteria, rhodococci respond to the presence of alkanes by producing biosurfactant molecules to improve their ability to utilise these hydrophobic compounds as growth substrates. In the rhodococci these surfactants are predominantly glycolipids, the majority of which remain cell-bound during unrestricted growth. Most work has been done on the trehalose mycolates formed by Rhodococcus erythropolis, but nitrogen- limited conditions lead to the production of anionic trehalose tetraesters also. As surfactants, these compounds, whether purified or in crude form, are able to reduce the surface tension of water from 72 mN m-1 to a low of 26, thus making them among the most potent biosurfactants known. They are also able to reduce the interfacial tension between water and a hydrophobic phase (e.g. n- hexadecane) from 43 mN m-1 to values less than one (Table 1). Biosurfactants have about a ten- to 40-fold lower critical micelle concentration than synthetic surfactants. Such properties suggest a range of industrial applications, where a variety of surface-active characteristics are appropriate. Interest in biosurfactants as industrial chemicals results from the toxicity of many petrochemical-derived surfactants. Currently world-wide surfactant production is on a very large scale, and the demand for them is increasing. However, the drive towards less environmentally damaging chemicals makes biosurfactants attractive as they have lower toxicity. The reason they have not achieved a significant market share is the cost of production, which is considerably higher than for synthetic surfactants. This problem is being addressed using several strategies. An approach where there is great scope for improvement with the rhodococci is an understanding of the genetic basis of glycolipid production, which is largely unknown. They may find applications in the near future in the environmental remediation industries, where the requirement for purified molecules is of less importance. This review summarises knowledge of the chemistry, biochemistry and production of Rhodococcus surface-active lipids. Where they have been used, or there is potential for use, in industrial applications is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001799711799
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production L-tryptophan by Escherichia coli cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 999-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Whole cells of Escherichia coli B 10 having high tryptophan synthetase activity were used directly as an enzyme source to produce L-tryptophan from indole and L- or D,L-serine. This strain is tryptophan auxotrophic, which is tryptophanase negative and, in addition, L- and D-serine deaminase negative under production conditions. To avoid inhibition of tryptophan synthetase by a high concentration of indole, nonaqueous organic solvents, Amberlite XAD-2 adsorbent, and nonionic detergents were used as reservoirs of indole in the reaction mixture for the production of L-tryptophan. As a result, different effects were observed on the production of L-tryptophan. Particularly, among the nonionic detergents, Triton X-100 was very efficient. Using Triton X-100 for production of L-tryptophan from indole and L- or D,L-serine by whole cells of Escherichia coli B 10, 14.14 g/100 mL and 14.2 g/100 mL of L-tryptophan were produced at 37°C for 60 h.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250410
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous production of L-tryptophan from indole and L-serine by immobilized Escherichia coli cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1013-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Escherichia coli B 10, which has high activity of tryptophan synthetase, was grown in a 50-L batch culture in order to determine in which growth phase the cells have the highest specific tryptophan productivity. Accordingly, whole cells of the stationary phase were used for immobilization in polyacrylamide beads. After immobilization, these immobilized cells had 56% activity of tryptophan synthetase compared with that of free cells. First, the properties of immobilized cells were investigated. Next, discontinuous productions of L-tryptophan were carried out by using immobilized cells. In discontinuous production of L-tryptophan by the batch, the activity remaining of immobilized cells was 76-79% after 30 times batchwise use. In continuous production of L-tryptophan with a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), the activity remaining of the immobilized cells was 80% after continuous use for 50 days. The maximum productivity of L-tryptophan in this CSTR system was 0.12 g tryptophan L-1 h-1.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250411
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur mikrobiologischen Hydroxylierung von 14α-H-Cardenoliden (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 3304-3317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Microbial Hydroxylation of Some 14α-H-Cardenolides1 is chemically transformed to compounds 2, 5b, 8b, 11, and 14b by well known methods. These are the educts for microbial hydroxylation by Curvularia lunata, Cunninghamella blakesleena, and Aspergillus ochraceus. Generally α-attack on the steroids is observed only, by preference of the C-11-, C-17- and C-14-positions.
    Notes: Mit bekannten Methoden der Steroidchemie wird 1 in die Verbindungen 2, 5b, 8b, 11 und 14b übergeführt. Diese dienen als Substrate für die mikrobiologische Hydroxylierung mit Curvularia lunata, Cunninghamella blakesleeana und Aspergillus ochraceus. Allgemein wird dabei lediglich ein Angriff auf die α-Seite der Steroide beobachtet, vorzugsweise in den Positionen C-11, C-17 und C-14.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19761091005
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ungesättigte Lactone mit steroidanalogem Grundgerüst, VIII. Zur mikrobiologischen Hydroxylierung eines Pseudosteroid-butenolids (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 3318-3322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Unsaturated Lactones with Steroidal-Type Backbone, VIIIThe Microbial Hydroxylation of a Pseudosteroid ButenolideThe Incubation of the racemic butenolide 1 with Curvularia lunata is accompanied by an asymmetric selection. Whereas (-)-R,R-1 is oxygenated to 2, 3, 4 the corresponding (+)-S,S-enantiomer is degraded. The structures of 2-4 are elucidated by spectroscopy.
    Notes: Bei der Inkubation des racemischen Butenolids 1 mit Curvularia lunata wird eine Selektion derart beobachtet, daß das (-)-R,R-Enantiomere zu 2, 3 und 4 oxygeniert, während das zugehörige (+)-S,S-Enantiomere völlig abgebaut wird. Die Konstitutionsaufklärung von 2-4 erfolgt mit spektroskopischen Methoden.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19761091006
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikrobieller Ölabbau im Meer (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 19 (1989), S. 145-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Am 24. März 1989 verunglückte der Supertanker „Exxon Valdez“ an der Küste Alaska“. 40000 Tonnen Rohöl strömten ins Meer. Die ökologischen Folgen sind derzeit noch nicht abzuschätzen. Verheerende Auswirkungen für die unmittelbar betroffene Region waren die Folge. Die Höhe des Gesamtschadens steht zur Zeit noch nicht fest.Der Einsatz von künstlich erzeugten Dispergatoren ist eine der Möglichkeiten zur Schadensbekämpfung. Diese haben allerdings eine hohe Eigentoxizität und belasten den Lebensraum zusätzlich.Im Meer sind stets Bakterien vorhanden, die Öl abbauen. Dabei bilden sie dispergatorähnliche Substanzen, die sich jedoch durch eine geringere Eigentoxizität auszeichnen.Der nachfolgende Artikel behandelt die Bildung und Wirkungsweise dieser „Biotenside“ sowie ihre Bedeutung für den mikrobiellen Ölabbau im Meer. Er wirft die Frage nach einer Anwendung zur Schadensminimierung auf.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.19890190503
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